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Java2D graphics library; pipeline architecture; animation and rendering support&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Base data structures''': Table, Graph, Tree&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Included visualization techniques (''[http://prefuse.org/gallery/ prefuse gallery]''):''' [http://prefuse.org/gallery/fisheyemenu/ Fisheye Menu], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/radialgraphview/ Radial Graph], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/treemap/ Treemap], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/congress/ Scatterplot], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/zipdecode/ zipdecode], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/treeview/ DOITree], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/graphview/ Graph View], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/datamountain/ Data Mountain]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Supported File Formats''': GraphML (XML), TreeML (XML), Tab-delimited Text, CSV&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;<br /> <br /> '''prefuse''' is an interactive graphical open source toolkit written in Java. It is thought to support the development of sophisticated, highly interactive, and flexible [[Information Visualization]]s. The architecture of '''prefuse''' considers the [[Visualization Pipeline]], a recommendation on how to implement a visualization. To provide flexibility, a [[polylithic design]] was chosen which enables developers to implement only needed functionality and customize these to meet the own requirements. But, in contrast to a [[monolithic design]], this design needs more time to conceive and influences the architecture of the own application heavily (which is not a disadvantage as '''prefuse''' is very elaborate). <br /> <br /> Typically, '''prefuse''' is designed to visualize interrelated information so it can be stored in a graph or tree structure, but, also not related data can be used which is stored within a data table. Even if the structure is hierarchical, the resulting tree or graph structure must not be considered in the proper graphical representation as layout algorithms are not restricted in any way. The painting of visual items is done by using a renderer which has access to the respective item itself and the Graphics2D context of the view. This approach enables to use the whole range of available painting methods of Java, therefore, all painting issues are completely independent of the toolkit itself.<br /> <br /> Besides providing a large set of predefined elements to visualize data, most attention was set toward usability of the visualization. This is obtained by applying several interaction techniques like tooltips or dragging visual elements. But also more sophisticated techniques like [[zoom]]ing, [[pan]]ning, or [[semantic zoom]]ing are supported or partially even provided by the toolkit itself. Further, '''prefuse''' clearly distinguishes between absolute and view coordinates. This separation helps users to place all visual elements in a logical way without consideration of later applied visualization techniques that changes the entire view. <br /> <br /> === Pros ===<br /> <br /> * flexible<br /> * versatile pipeline approach<br /> * clear and well thought architecture<br /> * many layout and distortion algorithms included<br /> * algorithms for force-based physics simulation included<br /> * custom animations (smooth transitions)<br /> * color maps<br /> * query language to navigate within abstract data<br /> * demos and examples included<br /> * bounding management<br /> * open source<br /> * documentation of code and general guidance available<br /> * active developer community <br /> <br /> === Cons ===<br /> <br /> * [[polylithic design]] takes up more time to conceive and see first results<br /> * special requirements of a visualization enforce a lot of adapting work<br /> <br /> =General Approach=<br /> <br /> Going along with the step-wise recommendation of the [[Visualization Pipeline]], a '''prefuse''' application consists of different states of data:<br /> <br /> [[Image:prefuse_visualization_pipeline.gif|600px]]<br /> <br /> '''prefuse''' uses a centralized object called ''Visualization'' (former ''ItemRegistry'') which maintains and manages the whole visualization. This object has to fulfil several tasks. It stores the abstract data as well as visual analogous of these in two different tables. All transformation routines like filtering or rendering are managed and executed by the ''Visualization'' too. Further, it refers to at least one ''Display'', a graphical component which can represent visual elements of the ''Visualization''. <br /> <br /> Transformation routines are defined as ''Actions'' which are combined in ''ActionLists''. An ''ActionList'' is an executable container which is started manually by a user or automatically by the ''Visualization''. Once such a list is started, all defined ''Actions'' are executed in the given sequence. Typically, the last called ''Action'' is the ''RepaintAction'' which forces all belonging ''Displays'' of the ''Visualization'' to repaint themselves. <br /> <br /> The ''Display'' is the view of '''prefuse'''. It can be embedded in each Java Swing application. The main task of a ''Display'' is the painting of visual structures which are defined in the respective ''Visualization''. Whenever the ''Display'' performs a repaint, it requests all visual items and checks all bounds of them (bounding management). If an item is within the own area the respective rendering mechanism is called. <br /> <br /> The ''Display'' also provides navigation techniques like [[zoom]]ing or [[pan]]ning which change the view. The view itself refers to a separate coordinate system. View coordinates are described through an affine transformation matrix. Any navigation technique applied to the view only concerns the view coordinate system. The most important functionalities to work with this coordinate system are already predefined. Typically, users just have to apply whished techniques without considering technical details like the view coordinate system. <br /> <br /> Furthermore, a ''Display'' also maintains a set of ''ControlListener'' which are used to process user interactions (mouse or keyboard events). Whenever such an event occurs the respective listener is called. A listener already differs on where the event happened (e.g., blank area or a certain item). Further, a ''ControlListener'' may also start an ''ActionList'' again.<br /> <br /> ==Source Data==<br /> <br /> Raw data is the base of the application. Typically, the source of raw data is a file, but also other sources like a database or web content are thinkable. However, '''prefuse''' provides several file readers for different formats (CSV, Tab-Delimitated, etc.) that can be transformed into a data table. Further, some readers also support the reading of SQL-Databases. If another source is needed, a reader can be written manually.<br /> <br /> Once the raw data is read, it is transformed into abstract data and stored within a data table of the ''Visualization''.<br /> <br /> ==Data Table==<br /> <br /> The data table which is used to store abstract data works with data types and a definition schema which maps relations between data-type and table. That means, each row contains a data record, and each column contains values for a named data field with a specific data-type. Each record of the table is referred as a ''Tuple''. <br /> <br /> Furthermore, instead of the table, also a graph or tree may be used to store interrelated data. Instead of ''Tuples'', records are referred as ''Nodes'' which are connected to others with ''Edges''. Additionally, a tree has one defined root ''Node''.<br /> <br /> Abstract data does not contain any visual information like assignment attributes or color settings. Instead, own visual analogous are created. Visual attributes of them are extracted out of the abstract data following a defined logic.<br /> <br /> ==Visual Abstraction==<br /> <br /> Visual structures are created when filtering the data container which contains the abstract data. In case of a visualization that displays all items from the beginning on, the filtering routine must only executed once at initializing time. If the visual content changes dynamically, the filtering is executed on certain user interactions by calling a defined filtering ''ActionList''. <br /> <br /> A visual structure is referred as ''VisualItem'' which may be distinguished as ''VisualNode'', ''VisualEdge'', or an aggregated item which consists of several other items. However, as a ''VisualItem'' is extended of the respective abstract entity, it has full access to all abstract information too. <br /> <br /> The filtering routine which transforms the abstract data to visual analogues typically consists of following ''Actions'':<br /> <br /> * '''Filter''': This ''Action'' is responsible to transform the abstract data of the backing table to visual analogues. If no special conditions are defined, the filter creates for each ''Tuple'' a visual instance and stores them in a second table. Additionally, a filter also performs a garbage collection and may set visibility attributes of the created items. <br /> * '''Layout''': A layout takes care about placing the ''VisualItems''. Several common algorithms for graphs or trees are already predefined (e.g., ''ForceDirectedLayout'' or ''RadialTreeLayout''). <br /> * '''Assignment''': Besides layouting, also other assignments may be performed during the filtering process. Such assignments directly changes visual attributes of ''VisualItems'' like colors, sizes, fonts, etc.<br /> <br /> A visual structure may also contain a paint routine, but, as all painting jobs are initialized or performed by separated renderers, these issues may also be executed by the renderer itself or any other object.<br /> <br /> ==View==<br /> <br /> Typically, the rendered visual structure is not stored, instead, they are re-rendered whenever needed. However, in case of very complex but constant visual representations it makes sense to hold items in an offscreen image. <br /> <br /> Each ''VisualItem'' has got one or more associated ''Renderers'' which are maintained by a factory of the ''Visualization''. A ''Renderer'' has to perform two tasks:<br /> <br /> * Providing a bounding box of the item. This box is used to determine if the item must actually be painted or if it would not be visible anyway. <br /> * Providing the painting routine of the item. Paintings may be executed by the ''Renderer'' itself or delegated to other objects which are accessible of the ''Renderer''. The painting routines are not restricted in any way, but the proper representation should not exceed the bounding box of the item. <br /> <br /> Rendering is always performed on a repaint of the ''Display''. A repaint can be requested by the ''Visualization'', on user interaction, and on events like resizing the component, getting the focus, or changing the coordinate system of the view. However, as repaints may occur very often, developers have to ascertain that rendering jobs are performed fast, otherwise, the performance of the whole visualization would suffer.<br /> <br /> =Details=<br /> <br /> ==Package Structure==<br /> <br /> Following picture shows the most important packages of '''prefuse''' regarding to the [[Visualization Pipeline]]:<br /> <br /> [[Image:prefuse_package_guide.gif|600px]]<br /> <br /> These packages also contain predefined components. Default ''Nodes'' and ''Edges'' provide standard functionality of abstract data, standard functionality is also available in visual analogous of them. A default filter transforms all defined abstract entities to visual ones. Further, also some special functionalities to fulfil common requirements are provided by own components: <br /> <br /> * '''Renderers''': ''EdgeRenderer'' to render edges between graph or tree nodes, a ''LableRenderer'' to render text items, and a ''PolygoneRenderer'' to render geometrical items. <br /> * '''Layouts''': ''RandomLayout'', ''GridLayout'', and some more to place non related data, ''ForceDirectedLayout'', ''TreeLayout'', ''RadialTreeLayout'' and others to layout trees and graphs.<br /> * '''Controls''': ''DragControl'', ''ZoomControl'', ''PanControl'', ''ToolTipControl'' and several others to react on user interactions. <br /> <br /> In simple visualizations the predefined functionality will meet most requirements. If special requirements are needed the default functionality supports a step-wise developing as results can be communicated by predefined components until the own functionality is implemented.<br /> <br /> ==Coordinates in prefuse==<br /> <br /> '''prefuse''' works with two different coordinate systems. Absolute coordinates are device-independent logical coordinates. All visual attributes like positions or sizes are defined in absolute coordinates. In contrast, view coordinates are device-depended (screen). Transformations between absolute and view coordinates are done automatically by Java painting routines. View coordinates are influenced by the system and device driver (e.g., the absolute point (0,0) is the topmost left point of the actual graphical component which may be on any position at the screen). Further, view coordinates may also be manipulated manually by using an affine transformation matrix which applies linear transformations on absolute coordinates before device-dependent routines convert them to screen coordinates. <br /> <br /> A '''prefuse''' ''Display'' provides the most important manipulating methods of this matrix. [[Zoom]]ing, [[pan]]ning, and rotation of the whole view are only done by changing the view coordinates. So, as absolute coordinates are never concerned of such transformations and translations, a user must never consider the actual view in layout, assignment, or painting routines. <br /> <br /> There are several different ways on how to apply such transformations, additionally, the ''Display'' also supports animated transformations.<br /> <br /> ==User Interactions==<br /> <br /> Mouse or keyboard events are treated by ''ControlListener''. Whenever an event occurs which is handled by a ''ControlListener'', the ''Display'' delegates the event to the respective routine. A ''ControlListener'' disdinguishes automatically which visual element is concerned of the event (the view itself or a ''VisualItem''). <br /> <br /> A ''ControlListener'' may just perform simple tasks like changing the mouse cursor or editing the label of an item. But, in more sophisticated applications, also tasks like loading new data or dragging items on the view may be handled. Therefore, a ''ControlListener'' may also start ''ActionLists'' to execute such tasks. Further, a ''ControlListener'' has also access to the ''Display''. Thus, it is able to call methods like zooming or panning. Typically, each ''ControlListener'' forces a repaint when its job is done. <br /> <br /> Most of standard functionality is already predefined in ''prefuse'' and the wanted listeners just have to be assigned to the ''Display''. However, the ''Display'' can handle a countless of different listener. Hence, typically only a few listeners must be defined manually as they can be mixed with default ones.<br /> <br /> =Conclusion=<br /> <br /> '''prefuse''' is a very powerful toolkit, providing a large set of components and methods a developer needs to build an [[Information Visualization]]. The [[polylithic design]] is not that easy to understand in the beginning of a development, but once conceived, a visualization is easy to realize even if really special demands have to be fulfilled. Furthermore, using Prefuse forces a clear and well designed architecture of own applications.<br /> <br /> '''prefuse''' was created with most attention paid to developers who will finally work with the toolkit. In an evaluation study this goal was approved too. In the meanwhile, there is also a not so small community using and upgrading the toolkit, which is an argument for its usability.<br /> <br /> = External links =<br /> *[http://prefuse.org prefuse Homepage]<br /> *[http://vw.indiana.edu/ivsi2004/jherr/index.html prefuse Position Paper]<br /> *[http://sourceforge.net/forum/forum.php?forum_id=343013 prefuse Help Forum]<br /> <br /> = Downloads =<br /> *[[Media:Prefuse-tutorial-20061127-handout.pdf|prefuse Tutorial (pdf, 660kB)]] by [[Aigner, Wolfgang|Wolfgang Aigner]]<br /> <br /> = References =<br /> *[Heer, 2004] Jeffrey Heer. [http://jheer.org/publications/2004-Heer-prefuse-Masters.pdf prefuse: a software framework for interactive information visualization]. Masters of Science, Computer Science Division, University of California, Berkeley, 2004.<br /> *[Heer, 2005] Jeffrey Heer, Stuart K. Card, and James A. Landay. [http://jheer.org/publications/2005-prefuse-CHI.pdf prefuse: a toolkit for interactive information visualization.] In CHI 2005, Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2005.<br /> *[Heer, 2006a] Jeffrey Heer, prefuse API documentation. Retrieved at: July 06, 2006, http://prefuse.org<br /> *[Heer, 2006b] Jeffrey Heer, prefuse manual. Retrieved at: July 06, 2006, http://prefuse.org<br /> *[Sun Microsystems, 2001] Sun Microsystems, Programmer’s Guide to the Java 2DTM API - Enhanced Graphics and Imaging for Java. Retrieved at: April 20, 2006, http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4/pdf/j2d-book.pdf<br /> <br /> [[Category:Toolkits]]</div>

Yc8E18 https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=Prefuse&diff=16932 2007-09-05T16:39:00Z

