Teaching:TUW - UE InfoVis WS 2005/06 - Gruppe G3 - Aufgabe 1 - Preattentive Processing: Difference between revisions
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== Preattentive Processing == | == Preattentive Processing == | ||
;Definition: | ;Definition: | ||
{{Definition|Visualization is so effective and useful because it utilizes one of the channels to our brain that have the highest bandwidths: our eyes. But even this channel can be used more or less efficiently. One special property of our visual system is preattentive processing.[ | {{Definition|Visualization is so effective and useful because it utilizes one of the channels to our brain that have the highest bandwidths: our eyes. But even this channel can be used more or less efficiently. One special property of our visual system is preattentive processing.[Kosara-Miksch-Hauser, 2002]}} | ||
{{Definition|One very interesting result of vision research over the past 20 years has been the discovery of a limited set of visual properties that are processed preattentively (i.e. without the need for focused attention). Typically, tasks that can be performed on large multi-element displays in 200 milliseconds or less are considered preattentive.This is because eye movements take at least 200 milliseconds to initiate. Any perception that is possible within this time frame involves only the information available in a single glimpse. Random placement of the elements in the displays ensures that attention cannot be prefocused on any particular location. Observers report that these tasks can be completed with very little effort.[ | {{Definition|One very interesting result of vision research over the past 20 years has been the discovery of a limited set of visual properties that are processed preattentively (i.e. without the need for focused attention). Typically, tasks that can be performed on large multi-element displays in 200 milliseconds or less are considered preattentive.This is because eye movements take at least 200 milliseconds to initiate. Any perception that is possible within this time frame involves only the information available in a single glimpse. Random placement of the elements in the displays ensures that attention cannot be prefocused on any particular location. Observers report that these tasks can be completed with very little effort.[Healey-Enns, 1996]}} | ||
'''Preattentive Features''' | '''Preattentive Features''' | ||
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[[Image:Features.jpg]] | [[Image:Features.jpg]] | ||
''A partial list of preattentive visual features, together with references to research that showed they were preattentive.''[ | ''A partial list of preattentive visual features, together with references to research that showed they were preattentive.''[Chipman, 1996], | ||
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[[Image:Preattantive_1.jpg]] | [[Image:Preattantive_1.jpg]] | ||
''Detecting the Red Object preattentively.''[ | ''Detecting the Red Object preattentively.''[Healey-Enns, 1996] | ||
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[[Image:Preattantive_2.jpg]] | [[Image:Preattantive_2.jpg]] | ||
''Detecting the Circle preattentively.''[ | ''Detecting the Circle preattentively.''[Chipman, 1996] | ||
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Examples of two target detection tasks: (a) target can be detected preattentively because it possess the feature “filled”; <br> | Examples of two target detection tasks: (a) target can be detected preattentively because it possess the feature “filled”; <br> | ||
(b) target cannot be detected preattentively because it has no visual feature that is unique from its distractors.[ | (b) target cannot be detected preattentively because it has no visual feature that is unique from its distractors.[Healey-Enns, 1996] | ||
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''Region segregation by form and hue: (a) hue boundary is identified preattentively, even though form varies randomly'' <br> | ''Region segregation by form and hue: (a) hue boundary is identified preattentively, even though form varies randomly'' <br> | ||
''in the two regions; (b) random hue variations interfere with the identification of a region boundary based on form.''[ | ''in the two regions; (b) random hue variations interfere with the identification of a region boundary based on form.''[Healey-Enns, 1996] | ||
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;Conclusion: | ;Conclusion: | ||
Any visual processing of that item prior to the act of selection can be called “preattentive”.[ | Any visual processing of that item prior to the act of selection can be called “preattentive”.[Wolfe-Treisma, 2003] | ||
