Teaching:TUW - UE InfoVis WS 2005/06 - Gruppe G3 - Aufgabe 1 - Preattentive Processing

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Preattentive Processing

Definition
Visualization is so effective and useful because it utilizes one of the channels to our brain that have the highest bandwidths: our eyes. But even this channel can be used more or less efficiently. One special property of our visual system is preattentive processing.[1]
One very interesting result of vision research over the past 20 years has been the discovery of a limited set of visual properties that are processed preattentively (i.e. without the need for focused attention). Typically, tasks that can be performed on large multi-element displays in 200 milliseconds or less are considered preattentive.This is because eye movements take at least 200 milliseconds to initiate. Any perception that is possible within this time frame involves only the information available in a single glimpse. Random placement of the elements in the displays ensures that attention cannot be prefocused on any particular location. Observers report that these tasks can be completed with very little effort.[2]



Preattentive Features

A partial list of preattentive visual features, together with references to research that showed they were preattentive.[5]


Detecting the Red Object preattentively.[2]




Detecting the Circle preattentively.[6]



Region segregation by form and hue: (a) hue boundary is identified preattentively, even though form varies randomly
in the two regions; (b) random hue variations interfere with the identification of a region boundary based on form.[2]



Conclusion

Any visual processing of that item prior to the act of selection can be called “preattentive”.[3]

Preattentive processing can help to rapidly draw the focus of attention to a target with a unique visual feature (i.e., little or no searching is required in the preattentive case). [4]


Ressources


[1]. Robert Kosara, Silvia Miksch, Helwig Hauser - Focus+Context Taken Literally - Vienna University of Technolog, VRVis Research Center, Austria - Access Date: 24.October.2005. http://www.kosara.net/papers/Kosara_CGA_2002.pdf

[2]. Christopher G. Healey, Kellog S. Booth and James T. Enns - High-Speed Visual Estimation Using Preattentive Processing - The University of British Columbia, June 1996 - Access Date: 24.October.2005. http://www.csc.ncsu.edu/faculty/healey/download/tochi.96.pdf

[3]. Jeremy M Wolfe, Anne Treisma,- What shall we do with the preattentive processing stage: Use it or lose it? - Todd S Horowitz poster presented at the Third Annual Meeting of the Vision Sciences Society, Sarasota, FL May, 2003 - Access Date: 24.October.2005 http://search.bwh.harvard.edu/links/talks/VSS03-JMW.pdf

[4]. Christopher G. Healey – Perception in Visualization - Department of Computer Science, North Carolina State University – May.2005 - Access Date: 24.October.2005. http://www.csc.ncsu.edu/faculty/healey/PP/index.html#Tri_Cog_Psych:80

[5]. Gene Chipman – Rewiev of High Speed Visual Estimation Using Preattantive Processing (Healy, Booth and Enns) – 1996 – Access Date: 24.October.2005. http://www.cs.umd.edu/class/spring2002/cmsc838f/preattentive.ppt#267,8,Preattentive Features

6]. Gene Chipman – Rewiev of High Speed Visual Estimation Using Preattantive Processing (Healy, Booth and Enns) – 1996 – Access Date: 24.October.2005. http://www.cs.umd.edu/class/spring2002/cmsc838f/preattentive.ppt#262,6,Detecting