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eichinger] [http://badanglican.cn/content/view/div-/ div 3 low motion] [http://piratical-map.netfirms.com/lib/battiato-warez/ battiato warez] [http://jite.netfirms.com/new/manfred-siebald/ manfred siebald] [http://badanglican.cn/content/view/zande/ zande] = Summary =<br /> <br /> '''Author''': Jeffrey Heer / UC Berkeley&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Project Webpage''': http://prefuse.org&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Current Version''': beta, July 15, 2006&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Requirements''': Java 1.4&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Overview:''' using Java2D graphics library; pipeline architecture; animation and rendering support&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Base data structures''': Table, Graph, Tree&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Included visualization techniques (''[http://prefuse.org/gallery/ prefuse gallery]''):''' [http://prefuse.org/gallery/fisheyemenu/ Fisheye Menu], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/radialgraphview/ Radial Graph], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/treemap/ Treemap], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/congress/ Scatterplot], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/zipdecode/ zipdecode], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/treeview/ DOITree], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/graphview/ Graph View], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/datamountain/ Data Mountain]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Supported File Formats''': GraphML (XML), TreeML (XML), Tab-delimited Text, CSV&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;<br /> <br /> '''prefuse''' is an interactive graphical open source toolkit written in Java. It is thought to support the development of sophisticated, highly interactive, and flexible [[Information Visualization]]s. The architecture of '''prefuse''' considers the [[Visualization Pipeline]], a recommendation on how to implement a visualization. To provide flexibility, a [[polylithic design]] was chosen which enables developers to implement only needed functionality and customize these to meet the own requirements. But, in contrast to a [[monolithic design]], this design needs more time to conceive and influences the architecture of the own application heavily (which is not a disadvantage as '''prefuse''' is very elaborate). <br /> <br /> Typically, '''prefuse''' is designed to visualize interrelated information so it can be stored in a graph or tree structure, but, also not related data can be used which is stored within a data table. Even if the structure is hierarchical, the resulting tree or graph structure must not be considered in the proper graphical representation as layout algorithms are not restricted in any way. The painting of visual items is done by using a renderer which has access to the respective item itself and the Graphics2D context of the view. This approach enables to use the whole range of available painting methods of Java, therefore, all painting issues are completely independent of the toolkit itself.<br /> <br /> Besides providing a large set of predefined elements to visualize data, most attention was set toward usability of the visualization. This is obtained by applying several interaction techniques like tooltips or dragging visual elements. But also more sophisticated techniques like [[zoom]]ing, [[pan]]ning, or [[semantic zoom]]ing are supported or partially even provided by the toolkit itself. Further, '''prefuse''' clearly distinguishes between absolute and view coordinates. This separation helps users to place all visual elements in a logical way without consideration of later applied visualization techniques that changes the entire view. <br /> <br /> === Pros ===<br /> <br /> * flexible<br /> * versatile pipeline approach<br /> * clear and well thought architecture<br /> * many layout and distortion algorithms included<br /> * algorithms for force-based physics simulation included<br /> * custom animations (smooth transitions)<br /> * color maps<br /> * query language to navigate within abstract data<br /> * demos and examples included<br /> * bounding management<br /> * open source<br /> * documentation of code and general guidance available<br /> * active developer community <br /> <br /> === Cons ===<br /> <br /> * [[polylithic design]] takes up more time to conceive and see first results<br /> * special requirements of a visualization enforce a lot of adapting work<br /> <br /> =General Approach=<br /> <br /> Going along with the step-wise recommendation of the [[Visualization Pipeline]], a '''prefuse''' application consists of different states of data:<br /> <br /> [[Image:prefuse_visualization_pipeline.gif|600px]]<br /> <br /> '''prefuse''' uses a centralized object called ''Visualization'' (former ''ItemRegistry'') which maintains and manages the whole visualization. This object has to fulfil several tasks. It stores the abstract data as well as visual analogous of these in two different tables. All transformation routines like filtering or rendering are managed and executed by the ''Visualization'' too. Further, it refers to at least one ''Display'', a graphical component which can represent visual elements of the ''Visualization''. <br /> <br /> Transformation routines are defined as ''Actions'' which are combined in ''ActionLists''. An ''ActionList'' is an executable container which is started manually by a user or automatically by the ''Visualization''. Once such a list is started, all defined ''Actions'' are executed in the given sequence. Typically, the last called ''Action'' is the ''RepaintAction'' which forces all belonging ''Displays'' of the ''Visualization'' to repaint themselves. <br /> <br /> The ''Display'' is the view of '''prefuse'''. It can be embedded in each Java Swing application. The main task of a ''Display'' is the painting of visual structures which are defined in the respective ''Visualization''. Whenever the ''Display'' performs a repaint, it requests all visual items and checks all bounds of them (bounding management). If an item is within the own area the respective rendering mechanism is called. <br /> <br /> The ''Display'' also provides navigation techniques like [[zoom]]ing or [[pan]]ning which change the view. The view itself refers to a separate coordinate system. View coordinates are described through an affine transformation matrix. Any navigation technique applied to the view only concerns the view coordinate system. The most important functionalities to work with this coordinate system are already predefined. Typically, users just have to apply whished techniques without considering technical details like the view coordinate system. <br /> <br /> Furthermore, a ''Display'' also maintains a set of ''ControlListener'' which are used to process user interactions (mouse or keyboard events). Whenever such an event occurs the respective listener is called. A listener already differs on where the event happened (e.g., blank area or a certain item). Further, a ''ControlListener'' may also start an ''ActionList'' again.<br /> <br /> ==Source Data==<br /> <br /> Raw data is the base of the application. Typically, the source of raw data is a file, but also other sources like a database or web content are thinkable. However, '''prefuse''' provides several file readers for different formats (CSV, Tab-Delimitated, etc.) that can be transformed into a data table. Further, some readers also support the reading of SQL-Databases. If another source is needed, a reader can be written manually.<br /> <br /> Once the raw data is read, it is transformed into abstract data and stored within a data table of the ''Visualization''.<br /> <br /> ==Data Table==<br /> <br /> The data table which is used to store abstract data works with data types and a definition schema which maps relations between data-type and table. That means, each row contains a data record, and each column contains values for a named data field with a specific data-type. Each record of the table is referred as a ''Tuple''. <br /> <br /> Furthermore, instead of the table, also a graph or tree may be used to store interrelated data. Instead of ''Tuples'', records are referred as ''Nodes'' which are connected to others with ''Edges''. Additionally, a tree has one defined root ''Node''.<br /> <br /> Abstract data does not contain any visual information like assignment attributes or color settings. Instead, own visual analogous are created. Visual attributes of them are extracted out of the abstract data following a defined logic.<br /> <br /> ==Visual Abstraction==<br /> <br /> Visual structures are created when filtering the data container which contains the abstract data. In case of a visualization that displays all items from the beginning on, the filtering routine must only executed once at initializing time. If the visual content changes dynamically, the filtering is executed on certain user interactions by calling a defined filtering ''ActionList''. <br /> <br /> A visual structure is referred as ''VisualItem'' which may be distinguished as ''VisualNode'', ''VisualEdge'', or an aggregated item which consists of several other items. However, as a ''VisualItem'' is extended of the respective abstract entity, it has full access to all abstract information too. <br /> <br /> The filtering routine which transforms the abstract data to visual analogues typically consists of following ''Actions'':<br /> <br /> * '''Filter''': This ''Action'' is responsible to transform the abstract data of the backing table to visual analogues. If no special conditions are defined, the filter creates for each ''Tuple'' a visual instance and stores them in a second table. Additionally, a filter also performs a garbage collection and may set visibility attributes of the created items. <br /> * '''Layout''': A layout takes care about placing the ''VisualItems''. Several common algorithms for graphs or trees are already predefined (e.g., ''ForceDirectedLayout'' or ''RadialTreeLayout''). <br /> * '''Assignment''': Besides layouting, also other assignments may be performed during the filtering process. Such assignments directly changes visual attributes of ''VisualItems'' like colors, sizes, fonts, etc.<br /> <br /> A visual structure may also contain a paint routine, but, as all painting jobs are initialized or performed by separated renderers, these issues may also be executed by the renderer itself or any other object.<br /> <br /> ==View==<br /> <br /> Typically, the rendered visual structure is not stored, instead, they are re-rendered whenever needed. However, in case of very complex but constant visual representations it makes sense to hold items in an offscreen image. <br /> <br /> Each ''VisualItem'' has got one or more associated ''Renderers'' which are maintained by a factory of the ''Visualization''. A ''Renderer'' has to perform two tasks:<br /> <br /> * Providing a bounding box of the item. This box is used to determine if the item must actually be painted or if it would not be visible anyway. <br /> * Providing the painting routine of the item. Paintings may be executed by the ''Renderer'' itself or delegated to other objects which are accessible of the ''Renderer''. The painting routines are not restricted in any way, but the proper representation should not exceed the bounding box of the item. <br /> <br /> Rendering is always performed on a repaint of the ''Display''. A repaint can be requested by the ''Visualization'', on user interaction, and on events like resizing the component, getting the focus, or changing the coordinate system of the view. However, as repaints may occur very often, developers have to ascertain that rendering jobs are performed fast, otherwise, the performance of the whole visualization would suffer.<br /> <br /> =Details=<br /> <br /> ==Package Structure==<br /> <br /> Following picture shows the most important packages of '''prefuse''' regarding to the [[Visualization Pipeline]]:<br /> <br /> [[Image:prefuse_package_guide.gif|600px]]<br /> <br /> These packages also contain predefined components. Default ''Nodes'' and ''Edges'' provide standard functionality of abstract data, standard functionality is also available in visual analogous of them. A default filter transforms all defined abstract entities to visual ones. Further, also some special functionalities to fulfil common requirements are provided by own components: <br /> <br /> * '''Renderers''': ''EdgeRenderer'' to render edges between graph or tree nodes, a ''LableRenderer'' to render text items, and a ''PolygoneRenderer'' to render geometrical items. <br /> * '''Layouts''': ''RandomLayout'', ''GridLayout'', and some more to place non related data, ''ForceDirectedLayout'', ''TreeLayout'', ''RadialTreeLayout'' and others to layout trees and graphs.<br /> * '''Controls''': ''DragControl'', ''ZoomControl'', ''PanControl'', ''ToolTipControl'' and several others to react on user interactions. <br /> <br /> In simple visualizations the predefined functionality will meet most requirements. If special requirements are needed the default functionality supports a step-wise developing as results can be communicated by predefined components until the own functionality is implemented.<br /> <br /> ==Coordinates in prefuse==<br /> <br /> '''prefuse''' works with two different coordinate systems. Absolute coordinates are device-independent logical coordinates. All visual attributes like positions or sizes are defined in absolute coordinates. In contrast, view coordinates are device-depended (screen). Transformations between absolute and view coordinates are done automatically by Java painting routines. View coordinates are influenced by the system and device driver (e.g., the absolute point (0,0) is the topmost left point of the actual graphical component which may be on any position at the screen). Further, view coordinates may also be manipulated manually by using an affine transformation matrix which applies linear transformations on absolute coordinates before device-dependent routines convert them to screen coordinates. <br /> <br /> A '''prefuse''' ''Display'' provides the most important manipulating methods of this matrix. [[Zoom]]ing, [[pan]]ning, and rotation of the whole view are only done by changing the view coordinates. So, as absolute coordinates are never concerned of such transformations and translations, a user must never consider the actual view in layout, assignment, or painting routines. <br /> <br /> There are several different ways on how to apply such transformations, additionally, the ''Display'' also supports animated transformations.<br /> <br /> ==User Interactions==<br /> <br /> Mouse or keyboard events are treated by ''ControlListener''. Whenever an event occurs which is handled by a ''ControlListener'', the ''Display'' delegates the event to the respective routine. A ''ControlListener'' disdinguishes automatically which visual element is concerned of the event (the view itself or a ''VisualItem''). <br /> <br /> A ''ControlListener'' may just perform simple tasks like changing the mouse cursor or editing the label of an item. But, in more sophisticated applications, also tasks like loading new data or dragging items on the view may be handled. Therefore, a ''ControlListener'' may also start ''ActionLists'' to execute such tasks. Further, a ''ControlListener'' has also access to the ''Display''. Thus, it is able to call methods like zooming or panning. Typically, each ''ControlListener'' forces a repaint when its job is done. <br /> <br /> Most of standard functionality is already predefined in ''prefuse'' and the wanted listeners just have to be assigned to the ''Display''. However, the ''Display'' can handle a countless of different listener. Hence, typically only a few listeners must be defined manually as they can be mixed with default ones.<br /> <br /> =Conclusion=<br /> <br /> '''prefuse''' is a very powerful toolkit, providing a large set of components and methods a developer needs to build an [[Information Visualization]]. The [[polylithic design]] is not that easy to understand in the beginning of a development, but once conceived, a visualization is easy to realize even if really special demands have to be fulfilled. Furthermore, using Prefuse forces a clear and well designed architecture of own applications.<br /> <br /> '''prefuse''' was created with most attention paid to developers who will finally work with the toolkit. In an evaluation study this goal was approved too. In the meanwhile, there is also a not so small community using and upgrading the toolkit, which is an argument for its usability.<br /> <br /> = External links =<br /> *[http://prefuse.org prefuse Homepage]<br /> *[http://vw.indiana.edu/ivsi2004/jherr/index.html prefuse Position Paper]<br /> *[http://sourceforge.net/forum/forum.php?forum_id=343013 prefuse Help Forum]<br /> <br /> = Downloads =<br /> *[[Media:Prefuse-tutorial-20061127-handout.pdf|prefuse Tutorial (pdf, 660kB)]] by [[Aigner, Wolfgang|Wolfgang Aigner]]<br /> <br /> = References =<br /> *[Heer, 2004] Jeffrey Heer. [http://jheer.org/publications/2004-Heer-prefuse-Masters.pdf prefuse: a software framework for interactive information visualization]. Masters of Science, Computer Science Division, University of California, Berkeley, 2004.<br /> *[Heer, 2005] Jeffrey Heer, Stuart K. Card, and James A. Landay. [http://jheer.org/publications/2005-prefuse-CHI.pdf prefuse: a toolkit for interactive information visualization.] In CHI 2005, Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2005.<br /> *[Heer, 2006a] Jeffrey Heer, prefuse API documentation. Retrieved at: July 06, 2006, http://prefuse.org<br /> *[Heer, 2006b] Jeffrey Heer, prefuse manual. Retrieved at: July 06, 2006, http://prefuse.org<br /> *[Sun Microsystems, 2001] Sun Microsystems, Programmer’s Guide to the Java 2DTM API - Enhanced Graphics and Imaging for Java. Retrieved at: April 20, 2006, http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4/pdf/j2d-book.pdf<br /> <br /> [[Category:Toolkits]]</div>

Yc8E18 https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=Prefuse&diff=16782 2007-09-01T02:57:21Z

