Teaching:TUW - UE InfoVis WS 2007/08 - Gruppe 02 - Aufgabe 1 - History

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With respect to the "Visual Information-Seeking Mantra"

History is one of the seven interactive tasks a user wants to perform according to Ben Shneiderman's Visual Information-Seeking Mantra.

The 7 interactive tasks users wish to perform:

  • Overview: Gain an overview of the entire collection.
  • Zoom : Zoom in on items of interest
  • Filter: filter out uninteresting items.
  • Details-on-demand: Select an item or group and get details when needed.
  • Relate: View relationships among items.
  • History: Keep a history of actions to support undo, replay, and progressive refinement.
  • Extract: Allow extraction of sub-collections and of the query parameters.


Information seeking and presenting it to "the user" is a process which is tightly cupled to the end consumer of the data and his needs.

At first, data is gathered then selected by wanted criteria, the search result is observed, items of special interest are inspected more closely.

...People used their prior knowledge to interpret search results. When interfaces provide affordances to organize search results even when the organizing structure is not optimal for the task users adapt their tactics to take advantage of their knowledge. Users also appeared to become more familiar with the hierarchy over the course of the experiment, suggesting a learning effect that would be beneficial in successive searches.

Bill Kules and Ben Shneiderman [1]

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Learning is a repetetive process including prior experiences and knowledge.

Successful learning includes trial and error with the chance to undo your steps , refine and alter your search to be more succesful in the future.

It's the task of the History to store all steps of the searching process, making it possible for the user to change anything at any point of his steps taken to get his results, and restart or review his efforts.
Teaching:TUW - UE InfoVis WS 2007/08 - Gruppe 02 - Aufgabe 1

References[edit]

  • [Kules, Shneiderman 2004] Bill Kules and Ben Shneiderman Categorized graphical overviews for web search results: An exploratory study using U. S. government agencies as a meaningful and stable structure, retrieved at November 9, 2007: [2]
  • [Sahling 2002] Niki Shaling: Visual Information-Seeking retrieved November8, 2007: [3]