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added Analytic Gaps and Knowledge Tasks [Amar and Stasko, 2004]
 
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There are a number of different task taxonomies in InfoVis at different levels of granularity.
<div class="infovis-orange" style="font-size: 120%; padding-bottom: 20px">welcome to the <i>InfoVis:Wiki</i>, the <span style="font-size:150%">'''Information Visualization'''</span> community platform</div>
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== Task Taxonomy of Relational Information Displays ==
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by: [Zhang, 1996] based on [Carswell and Wickens, 1988]
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There are three major types of display tasks:
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*information retrieval
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*comparison
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*information integration
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== High-level tasks / purposes / goals of Visualization ==
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Sources: [Schumann and Müller, 2000], [Keim et al., 2006]
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* [[Visual Presentation]]
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* [[Visual Exploration]]
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* [[Visual Analysis]]


== On the interplay between task and representation ==
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{{Quotation|Thus, although there are no best displays that are efficient for all types of tasks, there is a correct or incorrect mapping between the representation of a display and the structure of a task.|[Zhang, 1996]}}
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{{Quotation|When a RID [Relational Information Display] has necessary and sufficient information for a task, the mapping between the display and the task is perfect. For example, length is a good representation for ratio comparison tasks because length is on a ratio scale and ratio comparison tasks require ratio scales.|[Zhang, 1996]}}
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== Analytic Gaps and Knowledge Tasks ==
Source: [Amar and Stasko, 2004]
 
=== Analytic Gaps ===
*'''The Rationale Gap: No “Black Boxes”'''
{{Quotation|We define the Rationale Gap as the gap between perceiving a relationship and actually being able to explain confidence in that relationship and the usefulness of that relationship.|[Amar and Stasko, 2004]}}
*'''The Worldview Gap: Show The Wider Perspective'''
{{Quotation|We define the Worldview Gap as the gap between what is being shown and what actually needs to be shown to draw a straightforward representational conclusion for making a decision.|[Amar and Stasko, 2004]}}
 
=== Knowledge Tasks ===
*'''Rationale-Based Tasks'''
*#Expose Uncertainty
*#Concretize Relationships
*#Formulate Cause And Effect
 
*'''Worldview-Based Tasks'''
*#Determination Of Domain Parameters
*#Multivariate Explanation
*#Confirm Hypotheses
 
== References ==
*[Amar and Stasko, 2004] R. Amar and J. Stasko, "A knowledge task-based framework for design and evaluation of information visualizations," in the IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (INFOVIS'04).    IEEE Computer Society, 2004, pp. 143-150. [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/INFOVIS.2004.10
*[Carswell and Wickens, 1988] Carswell, C. M. & Wickens, C. D. (1988). Comparative graphics: History and applications of perceptual integrality theory and the proximity compatibility hypothesis (TR ARL-88-2/AHEL-88-1). Aviation Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
*[Keim et al., 2006] Keim, D.A.; Mansmann, F. and Schneidewind, J. and Ziegler, H., Challenges in Visual Data Analysis, Proceedings of Information Visualization (IV 2006), IEEE, p. 9-16, 2006.
*[Schumann and Müller, 2000] Heidrun Schumann and Wolfgang Müller, Visualisierung - Grundlagen und allgemeine Methoden. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2000.
*[Zhang, 1996] Zhang, J. 1996. [http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/old/409818.html A representational analysis of relational information displays]. Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Stud. 45, 1 (Jul. 1996), 59-74. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/ijhc.1996.0042
 
[[Category:Glossary]]

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