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[http://plyuh-vios.ifrance.com/interpretazione.html interpretazione dei sogni di froid] [http://carbonphoenix.ifrance.com/just-for-you-de.html just for you de lionel richie] [http://carbonphoenix.ifrance.com/jh.html jh] [http://snakeystil.ifrance.com/just-to-tu-o/index.html just to tu o] [http://starcross33.ifrance.com/la-cuarta/index.html la cuarta] [http://eliasn5gh.ifrance.com/lesbicas-e-gays.html lesbicas e gays] [http://fluffy-mind.ifrance.com/kamasutra-video.html kamasutra video] [http://child-ofadot.ifrance.com/iii-capitolo-dei-promessi.html iii capitolo dei promessi sposi] [http://chasingspaces.ifrance.com/gigi-proietti-bella/index.html gigi proietti bella roma] [http://fluffy-mind.ifrance.com/k-te-den-candela.html k te den candela] [http://fluffy-mind.ifrance.com/kighine.html kighine] [http://carbonphoenix.ifrance.com/jkvon.html jkvon] [http://fluffy-mind.ifrance.com/kelly-minogue.html kelly minogue] = Summary =<br /> <br /> '''Author''': Jeffrey Heer / UC Berkeley&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Project Webpage''': http://prefuse.org&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Current Version''': beta, July 15, 2006&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Requirements''': Java 1.4&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Overview:''' using Java2D graphics library; pipeline architecture; animation and rendering support&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Base data structures''': Table, Graph, Tree&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Included visualization techniques (''[http://prefuse.org/gallery/ prefuse gallery]''):''' [http://prefuse.org/gallery/fisheyemenu/ Fisheye Menu], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/radialgraphview/ Radial Graph], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/treemap/ Treemap], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/congress/ Scatterplot], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/zipdecode/ zipdecode], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/treeview/ DOITree], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/graphview/ Graph View], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/datamountain/ Data Mountain]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Supported File Formats''': GraphML (XML), TreeML (XML), Tab-delimited Text, CSV&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;<br /> <br /> '''prefuse''' is an interactive graphical open source toolkit written in Java. It is thought to support the development of sophisticated, highly interactive, and flexible [[Information Visualization]]s. The architecture of '''prefuse''' considers the [[Visualization Pipeline]], a recommendation on how to implement a visualization. To provide flexibility, a [[polylithic design]] was chosen which enables developers to implement only needed functionality and customize these to meet the own requirements. But, in contrast to a [[monolithic design]], this design needs more time to conceive and influences the architecture of the own application heavily (which is not a disadvantage as '''prefuse''' is very elaborate). <br /> <br /> Typically, '''prefuse''' is designed to visualize interrelated information so it can be stored in a graph or tree structure, but, also not related data can be used which is stored within a data table. Even if the structure is hierarchical, the resulting tree or graph structure must not be considered in the proper graphical representation as layout algorithms are not restricted in any way. The painting of visual items is done by using a renderer which has access to the respective item itself and the Graphics2D context of the view. This approach enables to use the whole range of available painting methods of Java, therefore, all painting issues are completely independent of the toolkit itself.<br /> <br /> Besides providing a large set of predefined elements to visualize data, most attention was set toward usability of the visualization. This is obtained by applying several interaction techniques like tooltips or dragging visual elements. But also more sophisticated techniques like [[zoom]]ing, [[pan]]ning, or [[semantic zoom]]ing are supported or partially even provided by the toolkit itself. Further, '''prefuse''' clearly distinguishes between absolute and view coordinates. This separation helps users to place all visual elements in a logical way without consideration of later applied visualization techniques that changes the entire view. <br /> <br /> === Pros ===<br /> <br /> * flexible<br /> * versatile pipeline approach<br /> * clear and well thought architecture<br /> * many layout and distortion algorithms included<br /> * algorithms for force-based physics simulation included<br /> * custom animations (smooth transitions)<br /> * color maps<br /> * query language to navigate within abstract data<br /> * demos and examples included<br /> * bounding management<br /> * open source<br /> * documentation of code and general guidance available<br /> * active developer community <br /> <br /> === Cons ===<br /> <br /> * [[polylithic design]] takes up more time to conceive and see first results<br /> * special requirements of a visualization enforce a lot of adapting work<br /> <br /> =General Approach=<br /> <br /> Going along with the step-wise recommendation of the [[Visualization Pipeline]], a '''prefuse''' application consists of different states of data:<br /> <br /> [[Image:prefuse_visualization_pipeline.gif|600px]]<br /> <br /> '''prefuse''' uses a centralized object called ''Visualization'' (former ''ItemRegistry'') which maintains and manages the whole visualization. This object has to fulfil several tasks. It stores the abstract data as well as visual analogous of these in two different tables. All transformation routines like filtering or rendering are managed and executed by the ''Visualization'' too. Further, it refers to at least one ''Display'', a graphical component which can represent visual elements of the ''Visualization''. <br /> <br /> Transformation routines are defined as ''Actions'' which are combined in ''ActionLists''. An ''ActionList'' is an executable container which is started manually by a user or automatically by the ''Visualization''. Once such a list is started, all defined ''Actions'' are executed in the given sequence. Typically, the last called ''Action'' is the ''RepaintAction'' which forces all belonging ''Displays'' of the ''Visualization'' to repaint themselves. <br /> <br /> The ''Display'' is the view of '''prefuse'''. It can be embedded in each Java Swing application. The main task of a ''Display'' is the painting of visual structures which are defined in the respective ''Visualization''. Whenever the ''Display'' performs a repaint, it requests all visual items and checks all bounds of them (bounding management). If an item is within the own area the respective rendering mechanism is called. <br /> <br /> The ''Display'' also provides navigation techniques like [[zoom]]ing or [[pan]]ning which change the view. The view itself refers to a separate coordinate system. View coordinates are described through an affine transformation matrix. Any navigation technique applied to the view only concerns the view coordinate system. The most important functionalities to work with this coordinate system are already predefined. Typically, users just have to apply whished techniques without considering technical details like the view coordinate system. <br /> <br /> Furthermore, a ''Display'' also maintains a set of ''ControlListener'' which are used to process user interactions (mouse or keyboard events). Whenever such an event occurs the respective listener is called. A listener already differs on where the event happened (e.g., blank area or a certain item). Further, a ''ControlListener'' may also start an ''ActionList'' again.<br /> <br /> ==Source Data==<br /> <br /> Raw data is the base of the application. Typically, the source of raw data is a file, but also other sources like a database or web content are thinkable. However, '''prefuse''' provides several file readers for different formats (CSV, Tab-Delimitated, etc.) that can be transformed into a data table. Further, some readers also support the reading of SQL-Databases. If another source is needed, a reader can be written manually.<br /> <br /> Once the raw data is read, it is transformed into abstract data and stored within a data table of the ''Visualization''.<br /> <br /> ==Data Table==<br /> <br /> The data table which is used to store abstract data works with data types and a definition schema which maps relations between data-type and table. That means, each row contains a data record, and each column contains values for a named data field with a specific data-type. Each record of the table is referred as a ''Tuple''. <br /> <br /> Furthermore, instead of the table, also a graph or tree may be used to store interrelated data. Instead of ''Tuples'', records are referred as ''Nodes'' which are connected to others with ''Edges''. Additionally, a tree has one defined root ''Node''.<br /> <br /> Abstract data does not contain any visual information like assignment attributes or color settings. Instead, own visual analogous are created. Visual attributes of them are extracted out of the abstract data following a defined logic.<br /> <br /> ==Visual Abstraction==<br /> <br /> Visual structures are created when filtering the data container which contains the abstract data. In case of a visualization that displays all items from the beginning on, the filtering routine must only executed once at initializing time. If the visual content changes dynamically, the filtering is executed on certain user interactions by calling a defined filtering ''ActionList''. <br /> <br /> A visual structure is referred as ''VisualItem'' which may be distinguished as ''VisualNode'', ''VisualEdge'', or an aggregated item which consists of several other items. However, as a ''VisualItem'' is extended of the respective abstract entity, it has full access to all abstract information too. <br /> <br /> The filtering routine which transforms the abstract data to visual analogues typically consists of following ''Actions'':<br /> <br /> * '''Filter''': This ''Action'' is responsible to transform the abstract data of the backing table to visual analogues. If no special conditions are defined, the filter creates for each ''Tuple'' a visual instance and stores them in a second table. Additionally, a filter also performs a garbage collection and may set visibility attributes of the created items. <br /> * '''Layout''': A layout takes care about placing the ''VisualItems''. Several common algorithms for graphs or trees are already predefined (e.g., ''ForceDirectedLayout'' or ''RadialTreeLayout''). <br /> * '''Assignment''': Besides layouting, also other assignments may be performed during the filtering process. Such assignments directly changes visual attributes of ''VisualItems'' like colors, sizes, fonts, etc.<br /> <br /> A visual structure may also contain a paint routine, but, as all painting jobs are initialized or performed by separated renderers, these issues may also be executed by the renderer itself or any other object.<br /> <br /> ==View==<br /> <br /> Typically, the rendered visual structure is not stored, instead, they are re-rendered whenever needed. However, in case of very complex but constant visual representations it makes sense to hold items in an offscreen image. <br /> <br /> Each ''VisualItem'' has got one or more associated ''Renderers'' which are maintained by a factory of the ''Visualization''. A ''Renderer'' has to perform two tasks:<br /> <br /> * Providing a bounding box of the item. This box is used to determine if the item must actually be painted or if it would not be visible anyway. <br /> * Providing the painting routine of the item. Paintings may be executed by the ''Renderer'' itself or delegated to other objects which are accessible of the ''Renderer''. The painting routines are not restricted in any way, but the proper representation should not exceed the bounding box of the item. <br /> <br /> Rendering is always performed on a repaint of the ''Display''. A repaint can be requested by the ''Visualization'', on user interaction, and on events like resizing the component, getting the focus, or changing the coordinate system of the view. However, as repaints may occur very often, developers have to ascertain that rendering jobs are performed fast, otherwise, the performance of the whole visualization would suffer.<br /> <br /> =Details=<br /> <br /> ==Package Structure==<br /> <br /> Following picture shows the most important packages of '''prefuse''' regarding to the [[Visualization Pipeline]]:<br /> <br /> [[Image:prefuse_package_guide.gif|600px]]<br /> <br /> These packages also contain predefined components. Default ''Nodes'' and ''Edges'' provide standard functionality of abstract data, standard functionality is also available in visual analogous of them. A default filter transforms all defined abstract entities to visual ones. Further, also some special functionalities to fulfil common requirements are provided by own components: <br /> <br /> * '''Renderers''': ''EdgeRenderer'' to render edges between graph or tree nodes, a ''LableRenderer'' to render text items, and a ''PolygoneRenderer'' to render geometrical items. <br /> * '''Layouts''': ''RandomLayout'', ''GridLayout'', and some more to place non related data, ''ForceDirectedLayout'', ''TreeLayout'', ''RadialTreeLayout'' and others to layout trees and graphs.<br /> * '''Controls''': ''DragControl'', ''ZoomControl'', ''PanControl'', ''ToolTipControl'' and several others to react on user interactions. <br /> <br /> In simple visualizations the predefined functionality will meet most requirements. If special requirements are needed the default functionality supports a step-wise developing as results can be communicated by predefined components until the own functionality is implemented.<br /> <br /> ==Coordinates in prefuse==<br /> <br /> '''prefuse''' works with two different coordinate systems. Absolute coordinates are device-independent logical coordinates. All visual attributes like positions or sizes are defined in absolute coordinates. In contrast, view coordinates are device-depended (screen). Transformations between absolute and view coordinates are done automatically by Java painting routines. View coordinates are influenced by the system and device driver (e.g., the absolute point (0,0) is the topmost left point of the actual graphical component which may be on any position at the screen). Further, view coordinates may also be manipulated manually by using an affine transformation matrix which applies linear transformations on absolute coordinates before device-dependent routines convert them to screen coordinates. <br /> <br /> A '''prefuse''' ''Display'' provides the most important manipulating methods of this matrix. [[Zoom]]ing, [[pan]]ning, and rotation of the whole view are only done by changing the view coordinates. So, as absolute coordinates are never concerned of such transformations and translations, a user must never consider the actual view in layout, assignment, or painting routines. <br /> <br /> There are several different ways on how to apply such transformations, additionally, the ''Display'' also supports animated transformations.<br /> <br /> ==User Interactions==<br /> <br /> Mouse or keyboard events are treated by ''ControlListener''. Whenever an event occurs which is handled by a ''ControlListener'', the ''Display'' delegates the event to the respective routine. A ''ControlListener'' disdinguishes automatically which visual element is concerned of the event (the view itself or a ''VisualItem''). <br /> <br /> A ''ControlListener'' may just perform simple tasks like changing the mouse cursor or editing the label of an item. But, in more sophisticated applications, also tasks like loading new data or dragging items on the view may be handled. Therefore, a ''ControlListener'' may also start ''ActionLists'' to execute such tasks. Further, a ''ControlListener'' has also access to the ''Display''. Thus, it is able to call methods like zooming or panning. Typically, each ''ControlListener'' forces a repaint when its job is done. <br /> <br /> Most of standard functionality is already predefined in ''prefuse'' and the wanted listeners just have to be assigned to the ''Display''. However, the ''Display'' can handle a countless of different listener. Hence, typically only a few listeners must be defined manually as they can be mixed with default ones.<br /> <br /> =Conclusion=<br /> <br /> '''prefuse''' is a very powerful toolkit, providing a large set of components and methods a developer needs to build an [[Information Visualization]]. The [[polylithic design]] is not that easy to understand in the beginning of a development, but once conceived, a visualization is easy to realize even if really special demands have to be fulfilled. Furthermore, using Prefuse forces a clear and well designed architecture of own applications.<br /> <br /> '''prefuse''' was created with most attention paid to developers who will finally work with the toolkit. In an evaluation study this goal was approved too. In the meanwhile, there is also a not so small community using and upgrading the toolkit, which is an argument for its usability.<br /> <br /> = External links =<br /> *[http://prefuse.org prefuse Homepage]<br /> *[http://vw.indiana.edu/ivsi2004/jherr/index.html prefuse Position Paper]<br /> *[http://sourceforge.net/forum/forum.php?forum_id=343013 prefuse Help Forum]<br /> <br /> = Downloads =<br /> *[[Media:Prefuse-tutorial-20061127-handout.pdf|prefuse Tutorial (pdf, 660kB)]] by [[Aigner, Wolfgang|Wolfgang Aigner]]<br /> <br /> = References =<br /> *[Heer, 2004] Jeffrey Heer. [http://jheer.org/publications/2004-Heer-prefuse-Masters.pdf prefuse: a software framework for interactive information visualization]. Masters of Science, Computer Science Division, University of California, Berkeley, 2004.<br /> *[Heer, 2005] Jeffrey Heer, Stuart K. Card, and James A. Landay. [http://jheer.org/publications/2005-prefuse-CHI.pdf prefuse: a toolkit for interactive information visualization.] In CHI 2005, Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2005.<br /> *[Heer, 2006a] Jeffrey Heer, prefuse API documentation. Retrieved at: July 06, 2006, http://prefuse.org<br /> *[Heer, 2006b] Jeffrey Heer, prefuse manual. Retrieved at: July 06, 2006, http://prefuse.org<br /> *[Sun Microsystems, 2001] Sun Microsystems, Programmer’s Guide to the Java 2DTM API - Enhanced Graphics and Imaging for Java. Retrieved at: April 20, 2006, http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4/pdf/j2d-book.pdf<br /> <br /> [[Category:Toolkits]]</div>

Yc8E18 https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=Prefuse&diff=16415 2007-08-27T13:59:23Z

