Teaching:TUW - UE InfoVis WS 2009/10 - Gruppe G12 - Aufgabe 1 - Preattentive Processing: Difference between revisions
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= Preattentive | = Preattentive processing = | ||
{{Quotation|Visualization is so effective and useful because it utilizes one of the channels to our brain that have the highest bandwidths: our eyes. But even this channel can be used more or less efficiently. One special property of our visual system is preattentive processing. |[Kosara, 2002]}} | {{Quotation|Visualization is so effective and useful because it utilizes one of the channels to our brain that have the highest bandwidths: our eyes. But even this channel can be used more or less efficiently. One special property of our visual system is preattentive processing. |[Kosara, 2002]}} | ||
{{Quotation|One very interesting result of vision research over the past 20 years has been the discovery of a limited set of visual properties that are processed preattentively (i.e. without the need for focused attention). Typically, tasks that can be performed on large multi-element displays in 200 milliseconds or less are considered preattentive.This is because eye movements take at least 200 milliseconds to initiate. Any perception that is possible within this time frame involves only the information available in a single glimpse. Random placement of the elements in the displays ensures that attention cannot be prefocused on any particular location. Observers report that these tasks can be completed with very little effort. |[Healey et al., 1996]}} | {{Quotation|One very interesting result of vision research over the past 20 years has been the discovery of a limited set of visual properties that are processed preattentively (i.e. without the need for focused attention). Typically, tasks that can be performed on large multi-element displays in 200 milliseconds or less are considered preattentive.This is because eye movements take at least 200 milliseconds to initiate. Any perception that is possible within this time frame involves only the information available in a single glimpse. Random placement of the elements in the displays ensures that attention cannot be prefocused on any particular location. Observers report that these tasks can be completed with very little effort. |[Healey et al., 1996]}} | ||
= Preattentive | == Preattentive features== | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="3" | {| border="1" cellpadding="3" | ||
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|'''lighting direction'''<br>The lightning is normally constant for all objects in a certain scene so variations in the lightning of a single object can be used a preattentiv cue. | |'''lighting direction'''<br>The lightning is normally constant for all objects in a certain scene so variations in the lightning of a single object can be used a preattentiv cue. | ||
|[[Image:Tg_3d_light.gif|100px]] | |[[Image:Tg_3d_light.gif|100px]] | ||
|'''3D orientation'''<br> | |'''3D orientation'''<br>The orientation in a 3D space can also be used as a cue for preattentive processing. | ||
|[[Image:Tg_orient_3d.gif|100px]] | |[[Image:Tg_orient_3d.gif|100px]] | ||
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{{Quotation|It is important to note that some of these features are asymmetric. For example, a sloped line in a sea of vertical lines can be detected preattentively. However, a vertical line in a sea of sloped lines cannot be detected preattentively. Another important consideration is the effect of different types of background distractors on the target feature. These factors must often be addressed when trying to design display techniques that rely on preattentive processing.|[Healey, 2005]}} | {{Quotation|It is important to note that some of these features are asymmetric. For example, a sloped line in a sea of vertical lines can be detected preattentively. However, a vertical line in a sea of sloped lines cannot be detected preattentively. Another important consideration is the effect of different types of background distractors on the target feature. These factors must often be addressed when trying to design display techniques that rely on preattentive processing.|[Healey, 2005]}} | ||
== Examples for | == Examples for preattentive processing == | ||
[[Image: | [[Image:Bild_302.png|thumb|200px|left]] | ||
<div style="clear:both; height:0px;"> </div> | |||
Detecting an red object within similar shaped blue ones [Chipman, 1996]<br> | |||
Since color is a very good preattentive feature the red circle can be found very easily. | |||
[[Image:Bild_303.png|thumb|200px|left]] | |||
<div style="clear:both; height:0px;"> </div> | |||
Detecting the circle preattentively. [Chipman, 1996]<br> | |||
This is more challenging because the similar color is a stronger feature than the deviant shape but a preattentive identification is still possible. | |||
[[Image: | [[Image:Terget_detection.png|thumb|200px|left|(a)]] | ||