Preattentive processing can help to rapidly draw the focus of attention to a target with a unique visual feature (i.e., little or no searching is required in the preattentive case). [ | Preattentive processing can help to rapidly draw the focus of attention to a target with a unique visual feature (i.e., little or no searching is required in the preattentive case). [Healey, 2005] | ||
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[ | [Kosara-Miksch-Hauser, 2002],Robert Kosara, Silvia Miksch, Helwig Hauser - Focus+Context Taken Literally - Vienna University of Technolog, VRVis Research Center, Austria - Access Date: 24.October.2005. | ||
http://www.kosara.net/papers/Kosara_CGA_2002.pdf | http://www.kosara.net/papers/Kosara_CGA_2002.pdf | ||
[ | [Healey-Enns, 1996], Christopher G. Healey, Kellog S. Booth and James T. Enns - High-Speed Visual Estimation Using Preattentive Processing - The University of British Columbia, June 1996 - Access Date: 24.October.2005. | ||
http://www.csc.ncsu.edu/faculty/healey/download/tochi.96.pdf | http://www.csc.ncsu.edu/faculty/healey/download/tochi.96.pdf | ||
[ | [Wolfe-Treisma, 2003], Jeremy M Wolfe, Anne Treisma,- What shall we do with the preattentive processing stage: | ||
Use it or lose it? - Todd S Horowitz poster presented at the Third Annual Meeting of the Vision Sciences Society, Sarasota, FL May, 2003 - Access Date: 24.October.2005 | Use it or lose it? - Todd S Horowitz poster presented at the Third Annual Meeting of the Vision Sciences Society, Sarasota, FL May, 2003 - Access Date: 24.October.2005 | ||
http://search.bwh.harvard.edu/links/talks/VSS03-JMW.pdf | http://search.bwh.harvard.edu/links/talks/VSS03-JMW.pdf | ||
[ | [Healey, 2005], Christopher G. Healey – Perception in Visualization - Department of Computer Science, North Carolina State University – May.2005 - Access Date: 24.October.2005. | ||
http://www.csc.ncsu.edu/faculty/healey/PP/index.html#Tri_Cog_Psych:80 | http://www.csc.ncsu.edu/faculty/healey/PP/index.html#Tri_Cog_Psych:80 | ||
[ | [Chipman, 1996], Gene Chipman – Rewiev of High Speed Visual Estimation Using Preattantive Processing (Healy, Booth and Enns) – 1996 – Access Date: 24.October.2005. | ||
http://www.cs.umd.edu/class/spring2002/cmsc838f/preattentive.ppt#267 | |||
http://www.cs.umd.edu/class/spring2002/cmsc838f/preattentive.ppt# | |||
Revision as of 15:44, 31 October 2005
Preattentive Processing
- Definition
Preattentive Features
A partial list of preattentive visual features, together with references to research that showed they were preattentive.[Chipman, 1996],
Detecting the Red Object preattentively.[Healey-Enns, 1996]
Detecting the Circle preattentively.[Chipman, 1996]
Examples of two target detection tasks: (a) target can be detected preattentively because it possess the feature “filled”;
(b) target cannot be detected preattentively because it has no visual feature that is unique from its distractors.[Healey-Enns, 1996]
Region segregation by form and hue: (a) hue boundary is identified preattentively, even though form varies randomly
in the two regions; (b) random hue variations interfere with the identification of a region boundary based on form.[Healey-Enns, 1996]
- Conclusion
Any visual processing of that item prior to the act of selection can be called “preattentive”.[Wolfe-Treisma, 2003]
Preattentive processing can help to rapidly draw the focus of attention to a target with a unique visual feature (i.e., little or no searching is required in the preattentive case). [Healey, 2005]
- Ressources
[Kosara-Miksch-Hauser, 2002],Robert Kosara, Silvia Miksch, Helwig Hauser - Focus+Context Taken Literally - Vienna University of Technolog, VRVis Research Center, Austria - Access Date: 24.October.2005.
http://www.kosara.net/papers/Kosara_CGA_2002.pdf
[Healey-Enns, 1996], Christopher G. Healey, Kellog S. Booth and James T. Enns - High-Speed Visual Estimation Using Preattentive Processing - The University of British Columbia, June 1996 - Access Date: 24.October.2005. http://www.csc.ncsu.edu/faculty/healey/download/tochi.96.pdf
[Wolfe-Treisma, 2003], Jeremy M Wolfe, Anne Treisma,- What shall we do with the preattentive processing stage: Use it or lose it? - Todd S Horowitz poster presented at the Third Annual Meeting of the Vision Sciences Society, Sarasota, FL May, 2003 - Access Date: 24.October.2005 http://search.bwh.harvard.edu/links/talks/VSS03-JMW.pdf
[Healey, 2005], Christopher G. Healey – Perception in Visualization - Department of Computer Science, North Carolina State University – May.2005 - Access Date: 24.October.2005. http://www.csc.ncsu.edu/faculty/healey/PP/index.html#Tri_Cog_Psych:80
[Chipman, 1996], Gene Chipman – Rewiev of High Speed Visual Estimation Using Preattantive Processing (Healy, Booth and Enns) – 1996 – Access Date: 24.October.2005. http://www.cs.umd.edu/class/spring2002/cmsc838f/preattentive.ppt#267