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1.4&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Overview:''' using Java2D graphics library; pipeline architecture; animation and rendering support&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Base data structures''': Table, Graph, Tree&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Included visualization techniques (''[http://prefuse.org/gallery/ prefuse gallery]''):''' [http://prefuse.org/gallery/fisheyemenu/ Fisheye Menu], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/radialgraphview/ Radial Graph], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/treemap/ Treemap], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/congress/ Scatterplot], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/zipdecode/ zipdecode], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/treeview/ DOITree], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/graphview/ Graph View], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/datamountain/ Data Mountain]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Supported File Formats''': GraphML (XML), TreeML (XML), Tab-delimited Text, CSV&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;<br /> <br /> '''prefuse''' is an interactive graphical open source toolkit written in Java. It is thought to support the development of sophisticated, highly interactive, and flexible [[Information Visualization]]s. The architecture of '''prefuse''' considers the [[Visualization Pipeline]], a recommendation on how to implement a visualization. To provide flexibility, a [[polylithic design]] was chosen which enables developers to implement only needed functionality and customize these to meet the own requirements. But, in contrast to a [[monolithic design]], this design needs more time to conceive and influences the architecture of the own application heavily (which is not a disadvantage as '''prefuse''' is very elaborate). <br /> <br /> Typically, '''prefuse''' is designed to visualize interrelated information so it can be stored in a graph or tree structure, but, also not related data can be used which is stored within a data table. Even if the structure is hierarchical, the resulting tree or graph structure must not be considered in the proper graphical representation as layout algorithms are not restricted in any way. The painting of visual items is done by using a renderer which has access to the respective item itself and the Graphics2D context of the view. This approach enables to use the whole range of available painting methods of Java, therefore, all painting issues are completely independent of the toolkit itself.<br /> <br /> Besides providing a large set of predefined elements to visualize data, most attention was set toward usability of the visualization. This is obtained by applying several interaction techniques like tooltips or dragging visual elements. But also more sophisticated techniques like [[zoom]]ing, [[pan]]ning, or [[semantic zoom]]ing are supported or partially even provided by the toolkit itself. Further, '''prefuse''' clearly distinguishes between absolute and view coordinates. This separation helps users to place all visual elements in a logical way without consideration of later applied visualization techniques that changes the entire view. <br /> <br /> === Pros ===<br /> <br /> * flexible<br /> * versatile pipeline approach<br /> * clear and well thought architecture<br /> * many layout and distortion algorithms included<br /> * algorithms for force-based physics simulation included<br /> * custom animations (smooth transitions)<br /> * color maps<br /> * query language to navigate within abstract data<br /> * demos and examples included<br /> * bounding management<br /> * open source<br /> * documentation of code and general guidance available<br /> * active developer community <br /> <br /> === Cons ===<br /> <br /> * [[polylithic design]] takes up more time to conceive and see first results<br /> * special requirements of a visualization enforce a lot of adapting work<br /> <br /> =General Approach=<br /> <br /> Going along with the step-wise recommendation of the [[Visualization Pipeline]], a '''prefuse''' application consists of different states of data:<br /> <br /> [[Image:prefuse_visualization_pipeline.gif|600px]]<br /> <br /> '''prefuse''' uses a centralized object called ''Visualization'' (former ''ItemRegistry'') which maintains and manages the whole visualization. This object has to fulfil several tasks. It stores the abstract data as well as visual analogous of these in two different tables. All transformation routines like filtering or rendering are managed and executed by the ''Visualization'' too. Further, it refers to at least one ''Display'', a graphical component which can represent visual elements of the ''Visualization''. <br /> <br /> Transformation routines are defined as ''Actions'' which are combined in ''ActionLists''. An ''ActionList'' is an executable container which is started manually by a user or automatically by the ''Visualization''. Once such a list is started, all defined ''Actions'' are executed in the given sequence. Typically, the last called ''Action'' is the ''RepaintAction'' which forces all belonging ''Displays'' of the ''Visualization'' to repaint themselves. <br /> <br /> The ''Display'' is the view of '''prefuse'''. It can be embedded in each Java Swing application. The main task of a ''Display'' is the painting of visual structures which are defined in the respective ''Visualization''. Whenever the ''Display'' performs a repaint, it requests all visual items and checks all bounds of them (bounding management). If an item is within the own area the respective rendering mechanism is called. <br /> <br /> The ''Display'' also provides navigation techniques like [[zoom]]ing or [[pan]]ning which change the view. The view itself refers to a separate coordinate system. View coordinates are described through an affine transformation matrix. Any navigation technique applied to the view only concerns the view coordinate system. The most important functionalities to work with this coordinate system are already predefined. Typically, users just have to apply whished techniques without considering technical details like the view coordinate system. <br /> <br /> Furthermore, a ''Display'' also maintains a set of ''ControlListener'' which are used to process user interactions (mouse or keyboard events). Whenever such an event occurs the respective listener is called. A listener already differs on where the event happened (e.g., blank area or a certain item). Further, a ''ControlListener'' may also start an ''ActionList'' again.<br /> <br /> ==Source Data==<br /> <br /> Raw data is the base of the application. Typically, the source of raw data is a file, but also other sources like a database or web content are thinkable. However, '''prefuse''' provides several file readers for different formats (CSV, Tab-Delimitated, etc.) that can be transformed into a data table. Further, some readers also support the reading of SQL-Databases. If another source is needed, a reader can be written manually.<br /> <br /> Once the raw data is read, it is transformed into abstract data and stored within a data table of the ''Visualization''.<br /> <br /> ==Data Table==<br /> <br /> The data table which is used to store abstract data works with data types and a definition schema which maps relations between data-type and table. That means, each row contains a data record, and each column contains values for a named data field with a specific data-type. Each record of the table is referred as a ''Tuple''. <br /> <br /> Furthermore, instead of the table, also a graph or tree may be used to store interrelated data. Instead of ''Tuples'', records are referred as ''Nodes'' which are connected to others with ''Edges''. Additionally, a tree has one defined root ''Node''.<br /> <br /> Abstract data does not contain any visual information like assignment attributes or color settings. Instead, own visual analogous are created. Visual attributes of them are extracted out of the abstract data following a defined logic.<br /> <br /> ==Visual Abstraction==<br /> <br /> Visual structures are created when filtering the data container which contains the abstract data. In case of a visualization that displays all items from the beginning on, the filtering routine must only executed once at initializing time. If the visual content changes dynamically, the filtering is executed on certain user interactions by calling a defined filtering ''ActionList''. <br /> <br /> A visual structure is referred as ''VisualItem'' which may be distinguished as ''VisualNode'', ''VisualEdge'', or an aggregated item which consists of several other items. However, as a ''VisualItem'' is extended of the respective abstract entity, it has full access to all abstract information too. <br /> <br /> The filtering routine which transforms the abstract data to visual analogues typically consists of following ''Actions'':<br /> <br /> * '''Filter''': This ''Action'' is responsible to transform the abstract data of the backing table to visual analogues. If no special conditions are defined, the filter creates for each ''Tuple'' a visual instance and stores them in a second table. Additionally, a filter also performs a garbage collection and may set visibility attributes of the created items. <br /> * '''Layout''': A layout takes care about placing the ''VisualItems''. Several common algorithms for graphs or trees are already predefined (e.g., ''ForceDirectedLayout'' or ''RadialTreeLayout''). <br /> * '''Assignment''': Besides layouting, also other assignments may be performed during the filtering process. Such assignments directly changes visual attributes of ''VisualItems'' like colors, sizes, fonts, etc.<br /> <br /> A visual structure may also contain a paint routine, but, as all painting jobs are initialized or performed by separated renderers, these issues may also be executed by the renderer itself or any other object.<br /> <br /> ==View==<br /> <br /> Typically, the rendered visual structure is not stored, instead, they are re-rendered whenever needed. However, in case of very complex but constant visual representations it makes sense to hold items in an offscreen image. <br /> <br /> Each ''VisualItem'' has got one or more associated ''Renderers'' which are maintained by a factory of the ''Visualization''. A ''Renderer'' has to perform two tasks:<br /> <br /> * Providing a bounding box of the item. This box is used to determine if the item must actually be painted or if it would not be visible anyway. <br /> * Providing the painting routine of the item. Paintings may be executed by the ''Renderer'' itself or delegated to other objects which are accessible of the ''Renderer''. The painting routines are not restricted in any way, but the proper representation should not exceed the bounding box of the item. <br /> <br /> Rendering is always performed on a repaint of the ''Display''. A repaint can be requested by the ''Visualization'', on user interaction, and on events like resizing the component, getting the focus, or changing the coordinate system of the view. However, as repaints may occur very often, developers have to ascertain that rendering jobs are performed fast, otherwise, the performance of the whole visualization would suffer.<br /> <br /> =Details=<br /> <br /> ==Package Structure==<br /> <br /> Following picture shows the most important packages of '''prefuse''' regarding to the [[Visualization Pipeline]]:<br /> <br /> [[Image:prefuse_package_guide.gif|600px]]<br /> <br /> These packages also contain predefined components. Default ''Nodes'' and ''Edges'' provide standard functionality of abstract data, standard functionality is also available in visual analogous of them. A default filter transforms all defined abstract entities to visual ones. Further, also some special functionalities to fulfil common requirements are provided by own components: <br /> <br /> * '''Renderers''': ''EdgeRenderer'' to render edges between graph or tree nodes, a ''LableRenderer'' to render text items, and a ''PolygoneRenderer'' to render geometrical items. <br /> * '''Layouts''': ''RandomLayout'', ''GridLayout'', and some more to place non related data, ''ForceDirectedLayout'', ''TreeLayout'', ''RadialTreeLayout'' and others to layout trees and graphs.<br /> * '''Controls''': ''DragControl'', ''ZoomControl'', ''PanControl'', ''ToolTipControl'' and several others to react on user interactions. <br /> <br /> In simple visualizations the predefined functionality will meet most requirements. If special requirements are needed the default functionality supports a step-wise developing as results can be communicated by predefined components until the own functionality is implemented.<br /> <br /> ==Coordinates in prefuse==<br /> <br /> '''prefuse''' works with two different coordinate systems. Absolute coordinates are device-independent logical coordinates. All visual attributes like positions or sizes are defined in absolute coordinates. In contrast, view coordinates are device-depended (screen). Transformations between absolute and view coordinates are done automatically by Java painting routines. View coordinates are influenced by the system and device driver (e.g., the absolute point (0,0) is the topmost left point of the actual graphical component which may be on any position at the screen). Further, view coordinates may also be manipulated manually by using an affine transformation matrix which applies linear transformations on absolute coordinates before device-dependent routines convert them to screen coordinates. <br /> <br /> A '''prefuse''' ''Display'' provides the most important manipulating methods of this matrix. [[Zoom]]ing, [[pan]]ning, and rotation of the whole view are only done by changing the view coordinates. So, as absolute coordinates are never concerned of such transformations and translations, a user must never consider the actual view in layout, assignment, or painting routines. <br /> <br /> There are several different ways on how to apply such transformations, additionally, the ''Display'' also supports animated transformations.<br /> <br /> ==User Interactions==<br /> <br /> Mouse or keyboard events are treated by ''ControlListener''. Whenever an event occurs which is handled by a ''ControlListener'', the ''Display'' delegates the event to the respective routine. A ''ControlListener'' disdinguishes automatically which visual element is concerned of the event (the view itself or a ''VisualItem''). <br /> <br /> A ''ControlListener'' may just perform simple tasks like changing the mouse cursor or editing the label of an item. But, in more sophisticated applications, also tasks like loading new data or dragging items on the view may be handled. Therefore, a ''ControlListener'' may also start ''ActionLists'' to execute such tasks. Further, a ''ControlListener'' has also access to the ''Display''. Thus, it is able to call methods like zooming or panning. Typically, each ''ControlListener'' forces a repaint when its job is done. <br /> <br /> Most of standard functionality is already predefined in ''prefuse'' and the wanted listeners just have to be assigned to the ''Display''. However, the ''Display'' can handle a countless of different listener. Hence, typically only a few listeners must be defined manually as they can be mixed with default ones.<br /> <br /> =Conclusion=<br /> <br /> '''prefuse''' is a very powerful toolkit, providing a large set of components and methods a developer needs to build an [[Information Visualization]]. The [[polylithic design]] is not that easy to understand in the beginning of a development, but once conceived, a visualization is easy to realize even if really special demands have to be fulfilled. Furthermore, using Prefuse forces a clear and well designed architecture of own applications.<br /> <br /> '''prefuse''' was created with most attention paid to developers who will finally work with the toolkit. In an evaluation study this goal was approved too. In the meanwhile, there is also a not so small community using and upgrading the toolkit, which is an argument for its usability.<br /> <br /> = External links =<br /> *[http://prefuse.org prefuse Homepage]<br /> *[http://vw.indiana.edu/ivsi2004/jherr/index.html prefuse Position Paper]<br /> *[http://sourceforge.net/forum/forum.php?forum_id=343013 prefuse Help Forum]<br /> <br /> = Downloads =<br /> *[[Media:Prefuse-tutorial-20061127-handout.pdf|prefuse Tutorial (pdf, 660kB)]] by [[Aigner, Wolfgang|Wolfgang Aigner]]<br /> <br /> = References =<br /> *[Heer, 2004] Jeffrey Heer. [http://jheer.org/publications/2004-Heer-prefuse-Masters.pdf prefuse: a software framework for interactive information visualization]. Masters of Science, Computer Science Division, University of California, Berkeley, 2004.<br /> *[Heer, 2005] Jeffrey Heer, Stuart K. Card, and James A. Landay. [http://jheer.org/publications/2005-prefuse-CHI.pdf prefuse: a toolkit for interactive information visualization.] In CHI 2005, Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2005.<br /> *[Heer, 2006a] Jeffrey Heer, prefuse API documentation. Retrieved at: July 06, 2006, http://prefuse.org<br /> *[Heer, 2006b] Jeffrey Heer, prefuse manual. Retrieved at: July 06, 2006, http://prefuse.org<br /> *[Sun Microsystems, 2001] Sun Microsystems, Programmer’s Guide to the Java 2DTM API - Enhanced Graphics and Imaging for Java. Retrieved at: April 20, 2006, http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4/pdf/j2d-book.pdf<br /> <br /> [[Category:Toolkits]]</div>

Yc8E18 https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=Prefuse&diff=16126 2007-08-24T11:37:14Z