[[Image:Terget_detection1.png|thumb|200px|left|(b)]] | |||
<div style="clear:both; height:0px;"> </div> | |||
Examples of two target detection tasks: (a) target can be detected preattentively because it possesses the feature “filled”; (b) target cannot be detected preattentively because it has no visual feature that is unique from its distractors. [Healey et al., 1996] | |||
[[Image:Hue_shape_P.gif|thumb|200px|left|(a)]] | |||
[[Image:Shape_hue_P.gif|thumb|200px|left|(b)]] | |||
<div style="clear:both; height:0px;"> </div> | |||
Region segregation by form and hue: (a) hue boundary is identified preattentively, even though form varies randomly in the two regions; (b) random hue variations interfere with the identification of a region boundary based on form. [Healey et al., 1996] | |||
==Conclusion== | |||
Any visual processing of that item prior to the act of selection can be called preattentive. [Wolfe, Treisma, 2003] | |||
=Conclusion= | |||
Any visual processing of that item prior to the act of selection can be called | |||
Preattentive processing can help to rapidly draw the focus of attention to a target with a unique visual feature (i.e., little or no searching is required in the preattentive case). [Healey, 2005] | Preattentive processing can help to rapidly draw the focus of attention to a target with a unique visual feature (i.e., little or no searching is required in the preattentive case). [Healey, 2005] | ||
= | ==References== | ||
*[Kosara et al., 2002] Robert Kosara, Silvia Miksch, Helwig Hauser. Focus+Context Taken Literally ''IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications (CG&A), Special Issue on Information Visualization'', 22(1), pages 22-29. Created at: January/February, 2002. http://www.kosara.net/papers/Kosara_CGA_2002.pdf . | *[Kosara et al., 2002] Robert Kosara, Silvia Miksch, Helwig Hauser. Focus+Context Taken Literally ''IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications (CG&A), Special Issue on Information Visualization'', 22(1), pages 22-29. Created at: January/February, 2002. http://www.kosara.net/papers/Kosara_CGA_2002.pdf . |
Latest revision as of 21:57, 10 November 2009
Preattentive processing[edit]
Preattentive features[edit]
Compiled list from [Healey, 2005], [Chipman, 1996]
Examples for preattentive processing[edit]
Detecting an red object within similar shaped blue ones [Chipman, 1996]
Since color is a very good preattentive feature the red circle can be found very easily.
Detecting the circle preattentively. [Chipman, 1996]
This is more challenging because the similar color is a stronger feature than the deviant shape but a preattentive identification is still possible.
Examples of two target detection tasks: (a) target can be detected preattentively because it possesses the feature “filled”; (b) target cannot be detected preattentively because it has no visual feature that is unique from its distractors. [Healey et al., 1996]
Region segregation by form and hue: (a) hue boundary is identified preattentively, even though form varies randomly in the two regions; (b) random hue variations interfere with the identification of a region boundary based on form. [Healey et al., 1996]
Conclusion[edit]
Any visual processing of that item prior to the act of selection can be called preattentive. [Wolfe, Treisma, 2003]
Preattentive processing can help to rapidly draw the focus of attention to a target with a unique visual feature (i.e., little or no searching is required in the preattentive case). [Healey, 2005]
References[edit]
- [Kosara et al., 2002] Robert Kosara, Silvia Miksch, Helwig Hauser. Focus+Context Taken Literally IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications (CG&A), Special Issue on Information Visualization, 22(1), pages 22-29. Created at: January/February, 2002. http://www.kosara.net/papers/Kosara_CGA_2002.pdf .
- [Healey et al., 1996] Healey, C. G., Booth, K. S., and Enns, J. T.. High-Speed Visual Estimation Using Preattentive Processing. ACM Transactions on Human Computer Interaction 3(2), pages 107-135, Created at: 1996. http://www.csc.ncsu.edu/faculty/healey/download/tochi.96.pdf .
- [Wolfe, Treisma, 2003] Jeremy M Wolfe, Anne Treisma. What shall we do with the preattentive processing stage: Use it or lose it?, Todd S Horowitz poster presented at the Third Annual Meeting of the Vision Sciences Society. Sarasota. Created at: May, 2003. http://search.bwh.harvard.edu/links/talks/VSS03-JMW.pdf .
- [Healey, 2005] Christopher G. Healey. Perception in Visualization. Department of Computer Science, North Carolina State University. Created at: May, 2005. http://www.csc.ncsu.edu/faculty/healey/PP/index.html#Tri_Cog_Psych:80 .
- [Chipman, 1996] Gene Chipman. Review of High Speed Visual Estimation Using Preattantive Processing (Healy, Booth and Enns). Created at: 1996, Retrieved at: October 24, 2005. http://www.cs.umd.edu/class/spring2002/cmsc838f/preattentive.ppt#267 .