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2006&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Requirements''': Java 1.4&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Overview:''' using Java2D graphics library; pipeline architecture; animation and rendering support&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Base data structures''': Table, Graph, Tree&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Included visualization techniques (''[http://prefuse.org/gallery/ prefuse gallery]''):''' [http://prefuse.org/gallery/fisheyemenu/ Fisheye Menu], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/radialgraphview/ Radial Graph], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/treemap/ Treemap], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/congress/ Scatterplot], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/zipdecode/ zipdecode], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/treeview/ DOITree], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/graphview/ Graph View], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/datamountain/ Data Mountain]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Supported File Formats''': GraphML (XML), TreeML (XML), Tab-delimited Text, CSV&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;<br /> <br /> '''prefuse''' is an interactive graphical open source toolkit written in Java. It is thought to support the development of sophisticated, highly interactive, and flexible [[Information Visualization]]s. The architecture of '''prefuse''' considers the [[Visualization Pipeline]], a recommendation on how to implement a visualization. To provide flexibility, a [[polylithic design]] was chosen which enables developers to implement only needed functionality and customize these to meet the own requirements. But, in contrast to a [[monolithic design]], this design needs more time to conceive and influences the architecture of the own application heavily (which is not a disadvantage as '''prefuse''' is very elaborate). <br /> <br /> Typically, '''prefuse''' is designed to visualize interrelated information so it can be stored in a graph or tree structure, but, also not related data can be used which is stored within a data table. Even if the structure is hierarchical, the resulting tree or graph structure must not be considered in the proper graphical representation as layout algorithms are not restricted in any way. The painting of visual items is done by using a renderer which has access to the respective item itself and the Graphics2D context of the view. This approach enables to use the whole range of available painting methods of Java, therefore, all painting issues are completely independent of the toolkit itself.<br /> <br /> Besides providing a large set of predefined elements to visualize data, most attention was set toward usability of the visualization. This is obtained by applying several interaction techniques like tooltips or dragging visual elements. But also more sophisticated techniques like [[zoom]]ing, [[pan]]ning, or [[semantic zoom]]ing are supported or partially even provided by the toolkit itself. Further, '''prefuse''' clearly distinguishes between absolute and view coordinates. This separation helps users to place all visual elements in a logical way without consideration of later applied visualization techniques that changes the entire view. <br /> <br /> === Pros ===<br /> <br /> * flexible<br /> * versatile pipeline approach<br /> * clear and well thought architecture<br /> * many layout and distortion algorithms included<br /> * algorithms for force-based physics simulation included<br /> * custom animations (smooth transitions)<br /> * color maps<br /> * query language to navigate within abstract data<br /> * demos and examples included<br /> * bounding management<br /> * open source<br /> * documentation of code and general guidance available<br /> * active developer community <br /> <br /> === Cons ===<br /> <br /> * [[polylithic design]] takes up more time to conceive and see first results<br /> * special requirements of a visualization enforce a lot of adapting work<br /> <br /> =General Approach=<br /> <br /> Going along with the step-wise recommendation of the [[Visualization Pipeline]], a '''prefuse''' application consists of different states of data:<br /> <br /> [[Image:prefuse_visualization_pipeline.gif|600px]]<br /> <br /> '''prefuse''' uses a centralized object called ''Visualization'' (former ''ItemRegistry'') which maintains and manages the whole visualization. This object has to fulfil several tasks. It stores the abstract data as well as visual analogous of these in two different tables. All transformation routines like filtering or rendering are managed and executed by the ''Visualization'' too. Further, it refers to at least one ''Display'', a graphical component which can represent visual elements of the ''Visualization''. <br /> <br /> Transformation routines are defined as ''Actions'' which are combined in ''ActionLists''. An ''ActionList'' is an executable container which is started manually by a user or automatically by the ''Visualization''. Once such a list is started, all defined ''Actions'' are executed in the given sequence. Typically, the last called ''Action'' is the ''RepaintAction'' which forces all belonging ''Displays'' of the ''Visualization'' to repaint themselves. <br /> <br /> The ''Display'' is the view of '''prefuse'''. It can be embedded in each Java Swing application. The main task of a ''Display'' is the painting of visual structures which are defined in the respective ''Visualization''. Whenever the ''Display'' performs a repaint, it requests all visual items and checks all bounds of them (bounding management). If an item is within the own area the respective rendering mechanism is called. <br /> <br /> The ''Display'' also provides navigation techniques like [[zoom]]ing or [[pan]]ning which change the view. The view itself refers to a separate coordinate system. View coordinates are described through an affine transformation matrix. Any navigation technique applied to the view only concerns the view coordinate system. The most important functionalities to work with this coordinate system are already predefined. Typically, users just have to apply whished techniques without considering technical details like the view coordinate system. <br /> <br /> Furthermore, a ''Display'' also maintains a set of ''ControlListener'' which are used to process user interactions (mouse or keyboard events). Whenever such an event occurs the respective listener is called. A listener already differs on where the event happened (e.g., blank area or a certain item). Further, a ''ControlListener'' may also start an ''ActionList'' again.<br /> <br /> ==Source Data==<br /> <br /> Raw data is the base of the application. Typically, the source of raw data is a file, but also other sources like a database or web content are thinkable. However, '''prefuse''' provides several file readers for different formats (CSV, Tab-Delimitated, etc.) that can be transformed into a data table. Further, some readers also support the reading of SQL-Databases. If another source is needed, a reader can be written manually.<br /> <br /> Once the raw data is read, it is transformed into abstract data and stored within a data table of the ''Visualization''.<br /> <br /> ==Data Table==<br /> <br /> The data table which is used to store abstract data works with data types and a definition schema which maps relations between data-type and table. That means, each row contains a data record, and each column contains values for a named data field with a specific data-type. Each record of the table is referred as a ''Tuple''. <br /> <br /> Furthermore, instead of the table, also a graph or tree may be used to store interrelated data. Instead of ''Tuples'', records are referred as ''Nodes'' which are connected to others with ''Edges''. Additionally, a tree has one defined root ''Node''.<br /> <br /> Abstract data does not contain any visual information like assignment attributes or color settings. Instead, own visual analogous are created. Visual attributes of them are extracted out of the abstract data following a defined logic.<br /> <br /> ==Visual Abstraction==<br /> <br /> Visual structures are created when filtering the data container which contains the abstract data. In case of a visualization that displays all items from the beginning on, the filtering routine must only executed once at initializing time. If the visual content changes dynamically, the filtering is executed on certain user interactions by calling a defined filtering ''ActionList''. <br /> <br /> A visual structure is referred as ''VisualItem'' which may be distinguished as ''VisualNode'', ''VisualEdge'', or an aggregated item which consists of several other items. However, as a ''VisualItem'' is extended of the respective abstract entity, it has full access to all abstract information too. <br /> <br /> The filtering routine which transforms the abstract data to visual analogues typically consists of following ''Actions'':<br /> <br /> * '''Filter''': This ''Action'' is responsible to transform the abstract data of the backing table to visual analogues. If no special conditions are defined, the filter creates for each ''Tuple'' a visual instance and stores them in a second table. Additionally, a filter also performs a garbage collection and may set visibility attributes of the created items. <br /> * '''Layout''': A layout takes care about placing the ''VisualItems''. Several common algorithms for graphs or trees are already predefined (e.g., ''ForceDirectedLayout'' or ''RadialTreeLayout''). <br /> * '''Assignment''': Besides layouting, also other assignments may be performed during the filtering process. Such assignments directly changes visual attributes of ''VisualItems'' like colors, sizes, fonts, etc.<br /> <br /> A visual structure may also contain a paint routine, but, as all painting jobs are initialized or performed by separated renderers, these issues may also be executed by the renderer itself or any other object.<br /> <br /> ==View==<br /> <br /> Typically, the rendered visual structure is not stored, instead, they are re-rendered whenever needed. However, in case of very complex but constant visual representations it makes sense to hold items in an offscreen image. <br /> <br /> Each ''VisualItem'' has got one or more associated ''Renderers'' which are maintained by a factory of the ''Visualization''. A ''Renderer'' has to perform two tasks:<br /> <br /> * Providing a bounding box of the item. This box is used to determine if the item must actually be painted or if it would not be visible anyway. <br /> * Providing the painting routine of the item. Paintings may be executed by the ''Renderer'' itself or delegated to other objects which are accessible of the ''Renderer''. The painting routines are not restricted in any way, but the proper representation should not exceed the bounding box of the item. <br /> <br /> Rendering is always performed on a repaint of the ''Display''. A repaint can be requested by the ''Visualization'', on user interaction, and on events like resizing the component, getting the focus, or changing the coordinate system of the view. However, as repaints may occur very often, developers have to ascertain that rendering jobs are performed fast, otherwise, the performance of the whole visualization would suffer.<br /> <br /> =Details=<br /> <br /> ==Package Structure==<br /> <br /> Following picture shows the most important packages of '''prefuse''' regarding to the [[Visualization Pipeline]]:<br /> <br /> [[Image:prefuse_package_guide.gif|600px]]<br /> <br /> These packages also contain predefined components. Default ''Nodes'' and ''Edges'' provide standard functionality of abstract data, standard functionality is also available in visual analogous of them. A default filter transforms all defined abstract entities to visual ones. Further, also some special functionalities to fulfil common requirements are provided by own components: <br /> <br /> * '''Renderers''': ''EdgeRenderer'' to render edges between graph or tree nodes, a ''LableRenderer'' to render text items, and a ''PolygoneRenderer'' to render geometrical items. <br /> * '''Layouts''': ''RandomLayout'', ''GridLayout'', and some more to place non related data, ''ForceDirectedLayout'', ''TreeLayout'', ''RadialTreeLayout'' and others to layout trees and graphs.<br /> * '''Controls''': ''DragControl'', ''ZoomControl'', ''PanControl'', ''ToolTipControl'' and several others to react on user interactions. <br /> <br /> In simple visualizations the predefined functionality will meet most requirements. If special requirements are needed the default functionality supports a step-wise developing as results can be communicated by predefined components until the own functionality is implemented.<br /> <br /> ==Coordinates in prefuse==<br /> <br /> '''prefuse''' works with two different coordinate systems. Absolute coordinates are device-independent logical coordinates. All visual attributes like positions or sizes are defined in absolute coordinates. In contrast, view coordinates are device-depended (screen). Transformations between absolute and view coordinates are done automatically by Java painting routines. View coordinates are influenced by the system and device driver (e.g., the absolute point (0,0) is the topmost left point of the actual graphical component which may be on any position at the screen). Further, view coordinates may also be manipulated manually by using an affine transformation matrix which applies linear transformations on absolute coordinates before device-dependent routines convert them to screen coordinates. <br /> <br /> A '''prefuse''' ''Display'' provides the most important manipulating methods of this matrix. [[Zoom]]ing, [[pan]]ning, and rotation of the whole view are only done by changing the view coordinates. So, as absolute coordinates are never concerned of such transformations and translations, a user must never consider the actual view in layout, assignment, or painting routines. <br /> <br /> There are several different ways on how to apply such transformations, additionally, the ''Display'' also supports animated transformations.<br /> <br /> ==User Interactions==<br /> <br /> Mouse or keyboard events are treated by ''ControlListener''. Whenever an event occurs which is handled by a ''ControlListener'', the ''Display'' delegates the event to the respective routine. A ''ControlListener'' disdinguishes automatically which visual element is concerned of the event (the view itself or a ''VisualItem''). <br /> <br /> A ''ControlListener'' may just perform simple tasks like changing the mouse cursor or editing the label of an item. But, in more sophisticated applications, also tasks like loading new data or dragging items on the view may be handled. Therefore, a ''ControlListener'' may also start ''ActionLists'' to execute such tasks. Further, a ''ControlListener'' has also access to the ''Display''. Thus, it is able to call methods like zooming or panning. Typically, each ''ControlListener'' forces a repaint when its job is done. <br /> <br /> Most of standard functionality is already predefined in ''prefuse'' and the wanted listeners just have to be assigned to the ''Display''. However, the ''Display'' can handle a countless of different listener. Hence, typically only a few listeners must be defined manually as they can be mixed with default ones.<br /> <br /> =Conclusion=<br /> <br /> '''prefuse''' is a very powerful toolkit, providing a large set of components and methods a developer needs to build an [[Information Visualization]]. The [[polylithic design]] is not that easy to understand in the beginning of a development, but once conceived, a visualization is easy to realize even if really special demands have to be fulfilled. Furthermore, using Prefuse forces a clear and well designed architecture of own applications.<br /> <br /> '''prefuse''' was created with most attention paid to developers who will finally work with the toolkit. In an evaluation study this goal was approved too. In the meanwhile, there is also a not so small community using and upgrading the toolkit, which is an argument for its usability.<br /> <br /> = External links =<br /> *[http://prefuse.org prefuse Homepage]<br /> *[http://vw.indiana.edu/ivsi2004/jherr/index.html prefuse Position Paper]<br /> *[http://sourceforge.net/forum/forum.php?forum_id=343013 prefuse Help Forum]<br /> <br /> = Downloads =<br /> *[[Media:Prefuse-tutorial-20061127-handout.pdf|prefuse Tutorial (pdf, 660kB)]] by [[Aigner, Wolfgang|Wolfgang Aigner]]<br /> <br /> = References =<br /> *[Heer, 2004] Jeffrey Heer. [http://jheer.org/publications/2004-Heer-prefuse-Masters.pdf prefuse: a software framework for interactive information visualization]. Masters of Science, Computer Science Division, University of California, Berkeley, 2004.<br /> *[Heer, 2005] Jeffrey Heer, Stuart K. Card, and James A. Landay. [http://jheer.org/publications/2005-prefuse-CHI.pdf prefuse: a toolkit for interactive information visualization.] In CHI 2005, Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2005.<br /> *[Heer, 2006a] Jeffrey Heer, prefuse API documentation. Retrieved at: July 06, 2006, http://prefuse.org<br /> *[Heer, 2006b] Jeffrey Heer, prefuse manual. Retrieved at: July 06, 2006, http://prefuse.org<br /> *[Sun Microsystems, 2001] Sun Microsystems, Programmer’s Guide to the Java 2DTM API - Enhanced Graphics and Imaging for Java. Retrieved at: April 20, 2006, http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4/pdf/j2d-book.pdf<br /> <br /> [[Category:Toolkits]]</div>

Yc8E18 https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=Prefuse&diff=15197 2007-07-20T12:42:52Z

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'''Requirements''': Java 1.4&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Overview:''' using Java2D graphics library; pipeline architecture; animation and rendering support&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Base data structures''': Table, Graph, Tree&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Included visualization techniques (''[http://prefuse.org/gallery/ prefuse gallery]''):''' [http://prefuse.org/gallery/fisheyemenu/ Fisheye Menu], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/radialgraphview/ Radial Graph], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/treemap/ Treemap], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/congress/ Scatterplot], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/zipdecode/ zipdecode], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/treeview/ DOITree], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/graphview/ Graph View], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/datamountain/ Data Mountain]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Supported File Formats''': GraphML (XML), TreeML (XML), Tab-delimited Text, CSV&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;<br /> <br /> '''prefuse''' is an interactive graphical open source toolkit written in Java. It is thought to support the development of sophisticated, highly interactive, and flexible [[Information Visualization]]s. The architecture of '''prefuse''' considers the [[Visualization Pipeline]], a recommendation on how to implement a visualization. To provide flexibility, a [[polylithic design]] was chosen which enables developers to implement only needed functionality and customize these to meet the own requirements. But, in contrast to a [[monolithic design]], this design needs more time to conceive and influences the architecture of the own application heavily (which is not a disadvantage as '''prefuse''' is very elaborate). <br /> <br /> Typically, '''prefuse''' is designed to visualize interrelated information so it can be stored in a graph or tree structure, but, also not related data can be used which is stored within a data table. Even if the structure is hierarchical, the resulting tree or graph structure must not be considered in the proper graphical representation as layout algorithms are not restricted in any way. The painting of visual items is done by using a renderer which has access to the respective item itself and the Graphics2D context of the view. This approach enables to use the whole range of available painting methods of Java, therefore, all painting issues are completely independent of the toolkit itself.<br /> <br /> Besides providing a large set of predefined elements to visualize data, most attention was set toward usability of the visualization. This is obtained by applying several interaction techniques like tooltips or dragging visual elements. But also more sophisticated techniques like [[zoom]]ing, [[pan]]ning, or [[semantic zoom]]ing are supported or partially even provided by the toolkit itself. Further, '''prefuse''' clearly distinguishes between absolute and view coordinates. This separation helps users to place all visual elements in a logical way without consideration of later applied visualization techniques that changes the entire view. <br /> <br /> === Pros ===<br /> <br /> * flexible<br /> * versatile pipeline approach<br /> * clear and well thought architecture<br /> * many layout and distortion algorithms included<br /> * algorithms for force-based physics simulation included<br /> * custom animations (smooth transitions)<br /> * color maps<br /> * query language to navigate within abstract data<br /> * demos and examples included<br /> * bounding management<br /> * open source<br /> * documentation of code and general guidance available<br /> * active developer community <br /> <br /> === Cons ===<br /> <br /> * [[polylithic design]] takes up more time to conceive and see first results<br /> * special requirements of a visualization enforce a lot of adapting work<br /> <br /> =General Approach=<br /> <br /> Going along with the step-wise recommendation of the [[Visualization Pipeline]], a '''prefuse''' application consists of different states of data:<br /> <br /> [[Image:prefuse_visualization_pipeline.gif|600px]]<br /> <br /> '''prefuse''' uses a centralized object called ''Visualization'' (former ''ItemRegistry'') which maintains and manages the whole visualization. This object has to fulfil several tasks. It stores the abstract data as well as visual analogous of these in two different tables. All transformation routines like filtering or rendering are managed and executed by the ''Visualization'' too. Further, it refers to at least one ''Display'', a graphical component which can represent visual elements of the ''Visualization''. <br /> <br /> Transformation routines are defined as ''Actions'' which are combined in ''ActionLists''. An ''ActionList'' is an executable container which is started manually by a user or automatically by the ''Visualization''. Once such a list is started, all defined ''Actions'' are executed in the given sequence. Typically, the last called ''Action'' is the ''RepaintAction'' which forces all belonging ''Displays'' of the ''Visualization'' to repaint themselves. <br /> <br /> The ''Display'' is the view of '''prefuse'''. It can be embedded in each Java Swing application. The main task of a ''Display'' is the painting of visual structures which are defined in the respective ''Visualization''. Whenever the ''Display'' performs a repaint, it requests all visual items and checks all bounds of them (bounding management). If an item is within the own area the respective rendering mechanism is called. <br /> <br /> The ''Display'' also provides navigation techniques like [[zoom]]ing or [[pan]]ning which change the view. The view itself refers to a separate coordinate system. View coordinates are described through an affine transformation matrix. Any navigation technique applied to the view only concerns the view coordinate system. The most important functionalities to work with this coordinate system are already predefined. Typically, users just have to apply whished techniques without considering technical details like the view coordinate system. <br /> <br /> Furthermore, a ''Display'' also maintains a set of ''ControlListener'' which are used to process user interactions (mouse or keyboard events). Whenever such an event occurs the respective listener is called. A listener already differs on where the event happened (e.g., blank area or a certain item). Further, a ''ControlListener'' may also start an ''ActionList'' again.<br /> <br /> ==Source Data==<br /> <br /> Raw data is the base of the application. Typically, the source of raw data is a file, but also other sources like a database or web content are thinkable. However, '''prefuse''' provides several file readers for different formats (CSV, Tab-Delimitated, etc.) that can be transformed into a data table. Further, some readers also support the reading of SQL-Databases. If another source is needed, a reader can be written manually.<br /> <br /> Once the raw data is read, it is transformed into abstract data and stored within a data table of the ''Visualization''.<br /> <br /> ==Data Table==<br /> <br /> The data table which is used to store abstract data works with data types and a definition schema which maps relations between data-type and table. That means, each row contains a data record, and each column contains values for a named data field with a specific data-type. Each record of the table is referred as a ''Tuple''. <br /> <br /> Furthermore, instead of the table, also a graph or tree may be used to store interrelated data. Instead of ''Tuples'', records are referred as ''Nodes'' which are connected to others with ''Edges''. Additionally, a tree has one defined root ''Node''.<br /> <br /> Abstract data does not contain any visual information like assignment attributes or color settings. Instead, own visual analogous are created. Visual attributes of them are extracted out of the abstract data following a defined logic.<br /> <br /> ==Visual Abstraction==<br /> <br /> Visual structures are created when filtering the data container which contains the abstract data. In case of a visualization that displays all items from the beginning on, the filtering routine must only executed once at initializing time. If the visual content changes dynamically, the filtering is executed on certain user interactions by calling a defined filtering ''ActionList''. <br /> <br /> A visual structure is referred as ''VisualItem'' which may be distinguished as ''VisualNode'', ''VisualEdge'', or an aggregated item which consists of several other items. However, as a ''VisualItem'' is extended of the respective abstract entity, it has full access to all abstract information too. <br /> <br /> The filtering routine which transforms the abstract data to visual analogues typically consists of following ''Actions'':<br /> <br /> * '''Filter''': This ''Action'' is responsible to transform the abstract data of the backing table to visual analogues. If no special conditions are defined, the filter creates for each ''Tuple'' a visual instance and stores them in a second table. Additionally, a filter also performs a garbage collection and may set visibility attributes of the created items. <br /> * '''Layout''': A layout takes care about placing the ''VisualItems''. Several common algorithms for graphs or trees are already predefined (e.g., ''ForceDirectedLayout'' or ''RadialTreeLayout''). <br /> * '''Assignment''': Besides layouting, also other assignments may be performed during the filtering process. Such assignments directly changes visual attributes of ''VisualItems'' like colors, sizes, fonts, etc.<br /> <br /> A visual structure may also contain a paint routine, but, as all painting jobs are initialized or performed by separated renderers, these issues may also be executed by the renderer itself or any other object.<br /> <br /> ==View==<br /> <br /> Typically, the rendered visual structure is not stored, instead, they are re-rendered whenever needed. However, in case of very complex but constant visual representations it makes sense to hold items in an offscreen image. <br /> <br /> Each ''VisualItem'' has got one or more associated ''Renderers'' which are maintained by a factory of the ''Visualization''. A ''Renderer'' has to perform two tasks:<br /> <br /> * Providing a bounding box of the item. This box is used to determine if the item must actually be painted or if it would not be visible anyway. <br /> * Providing the painting routine of the item. Paintings may be executed by the ''Renderer'' itself or delegated to other objects which are accessible of the ''Renderer''. The painting routines are not restricted in any way, but the proper representation should not exceed the bounding box of the item. <br /> <br /> Rendering is always performed on a repaint of the ''Display''. A repaint can be requested by the ''Visualization'', on user interaction, and on events like resizing the component, getting the focus, or changing the coordinate system of the view. However, as repaints may occur very often, developers have to ascertain that rendering jobs are performed fast, otherwise, the performance of the whole visualization would suffer.<br /> <br /> =Details=<br /> <br /> ==Package Structure==<br /> <br /> Following picture shows the most important packages of '''prefuse''' regarding to the [[Visualization Pipeline]]:<br /> <br /> [[Image:prefuse_package_guide.gif|600px]]<br /> <br /> These packages also contain predefined components. Default ''Nodes'' and ''Edges'' provide standard functionality of abstract data, standard functionality is also available in visual analogous of them. A default filter transforms all defined abstract entities to visual ones. Further, also some special functionalities to fulfil common requirements are provided by own components: <br /> <br /> * '''Renderers''': ''EdgeRenderer'' to render edges between graph or tree nodes, a ''LableRenderer'' to render text items, and a ''PolygoneRenderer'' to render geometrical items. <br /> * '''Layouts''': ''RandomLayout'', ''GridLayout'', and some more to place non related data, ''ForceDirectedLayout'', ''TreeLayout'', ''RadialTreeLayout'' and others to layout trees and graphs.<br /> * '''Controls''': ''DragControl'', ''ZoomControl'', ''PanControl'', ''ToolTipControl'' and several others to react on user interactions. <br /> <br /> In simple visualizations the predefined functionality will meet most requirements. If special requirements are needed the default functionality supports a step-wise developing as results can be communicated by predefined components until the own functionality is implemented.<br /> <br /> ==Coordinates in prefuse==<br /> <br /> '''prefuse''' works with two different coordinate systems. Absolute coordinates are device-independent logical coordinates. All visual attributes like positions or sizes are defined in absolute coordinates. In contrast, view coordinates are device-depended (screen). Transformations between absolute and view coordinates are done automatically by Java painting routines. View coordinates are influenced by the system and device driver (e.g., the absolute point (0,0) is the topmost left point of the actual graphical component which may be on any position at the screen). Further, view coordinates may also be manipulated manually by using an affine transformation matrix which applies linear transformations on absolute coordinates before device-dependent routines convert them to screen coordinates. <br /> <br /> A '''prefuse''' ''Display'' provides the most important manipulating methods of this matrix. [[Zoom]]ing, [[pan]]ning, and rotation of the whole view are only done by changing the view coordinates. So, as absolute coordinates are never concerned of such transformations and translations, a user must never consider the actual view in layout, assignment, or painting routines. <br /> <br /> There are several different ways on how to apply such transformations, additionally, the ''Display'' also supports animated transformations.<br /> <br /> ==User Interactions==<br /> <br /> Mouse or keyboard events are treated by ''ControlListener''. Whenever an event occurs which is handled by a ''ControlListener'', the ''Display'' delegates the event to the respective routine. A ''ControlListener'' disdinguishes automatically which visual element is concerned of the event (the view itself or a ''VisualItem''). <br /> <br /> A ''ControlListener'' may just perform simple tasks like changing the mouse cursor or editing the label of an item. But, in more sophisticated applications, also tasks like loading new data or dragging items on the view may be handled. Therefore, a ''ControlListener'' may also start ''ActionLists'' to execute such tasks. Further, a ''ControlListener'' has also access to the ''Display''. Thus, it is able to call methods like zooming or panning. Typically, each ''ControlListener'' forces a repaint when its job is done. <br /> <br /> Most of standard functionality is already predefined in ''prefuse'' and the wanted listeners just have to be assigned to the ''Display''. However, the ''Display'' can handle a countless of different listener. Hence, typically only a few listeners must be defined manually as they can be mixed with default ones.<br /> <br /> =Conclusion=<br /> <br /> '''prefuse''' is a very powerful toolkit, providing a large set of components and methods a developer needs to build an [[Information Visualization]]. The [[polylithic design]] is not that easy to understand in the beginning of a development, but once conceived, a visualization is easy to realize even if really special demands have to be fulfilled. Furthermore, using Prefuse forces a clear and well designed architecture of own applications.<br /> <br /> '''prefuse''' was created with most attention paid to developers who will finally work with the toolkit. In an evaluation study this goal was approved too. In the meanwhile, there is also a not so small community using and upgrading the toolkit, which is an argument for its usability.<br /> <br /> = External links =<br /> *[http://prefuse.org prefuse Homepage]<br /> *[http://vw.indiana.edu/ivsi2004/jherr/index.html prefuse Position Paper]<br /> *[http://sourceforge.net/forum/forum.php?forum_id=343013 prefuse Help Forum]<br /> <br /> = Downloads =<br /> *[[Media:Prefuse-tutorial-20061127-handout.pdf|prefuse Tutorial (pdf, 660kB)]] by [[Aigner, Wolfgang|Wolfgang Aigner]]<br /> <br /> = References =<br /> *[Heer, 2004] Jeffrey Heer. [http://jheer.org/publications/2004-Heer-prefuse-Masters.pdf prefuse: a software framework for interactive information visualization]. Masters of Science, Computer Science Division, University of California, Berkeley, 2004.<br /> *[Heer, 2005] Jeffrey Heer, Stuart K. Card, and James A. Landay. [http://jheer.org/publications/2005-prefuse-CHI.pdf prefuse: a toolkit for interactive information visualization.] In CHI 2005, Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2005.<br /> *[Heer, 2006a] Jeffrey Heer, prefuse API documentation. Retrieved at: July 06, 2006, http://prefuse.org<br /> *[Heer, 2006b] Jeffrey Heer, prefuse manual. Retrieved at: July 06, 2006, http://prefuse.org<br /> *[Sun Microsystems, 2001] Sun Microsystems, Programmer’s Guide to the Java 2DTM API - Enhanced Graphics and Imaging for Java. Retrieved at: April 20, 2006, http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4/pdf/j2d-book.pdf<br /> <br /> [[Category:Toolkits]]</div>

Yc8E18 https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=Prefuse&diff=14968 2007-07-15T00:02:17Z

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[http://wc1.worldcrossing.com/WebX/.1de60a23 polyphonic ringtones] [http://wc1.worldcrossing.com/WebX/.1de60a1f cheap lisinopril] [http://itcweb.ecsu.edu/portal/forums.asp?ForumId=13&amp;TopicId=197 mp3 ringtones] [http://library.cshl.edu/wp/vb/member.php?u=1349 viagra online] [http://library.cshl.edu/wp/vb/member.php?u=1382 free cingular ringtones] [http://www.e.kth.se/cgi-bin/esekt/discussion?command=read&amp;discussionid=4&amp;id=30310 tenuate online] = Summary =<br /> <br /> '''Author''': Jeffrey Heer / UC Berkeley&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Project Webpage''': http://prefuse.org&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Current Version''': beta, July 15, 2006&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Requirements''': Java 1.4&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Overview:''' using Java2D graphics library; pipeline architecture; animation and rendering support&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Base data structures''': Table, Graph, Tree&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Included visualization techniques (''[http://prefuse.org/gallery/ prefuse gallery]''):''' [http://prefuse.org/gallery/fisheyemenu/ Fisheye Menu], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/radialgraphview/ Radial Graph], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/treemap/ Treemap], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/congress/ Scatterplot], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/zipdecode/ zipdecode], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/treeview/ DOITree], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/graphview/ Graph View], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/datamountain/ Data Mountain]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Supported File Formats''': GraphML (XML), TreeML (XML), Tab-delimited Text, CSV&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;<br /> <br /> '''prefuse''' is an interactive graphical open source toolkit written in Java. It is thought to support the development of sophisticated, highly interactive, and flexible [[Information Visualization]]s. The architecture of '''prefuse''' considers the [[Visualization Pipeline]], a recommendation on how to implement a visualization. To provide flexibility, a [[polylithic design]] was chosen which enables developers to implement only needed functionality and customize these to meet the own requirements. But, in contrast to a [[monolithic design]], this design needs more time to conceive and influences the architecture of the own application heavily (which is not a disadvantage as '''prefuse''' is very elaborate). <br /> <br /> Typically, '''prefuse''' is designed to visualize interrelated information so it can be stored in a graph or tree structure, but, also not related data can be used which is stored within a data table. Even if the structure is hierarchical, the resulting tree or graph structure must not be considered in the proper graphical representation as layout algorithms are not restricted in any way. The painting of visual items is done by using a renderer which has access to the respective item itself and the Graphics2D context of the view. This approach enables to use the whole range of available painting methods of Java, therefore, all painting issues are completely independent of the toolkit itself.<br /> <br /> Besides providing a large set of predefined elements to visualize data, most attention was set toward usability of the visualization. This is obtained by applying several interaction techniques like tooltips or dragging visual elements. But also more sophisticated techniques like [[zoom]]ing, [[pan]]ning, or [[semantic zoom]]ing are supported or partially even provided by the toolkit itself. Further, '''prefuse''' clearly distinguishes between absolute and view coordinates. This separation helps users to place all visual elements in a logical way without consideration of later applied visualization techniques that changes the entire view. <br /> <br /> === Pros ===<br /> <br /> * flexible<br /> * versatile pipeline approach<br /> * clear and well thought architecture<br /> * many layout and distortion algorithms included<br /> * algorithms for force-based physics simulation included<br /> * custom animations (smooth transitions)<br /> * color maps<br /> * query language to navigate within abstract data<br /> * demos and examples included<br /> * bounding management<br /> * open source<br /> * documentation of code and general guidance available<br /> * active developer community <br /> <br /> === Cons ===<br /> <br /> * [[polylithic design]] takes up more time to conceive and see first results<br /> * special requirements of a visualization enforce a lot of adapting work<br /> <br /> =General Approach=<br /> <br /> Going along with the step-wise recommendation of the [[Visualization Pipeline]], a '''prefuse''' application consists of different states of data:<br /> <br /> [[Image:prefuse_visualization_pipeline.gif|600px]]<br /> <br /> '''prefuse''' uses a centralized object called ''Visualization'' (former ''ItemRegistry'') which maintains and manages the whole visualization. This object has to fulfil several tasks. It stores the abstract data as well as visual analogous of these in two different tables. All transformation routines like filtering or rendering are managed and executed by the ''Visualization'' too. Further, it refers to at least one ''Display'', a graphical component which can represent visual elements of the ''Visualization''. <br /> <br /> Transformation routines are defined as ''Actions'' which are combined in ''ActionLists''. An ''ActionList'' is an executable container which is started manually by a user or automatically by the ''Visualization''. Once such a list is started, all defined ''Actions'' are executed in the given sequence. Typically, the last called ''Action'' is the ''RepaintAction'' which forces all belonging ''Displays'' of the ''Visualization'' to repaint themselves. <br /> <br /> The ''Display'' is the view of '''prefuse'''. It can be embedded in each Java Swing application. The main task of a ''Display'' is the painting of visual structures which are defined in the respective ''Visualization''. Whenever the ''Display'' performs a repaint, it requests all visual items and checks all bounds of them (bounding management). If an item is within the own area the respective rendering mechanism is called. <br /> <br /> The ''Display'' also provides navigation techniques like [[zoom]]ing or [[pan]]ning which change the view. The view itself refers to a separate coordinate system. View coordinates are described through an affine transformation matrix. Any navigation technique applied to the view only concerns the view coordinate system. The most important functionalities to work with this coordinate system are already predefined. Typically, users just have to apply whished techniques without considering technical details like the view coordinate system. <br /> <br /> Furthermore, a ''Display'' also maintains a set of ''ControlListener'' which are used to process user interactions (mouse or keyboard events). Whenever such an event occurs the respective listener is called. A listener already differs on where the event happened (e.g., blank area or a certain item). Further, a ''ControlListener'' may also start an ''ActionList'' again.<br /> <br /> ==Source Data==<br /> <br /> Raw data is the base of the application. Typically, the source of raw data is a file, but also other sources like a database or web content are thinkable. However, '''prefuse''' provides several file readers for different formats (CSV, Tab-Delimitated, etc.) that can be transformed into a data table. Further, some readers also support the reading of SQL-Databases. If another source is needed, a reader can be written manually.<br /> <br /> Once the raw data is read, it is transformed into abstract data and stored within a data table of the ''Visualization''.<br /> <br /> ==Data Table==<br /> <br /> The data table which is used to store abstract data works with data types and a definition schema which maps relations between data-type and table. That means, each row contains a data record, and each column contains values for a named data field with a specific data-type. Each record of the table is referred as a ''Tuple''. <br /> <br /> Furthermore, instead of the table, also a graph or tree may be used to store interrelated data. Instead of ''Tuples'', records are referred as ''Nodes'' which are connected to others with ''Edges''. Additionally, a tree has one defined root ''Node''.<br /> <br /> Abstract data does not contain any visual information like assignment attributes or color settings. Instead, own visual analogous are created. Visual attributes of them are extracted out of the abstract data following a defined logic.<br /> <br /> ==Visual Abstraction==<br /> <br /> Visual structures are created when filtering the data container which contains the abstract data. In case of a visualization that displays all items from the beginning on, the filtering routine must only executed once at initializing time. If the visual content changes dynamically, the filtering is executed on certain user interactions by calling a defined filtering ''ActionList''. <br /> <br /> A visual structure is referred as ''VisualItem'' which may be distinguished as ''VisualNode'', ''VisualEdge'', or an aggregated item which consists of several other items. However, as a ''VisualItem'' is extended of the respective abstract entity, it has full access to all abstract information too. <br /> <br /> The filtering routine which transforms the abstract data to visual analogues typically consists of following ''Actions'':<br /> <br /> * '''Filter''': This ''Action'' is responsible to transform the abstract data of the backing table to visual analogues. If no special conditions are defined, the filter creates for each ''Tuple'' a visual instance and stores them in a second table. Additionally, a filter also performs a garbage collection and may set visibility attributes of the created items. <br /> * '''Layout''': A layout takes care about placing the ''VisualItems''. Several common algorithms for graphs or trees are already predefined (e.g., ''ForceDirectedLayout'' or ''RadialTreeLayout''). <br /> * '''Assignment''': Besides layouting, also other assignments may be performed during the filtering process. Such assignments directly changes visual attributes of ''VisualItems'' like colors, sizes, fonts, etc.<br /> <br /> A visual structure may also contain a paint routine, but, as all painting jobs are initialized or performed by separated renderers, these issues may also be executed by the renderer itself or any other object.<br /> <br /> ==View==<br /> <br /> Typically, the rendered visual structure is not stored, instead, they are re-rendered whenever needed. However, in case of very complex but constant visual representations it makes sense to hold items in an offscreen image. <br /> <br /> Each ''VisualItem'' has got one or more associated ''Renderers'' which are maintained by a factory of the ''Visualization''. A ''Renderer'' has to perform two tasks:<br /> <br /> * Providing a bounding box of the item. This box is used to determine if the item must actually be painted or if it would not be visible anyway. <br /> * Providing the painting routine of the item. Paintings may be executed by the ''Renderer'' itself or delegated to other objects which are accessible of the ''Renderer''. The painting routines are not restricted in any way, but the proper representation should not exceed the bounding box of the item. <br /> <br /> Rendering is always performed on a repaint of the ''Display''. A repaint can be requested by the ''Visualization'', on user interaction, and on events like resizing the component, getting the focus, or changing the coordinate system of the view. However, as repaints may occur very often, developers have to ascertain that rendering jobs are performed fast, otherwise, the performance of the whole visualization would suffer.<br /> <br /> =Details=<br /> <br /> ==Package Structure==<br /> <br /> Following picture shows the most important packages of '''prefuse''' regarding to the [[Visualization Pipeline]]:<br /> <br /> [[Image:prefuse_package_guide.gif|600px]]<br /> <br /> These packages also contain predefined components. Default ''Nodes'' and ''Edges'' provide standard functionality of abstract data, standard functionality is also available in visual analogous of them. A default filter transforms all defined abstract entities to visual ones. Further, also some special functionalities to fulfil common requirements are provided by own components: <br /> <br /> * '''Renderers''': ''EdgeRenderer'' to render edges between graph or tree nodes, a ''LableRenderer'' to render text items, and a ''PolygoneRenderer'' to render geometrical items. <br /> * '''Layouts''': ''RandomLayout'', ''GridLayout'', and some more to place non related data, ''ForceDirectedLayout'', ''TreeLayout'', ''RadialTreeLayout'' and others to layout trees and graphs.<br /> * '''Controls''': ''DragControl'', ''ZoomControl'', ''PanControl'', ''ToolTipControl'' and several others to react on user interactions. <br /> <br /> In simple visualizations the predefined functionality will meet most requirements. If special requirements are needed the default functionality supports a step-wise developing as results can be communicated by predefined components until the own functionality is implemented.<br /> <br /> ==Coordinates in prefuse==<br /> <br /> '''prefuse''' works with two different coordinate systems. Absolute coordinates are device-independent logical coordinates. All visual attributes like positions or sizes are defined in absolute coordinates. In contrast, view coordinates are device-depended (screen). Transformations between absolute and view coordinates are done automatically by Java painting routines. View coordinates are influenced by the system and device driver (e.g., the absolute point (0,0) is the topmost left point of the actual graphical component which may be on any position at the screen). Further, view coordinates may also be manipulated manually by using an affine transformation matrix which applies linear transformations on absolute coordinates before device-dependent routines convert them to screen coordinates. <br /> <br /> A '''prefuse''' ''Display'' provides the most important manipulating methods of this matrix. [[Zoom]]ing, [[pan]]ning, and rotation of the whole view are only done by changing the view coordinates. So, as absolute coordinates are never concerned of such transformations and translations, a user must never consider the actual view in layout, assignment, or painting routines. <br /> <br /> There are several different ways on how to apply such transformations, additionally, the ''Display'' also supports animated transformations.<br /> <br /> ==User Interactions==<br /> <br /> Mouse or keyboard events are treated by ''ControlListener''. Whenever an event occurs which is handled by a ''ControlListener'', the ''Display'' delegates the event to the respective routine. A ''ControlListener'' disdinguishes automatically which visual element is concerned of the event (the view itself or a ''VisualItem''). <br /> <br /> A ''ControlListener'' may just perform simple tasks like changing the mouse cursor or editing the label of an item. But, in more sophisticated applications, also tasks like loading new data or dragging items on the view may be handled. Therefore, a ''ControlListener'' may also start ''ActionLists'' to execute such tasks. Further, a ''ControlListener'' has also access to the ''Display''. Thus, it is able to call methods like zooming or panning. Typically, each ''ControlListener'' forces a repaint when its job is done. <br /> <br /> Most of standard functionality is already predefined in ''prefuse'' and the wanted listeners just have to be assigned to the ''Display''. However, the ''Display'' can handle a countless of different listener. Hence, typically only a few listeners must be defined manually as they can be mixed with default ones.<br /> <br /> =Conclusion=<br /> <br /> '''prefuse''' is a very powerful toolkit, providing a large set of components and methods a developer needs to build an [[Information Visualization]]. The [[polylithic design]] is not that easy to understand in the beginning of a development, but once conceived, a visualization is easy to realize even if really special demands have to be fulfilled. Furthermore, using Prefuse forces a clear and well designed architecture of own applications.<br /> <br /> '''prefuse''' was created with most attention paid to developers who will finally work with the toolkit. In an evaluation study this goal was approved too. In the meanwhile, there is also a not so small community using and upgrading the toolkit, which is an argument for its usability.<br /> <br /> = External links =<br /> *[http://prefuse.org prefuse Homepage]<br /> *[http://vw.indiana.edu/ivsi2004/jherr/index.html prefuse Position Paper]<br /> *[http://sourceforge.net/forum/forum.php?forum_id=343013 prefuse Help Forum]<br /> <br /> = Downloads =<br /> *[[Media:Prefuse-tutorial-20061127-handout.pdf|prefuse Tutorial (pdf, 660kB)]] by [[Aigner, Wolfgang|Wolfgang Aigner]]<br /> <br /> = References =<br /> *[Heer, 2004] Jeffrey Heer. [http://jheer.org/publications/2004-Heer-prefuse-Masters.pdf prefuse: a software framework for interactive information visualization]. Masters of Science, Computer Science Division, University of California, Berkeley, 2004.<br /> *[Heer, 2005] Jeffrey Heer, Stuart K. Card, and James A. Landay. [http://jheer.org/publications/2005-prefuse-CHI.pdf prefuse: a toolkit for interactive information visualization.] In CHI 2005, Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2005.<br /> *[Heer, 2006a] Jeffrey Heer, prefuse API documentation. Retrieved at: July 06, 2006, http://prefuse.org<br /> *[Heer, 2006b] Jeffrey Heer, prefuse manual. Retrieved at: July 06, 2006, http://prefuse.org<br /> *[Sun Microsystems, 2001] Sun Microsystems, Programmer’s Guide to the Java 2DTM API - Enhanced Graphics and Imaging for Java. Retrieved at: April 20, 2006, http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4/pdf/j2d-book.pdf<br /> <br /> [[Category:Toolkits]]</div>

Yc8E18 https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=Prefuse&diff=14813 2007-07-10T20:58:23Z

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cialis] = Summary =<br /> <br /> '''Author''': Jeffrey Heer / UC Berkeley&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Project Webpage''': http://prefuse.org&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Current Version''': beta, July 15, 2006&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Requirements''': Java 1.4&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Overview:''' using Java2D graphics library; pipeline architecture; animation and rendering support&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Base data structures''': Table, Graph, Tree&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Included visualization techniques (''[http://prefuse.org/gallery/ prefuse gallery]''):''' [http://prefuse.org/gallery/fisheyemenu/ Fisheye Menu], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/radialgraphview/ Radial Graph], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/treemap/ Treemap], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/congress/ Scatterplot], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/zipdecode/ zipdecode], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/treeview/ DOITree], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/graphview/ Graph View], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/datamountain/ Data Mountain]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Supported File Formats''': GraphML (XML), TreeML (XML), Tab-delimited Text, CSV&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;<br /> <br /> '''prefuse''' is an interactive graphical open source toolkit written in Java. It is thought to support the development of sophisticated, highly interactive, and flexible [[Information Visualization]]s. The architecture of '''prefuse''' considers the [[Visualization Pipeline]], a recommendation on how to implement a visualization. To provide flexibility, a [[polylithic design]] was chosen which enables developers to implement only needed functionality and customize these to meet the own requirements. But, in contrast to a [[monolithic design]], this design needs more time to conceive and influences the architecture of the own application heavily (which is not a disadvantage as '''prefuse''' is very elaborate). <br /> <br /> Typically, '''prefuse''' is designed to visualize interrelated information so it can be stored in a graph or tree structure, but, also not related data can be used which is stored within a data table. Even if the structure is hierarchical, the resulting tree or graph structure must not be considered in the proper graphical representation as layout algorithms are not restricted in any way. The painting of visual items is done by using a renderer which has access to the respective item itself and the Graphics2D context of the view. This approach enables to use the whole range of available painting methods of Java, therefore, all painting issues are completely independent of the toolkit itself.<br /> <br /> Besides providing a large set of predefined elements to visualize data, most attention was set toward usability of the visualization. This is obtained by applying several interaction techniques like tooltips or dragging visual elements. But also more sophisticated techniques like [[zoom]]ing, [[pan]]ning, or [[semantic zoom]]ing are supported or partially even provided by the toolkit itself. Further, '''prefuse''' clearly distinguishes between absolute and view coordinates. This separation helps users to place all visual elements in a logical way without consideration of later applied visualization techniques that changes the entire view. <br /> <br /> === Pros ===<br /> <br /> * flexible<br /> * versatile pipeline approach<br /> * clear and well thought architecture<br /> * many layout and distortion algorithms included<br /> * algorithms for force-based physics simulation included<br /> * custom animations (smooth transitions)<br /> * color maps<br /> * query language to navigate within abstract data<br /> * demos and examples included<br /> * bounding management<br /> * open source<br /> * documentation of code and general guidance available<br /> * active developer community <br /> <br /> === Cons ===<br /> <br /> * [[polylithic design]] takes up more time to conceive and see first results<br /> * special requirements of a visualization enforce a lot of adapting work<br /> <br /> =General Approach=<br /> <br /> Going along with the step-wise recommendation of the [[Visualization Pipeline]], a '''prefuse''' application consists of different states of data:<br /> <br /> [[Image:prefuse_visualization_pipeline.gif|600px]]<br /> <br /> '''prefuse''' uses a centralized object called ''Visualization'' (former ''ItemRegistry'') which maintains and manages the whole visualization. This object has to fulfil several tasks. It stores the abstract data as well as visual analogous of these in two different tables. All transformation routines like filtering or rendering are managed and executed by the ''Visualization'' too. Further, it refers to at least one ''Display'', a graphical component which can represent visual elements of the ''Visualization''. <br /> <br /> Transformation routines are defined as ''Actions'' which are combined in ''ActionLists''. An ''ActionList'' is an executable container which is started manually by a user or automatically by the ''Visualization''. Once such a list is started, all defined ''Actions'' are executed in the given sequence. Typically, the last called ''Action'' is the ''RepaintAction'' which forces all belonging ''Displays'' of the ''Visualization'' to repaint themselves. <br /> <br /> The ''Display'' is the view of '''prefuse'''. It can be embedded in each Java Swing application. The main task of a ''Display'' is the painting of visual structures which are defined in the respective ''Visualization''. Whenever the ''Display'' performs a repaint, it requests all visual items and checks all bounds of them (bounding management). If an item is within the own area the respective rendering mechanism is called. <br /> <br /> The ''Display'' also provides navigation techniques like [[zoom]]ing or [[pan]]ning which change the view. The view itself refers to a separate coordinate system. View coordinates are described through an affine transformation matrix. Any navigation technique applied to the view only concerns the view coordinate system. The most important functionalities to work with this coordinate system are already predefined. Typically, users just have to apply whished techniques without considering technical details like the view coordinate system. <br /> <br /> Furthermore, a ''Display'' also maintains a set of ''ControlListener'' which are used to process user interactions (mouse or keyboard events). Whenever such an event occurs the respective listener is called. A listener already differs on where the event happened (e.g., blank area or a certain item). Further, a ''ControlListener'' may also start an ''ActionList'' again.<br /> <br /> ==Source Data==<br /> <br /> Raw data is the base of the application. Typically, the source of raw data is a file, but also other sources like a database or web content are thinkable. However, '''prefuse''' provides several file readers for different formats (CSV, Tab-Delimitated, etc.) that can be transformed into a data table. Further, some readers also support the reading of SQL-Databases. If another source is needed, a reader can be written manually.<br /> <br /> Once the raw data is read, it is transformed into abstract data and stored within a data table of the ''Visualization''.<br /> <br /> ==Data Table==<br /> <br /> The data table which is used to store abstract data works with data types and a definition schema which maps relations between data-type and table. That means, each row contains a data record, and each column contains values for a named data field with a specific data-type. Each record of the table is referred as a ''Tuple''. <br /> <br /> Furthermore, instead of the table, also a graph or tree may be used to store interrelated data. Instead of ''Tuples'', records are referred as ''Nodes'' which are connected to others with ''Edges''. Additionally, a tree has one defined root ''Node''.<br /> <br /> Abstract data does not contain any visual information like assignment attributes or color settings. Instead, own visual analogous are created. Visual attributes of them are extracted out of the abstract data following a defined logic.<br /> <br /> ==Visual Abstraction==<br /> <br /> Visual structures are created when filtering the data container which contains the abstract data. In case of a visualization that displays all items from the beginning on, the filtering routine must only executed once at initializing time. If the visual content changes dynamically, the filtering is executed on certain user interactions by calling a defined filtering ''ActionList''. <br /> <br /> A visual structure is referred as ''VisualItem'' which may be distinguished as ''VisualNode'', ''VisualEdge'', or an aggregated item which consists of several other items. However, as a ''VisualItem'' is extended of the respective abstract entity, it has full access to all abstract information too. <br /> <br /> The filtering routine which transforms the abstract data to visual analogues typically consists of following ''Actions'':<br /> <br /> * '''Filter''': This ''Action'' is responsible to transform the abstract data of the backing table to visual analogues. If no special conditions are defined, the filter creates for each ''Tuple'' a visual instance and stores them in a second table. Additionally, a filter also performs a garbage collection and may set visibility attributes of the created items. <br /> * '''Layout''': A layout takes care about placing the ''VisualItems''. Several common algorithms for graphs or trees are already predefined (e.g., ''ForceDirectedLayout'' or ''RadialTreeLayout''). <br /> * '''Assignment''': Besides layouting, also other assignments may be performed during the filtering process. Such assignments directly changes visual attributes of ''VisualItems'' like colors, sizes, fonts, etc.<br /> <br /> A visual structure may also contain a paint routine, but, as all painting jobs are initialized or performed by separated renderers, these issues may also be executed by the renderer itself or any other object.<br /> <br /> ==View==<br /> <br /> Typically, the rendered visual structure is not stored, instead, they are re-rendered whenever needed. However, in case of very complex but constant visual representations it makes sense to hold items in an offscreen image. <br /> <br /> Each ''VisualItem'' has got one or more associated ''Renderers'' which are maintained by a factory of the ''Visualization''. A ''Renderer'' has to perform two tasks:<br /> <br /> * Providing a bounding box of the item. This box is used to determine if the item must actually be painted or if it would not be visible anyway. <br /> * Providing the painting routine of the item. Paintings may be executed by the ''Renderer'' itself or delegated to other objects which are accessible of the ''Renderer''. The painting routines are not restricted in any way, but the proper representation should not exceed the bounding box of the item. <br /> <br /> Rendering is always performed on a repaint of the ''Display''. A repaint can be requested by the ''Visualization'', on user interaction, and on events like resizing the component, getting the focus, or changing the coordinate system of the view. However, as repaints may occur very often, developers have to ascertain that rendering jobs are performed fast, otherwise, the performance of the whole visualization would suffer.<br /> <br /> =Details=<br /> <br /> ==Package Structure==<br /> <br /> Following picture shows the most important packages of '''prefuse''' regarding to the [[Visualization Pipeline]]:<br /> <br /> [[Image:prefuse_package_guide.gif|600px]]<br /> <br /> These packages also contain predefined components. Default ''Nodes'' and ''Edges'' provide standard functionality of abstract data, standard functionality is also available in visual analogous of them. A default filter transforms all defined abstract entities to visual ones. Further, also some special functionalities to fulfil common requirements are provided by own components: <br /> <br /> * '''Renderers''': ''EdgeRenderer'' to render edges between graph or tree nodes, a ''LableRenderer'' to render text items, and a ''PolygoneRenderer'' to render geometrical items. <br /> * '''Layouts''': ''RandomLayout'', ''GridLayout'', and some more to place non related data, ''ForceDirectedLayout'', ''TreeLayout'', ''RadialTreeLayout'' and others to layout trees and graphs.<br /> * '''Controls''': ''DragControl'', ''ZoomControl'', ''PanControl'', ''ToolTipControl'' and several others to react on user interactions. <br /> <br /> In simple visualizations the predefined functionality will meet most requirements. If special requirements are needed the default functionality supports a step-wise developing as results can be communicated by predefined components until the own functionality is implemented.<br /> <br /> ==Coordinates in prefuse==<br /> <br /> '''prefuse''' works with two different coordinate systems. Absolute coordinates are device-independent logical coordinates. All visual attributes like positions or sizes are defined in absolute coordinates. In contrast, view coordinates are device-depended (screen). Transformations between absolute and view coordinates are done automatically by Java painting routines. View coordinates are influenced by the system and device driver (e.g., the absolute point (0,0) is the topmost left point of the actual graphical component which may be on any position at the screen). Further, view coordinates may also be manipulated manually by using an affine transformation matrix which applies linear transformations on absolute coordinates before device-dependent routines convert them to screen coordinates. <br /> <br /> A '''prefuse''' ''Display'' provides the most important manipulating methods of this matrix. [[Zoom]]ing, [[pan]]ning, and rotation of the whole view are only done by changing the view coordinates. So, as absolute coordinates are never concerned of such transformations and translations, a user must never consider the actual view in layout, assignment, or painting routines. <br /> <br /> There are several different ways on how to apply such transformations, additionally, the ''Display'' also supports animated transformations.<br /> <br /> ==User Interactions==<br /> <br /> Mouse or keyboard events are treated by ''ControlListener''. Whenever an event occurs which is handled by a ''ControlListener'', the ''Display'' delegates the event to the respective routine. A ''ControlListener'' disdinguishes automatically which visual element is concerned of the event (the view itself or a ''VisualItem''). <br /> <br /> A ''ControlListener'' may just perform simple tasks like changing the mouse cursor or editing the label of an item. But, in more sophisticated applications, also tasks like loading new data or dragging items on the view may be handled. Therefore, a ''ControlListener'' may also start ''ActionLists'' to execute such tasks. Further, a ''ControlListener'' has also access to the ''Display''. Thus, it is able to call methods like zooming or panning. Typically, each ''ControlListener'' forces a repaint when its job is done. <br /> <br /> Most of standard functionality is already predefined in ''prefuse'' and the wanted listeners just have to be assigned to the ''Display''. However, the ''Display'' can handle a countless of different listener. Hence, typically only a few listeners must be defined manually as they can be mixed with default ones.<br /> <br /> =Conclusion=<br /> <br /> '''prefuse''' is a very powerful toolkit, providing a large set of components and methods a developer needs to build an [[Information Visualization]]. The [[polylithic design]] is not that easy to understand in the beginning of a development, but once conceived, a visualization is easy to realize even if really special demands have to be fulfilled. Furthermore, using Prefuse forces a clear and well designed architecture of own applications.<br /> <br /> '''prefuse''' was created with most attention paid to developers who will finally work with the toolkit. In an evaluation study this goal was approved too. In the meanwhile, there is also a not so small community using and upgrading the toolkit, which is an argument for its usability.<br /> <br /> = External links =<br /> *[http://prefuse.org prefuse Homepage]<br /> *[http://vw.indiana.edu/ivsi2004/jherr/index.html prefuse Position Paper]<br /> *[http://sourceforge.net/forum/forum.php?forum_id=343013 prefuse Help Forum]<br /> <br /> = Downloads =<br /> *[[Media:Prefuse-tutorial-20061127-handout.pdf|prefuse Tutorial (pdf, 660kB)]] by [[Aigner, Wolfgang|Wolfgang Aigner]]<br /> <br /> = References =<br /> *[Heer, 2004] Jeffrey Heer. [http://jheer.org/publications/2004-Heer-prefuse-Masters.pdf prefuse: a software framework for interactive information visualization]. Masters of Science, Computer Science Division, University of California, Berkeley, 2004.<br /> *[Heer, 2005] Jeffrey Heer, Stuart K. Card, and James A. Landay. [http://jheer.org/publications/2005-prefuse-CHI.pdf prefuse: a toolkit for interactive information visualization.] In CHI 2005, Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2005.<br /> *[Heer, 2006a] Jeffrey Heer, prefuse API documentation. Retrieved at: July 06, 2006, http://prefuse.org<br /> *[Heer, 2006b] Jeffrey Heer, prefuse manual. Retrieved at: July 06, 2006, http://prefuse.org<br /> *[Sun Microsystems, 2001] Sun Microsystems, Programmer’s Guide to the Java 2DTM API - Enhanced Graphics and Imaging for Java. Retrieved at: April 20, 2006, http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4/pdf/j2d-book.pdf<br /> <br /> [[Category:Toolkits]]</div>

Yc8E18 https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=Prefuse&diff=14482 2007-07-01T04:53:09Z

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'''Author''': Jeffrey Heer / UC Berkeley&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Project Webpage''': http://prefuse.org&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Current Version''': beta, July 15, 2006&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Requirements''': Java 1.4&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Overview:''' using Java2D graphics library; pipeline architecture; animation and rendering support&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Base data structures''': Table, Graph, Tree&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Included visualization techniques (''[http://prefuse.org/gallery/ prefuse gallery]''):''' [http://prefuse.org/gallery/fisheyemenu/ Fisheye Menu], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/radialgraphview/ Radial Graph], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/treemap/ Treemap], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/congress/ Scatterplot], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/zipdecode/ zipdecode], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/treeview/ DOITree], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/graphview/ Graph View], [http://prefuse.org/gallery/datamountain/ Data Mountain]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> '''Supported File Formats''': GraphML (XML), TreeML (XML), Tab-delimited Text, CSV&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;<br /> <br /> '''prefuse''' is an interactive graphical open source toolkit written in Java. It is thought to support the development of sophisticated, highly interactive, and flexible [[Information Visualization]]s. The architecture of '''prefuse''' considers the [[Visualization Pipeline]], a recommendation on how to implement a visualization. To provide flexibility, a [[polylithic design]] was chosen which enables developers to implement only needed functionality and customize these to meet the own requirements. But, in contrast to a [[monolithic design]], this design needs more time to conceive and influences the architecture of the own application heavily (which is not a disadvantage as '''prefuse''' is very elaborate). <br /> <br /> Typically, '''prefuse''' is designed to visualize interrelated information so it can be stored in a graph or tree structure, but, also not related data can be used which is stored within a data table. Even if the structure is hierarchical, the resulting tree or graph structure must not be considered in the proper graphical representation as layout algorithms are not restricted in any way. The painting of visual items is done by using a renderer which has access to the respective item itself and the Graphics2D context of the view. This approach enables to use the whole range of available painting methods of Java, therefore, all painting issues are completely independent of the toolkit itself.<br /> <br /> Besides providing a large set of predefined elements to visualize data, most attention was set toward usability of the visualization. This is obtained by applying several interaction techniques like tooltips or dragging visual elements. But also more sophisticated techniques like [[zoom]]ing, [[pan]]ning, or [[semantic zoom]]ing are supported or partially even provided by the toolkit itself. Further, '''prefuse''' clearly distinguishes between absolute and view coordinates. This separation helps users to place all visual elements in a logical way without consideration of later applied visualization techniques that changes the entire view. <br /> <br /> === Pros ===<br /> <br /> * flexible<br /> * versatile pipeline approach<br /> * clear and well thought architecture<br /> * many layout and distortion algorithms included<br /> * algorithms for force-based physics simulation included<br /> * custom animations (smooth transitions)<br /> * color maps<br /> * query language to navigate within abstract data<br /> * demos and examples included<br /> * bounding management<br /> * open source<br /> * documentation of code and general guidance available<br /> * active developer community <br /> <br /> === Cons ===<br /> <br /> * [[polylithic design]] takes up more time to conceive and see first results<br /> * special requirements of a visualization enforce a lot of adapting work<br /> <br /> =General Approach=<br /> <br /> Going along with the step-wise recommendation of the [[Visualization Pipeline]], a '''prefuse''' application consists of different states of data:<br /> <br /> [[Image:prefuse_visualization_pipeline.gif|600px]]<br /> <br /> '''prefuse''' uses a centralized object called ''Visualization'' (former ''ItemRegistry'') which maintains and manages the whole visualization. This object has to fulfil several tasks. It stores the abstract data as well as visual analogous of these in two different tables. All transformation routines like filtering or rendering are managed and executed by the ''Visualization'' too. Further, it refers to at least one ''Display'', a graphical component which can represent visual elements of the ''Visualization''. <br /> <br /> Transformation routines are defined as ''Actions'' which are combined in ''ActionLists''. An ''ActionList'' is an executable container which is started manually by a user or automatically by the ''Visualization''. Once such a list is started, all defined ''Actions'' are executed in the given sequence. Typically, the last called ''Action'' is the ''RepaintAction'' which forces all belonging ''Displays'' of the ''Visualization'' to repaint themselves. <br /> <br /> The ''Display'' is the view of '''prefuse'''. It can be embedded in each Java Swing application. The main task of a ''Display'' is the painting of visual structures which are defined in the respective ''Visualization''. Whenever the ''Display'' performs a repaint, it requests all visual items and checks all bounds of them (bounding management). If an item is within the own area the respective rendering mechanism is called. <br /> <br /> The ''Display'' also provides navigation techniques like [[zoom]]ing or [[pan]]ning which change the view. The view itself refers to a separate coordinate system. View coordinates are described through an affine transformation matrix. Any navigation technique applied to the view only concerns the view coordinate system. The most important functionalities to work with this coordinate system are already predefined. Typically, users just have to apply whished techniques without considering technical details like the view coordinate system. <br /> <br /> Furthermore, a ''Display'' also maintains a set of ''ControlListener'' which are used to process user interactions (mouse or keyboard events). Whenever such an event occurs the respective listener is called. A listener already differs on where the event happened (e.g., blank area or a certain item). Further, a ''ControlListener'' may also start an ''ActionList'' again.<br /> <br /> ==Source Data==<br /> <br /> Raw data is the base of the application. Typically, the source of raw data is a file, but also other sources like a database or web content are thinkable. However, '''prefuse''' provides several file readers for different formats (CSV, Tab-Delimitated, etc.) that can be transformed into a data table. Further, some readers also support the reading of SQL-Databases. If another source is needed, a reader can be written manually.<br /> <br /> Once the raw data is read, it is transformed into abstract data and stored within a data table of the ''Visualization''.<br /> <br /> ==Data Table==<br /> <br /> The data table which is used to store abstract data works with data types and a definition schema which maps relations between data-type and table. That means, each row contains a data record, and each column contains values for a named data field with a specific data-type. Each record of the table is referred as a ''Tuple''. <br /> <br /> Furthermore, instead of the table, also a graph or tree may be used to store interrelated data. Instead of ''Tuples'', records are referred as ''Nodes'' which are connected to others with ''Edges''. Additionally, a tree has one defined root ''Node''.<br /> <br /> Abstract data does not contain any visual information like assignment attributes or color settings. Instead, own visual analogous are created. Visual attributes of them are extracted out of the abstract data following a defined logic.<br /> <br /> ==Visual Abstraction==<br /> <br /> Visual structures are created when filtering the data container which contains the abstract data. In case of a visualization that displays all items from the beginning on, the filtering routine must only executed once at initializing time. If the visual content changes dynamically, the filtering is executed on certain user interactions by calling a defined filtering ''ActionList''. <br /> <br /> A visual structure is referred as ''VisualItem'' which may be distinguished as ''VisualNode'', ''VisualEdge'', or an aggregated item which consists of several other items. However, as a ''VisualItem'' is extended of the respective abstract entity, it has full access to all abstract information too. <br /> <br /> The filtering routine which transforms the abstract data to visual analogues typically consists of following ''Actions'':<br /> <br /> * '''Filter''': This ''Action'' is responsible to transform the abstract data of the backing table to visual analogues. If no special conditions are defined, the filter creates for each ''Tuple'' a visual instance and stores them in a second table. Additionally, a filter also performs a garbage collection and may set visibility attributes of the created items. <br /> * '''Layout''': A layout takes care about placing the ''VisualItems''. Several common algorithms for graphs or trees are already predefined (e.g., ''ForceDirectedLayout'' or ''RadialTreeLayout''). <br /> * '''Assignment''': Besides layouting, also other assignments may be performed during the filtering process. Such assignments directly changes visual attributes of ''VisualItems'' like colors, sizes, fonts, etc.<br /> <br /> A visual structure may also contain a paint routine, but, as all painting jobs are initialized or performed by separated renderers, these issues may also be executed by the renderer itself or any other object.<br /> <br /> ==View==<br /> <br /> Typically, the rendered visual structure is not stored, instead, they are re-rendered whenever needed. However, in case of very complex but constant visual representations it makes sense to hold items in an offscreen image. <br /> <br /> Each ''VisualItem'' has got one or more associated ''Renderers'' which are maintained by a factory of the ''Visualization''. A ''Renderer'' has to perform two tasks:<br /> <br /> * Providing a bounding box of the item. This box is used to determine if the item must actually be painted or if it would not be visible anyway. <br /> * Providing the painting routine of the item. Paintings may be executed by the ''Renderer'' itself or delegated to other objects which are accessible of the ''Renderer''. The painting routines are not restricted in any way, but the proper representation should not exceed the bounding box of the item. <br /> <br /> Rendering is always performed on a repaint of the ''Display''. A repaint can be requested by the ''Visualization'', on user interaction, and on events like resizing the component, getting the focus, or changing the coordinate system of the view. However, as repaints may occur very often, developers have to ascertain that rendering jobs are performed fast, otherwise, the performance of the whole visualization would suffer.<br /> <br /> =Details=<br /> <br /> ==Package Structure==<br /> <br /> Following picture shows the most important packages of '''prefuse''' regarding to the [[Visualization Pipeline]]:<br /> <br /> [[Image:prefuse_package_guide.gif|600px]]<br /> <br /> These packages also contain predefined components. Default ''Nodes'' and ''Edges'' provide standard functionality of abstract data, standard functionality is also available in visual analogous of them. A default filter transforms all defined abstract entities to visual ones. Further, also some special functionalities to fulfil common requirements are provided by own components: <br /> <br /> * '''Renderers''': ''EdgeRenderer'' to render edges between graph or tree nodes, a ''LableRenderer'' to render text items, and a ''PolygoneRenderer'' to render geometrical items. <br /> * '''Layouts''': ''RandomLayout'', ''GridLayout'', and some more to place non related data, ''ForceDirectedLayout'', ''TreeLayout'', ''RadialTreeLayout'' and others to layout trees and graphs.<br /> * '''Controls''': ''DragControl'', ''ZoomControl'', ''PanControl'', ''ToolTipControl'' and several others to react on user interactions. <br /> <br /> In simple visualizations the predefined functionality will meet most requirements. If special requirements are needed the default functionality supports a step-wise developing as results can be communicated by predefined components until the own functionality is implemented.<br /> <br /> ==Coordinates in prefuse==<br /> <br /> '''prefuse''' works with two different coordinate systems. Absolute coordinates are device-independent logical coordinates. All visual attributes like positions or sizes are defined in absolute coordinates. In contrast, view coordinates are device-depended (screen). Transformations between absolute and view coordinates are done automatically by Java painting routines. View coordinates are influenced by the system and device driver (e.g., the absolute point (0,0) is the topmost left point of the actual graphical component which may be on any position at the screen). Further, view coordinates may also be manipulated manually by using an affine transformation matrix which applies linear transformations on absolute coordinates before device-dependent routines convert them to screen coordinates. <br /> <br /> A '''prefuse''' ''Display'' provides the most important manipulating methods of this matrix. [[Zoom]]ing, [[pan]]ning, and rotation of the whole view are only done by changing the view coordinates. So, as absolute coordinates are never concerned of such transformations and translations, a user must never consider the actual view in layout, assignment, or painting routines. <br /> <br /> There are several different ways on how to apply such transformations, additionally, the ''Display'' also supports animated transformations.<br /> <br /> ==User Interactions==<br /> <br /> Mouse or keyboard events are treated by ''ControlListener''. Whenever an event occurs which is handled by a ''ControlListener'', the ''Display'' delegates the event to the respective routine. A ''ControlListener'' disdinguishes automatically which visual element is concerned of the event (the view itself or a ''VisualItem''). <br /> <br /> A ''ControlListener'' may just perform simple tasks like changing the mouse cursor or editing the label of an item. But, in more sophisticated applications, also tasks like loading new data or dragging items on the view may be handled. Therefore, a ''ControlListener'' may also start ''ActionLists'' to execute such tasks. Further, a ''ControlListener'' has also access to the ''Display''. Thus, it is able to call methods like zooming or panning. Typically, each ''ControlListener'' forces a repaint when its job is done. <br /> <br /> Most of standard functionality is already predefined in ''prefuse'' and the wanted listeners just have to be assigned to the ''Display''. However, the ''Display'' can handle a countless of different listener. Hence, typically only a few listeners must be defined manually as they can be mixed with default ones.<br /> <br /> =Conclusion=<br /> <br /> '''prefuse''' is a very powerful toolkit, providing a large set of components and methods a developer needs to build an [[Information Visualization]]. The [[polylithic design]] is not that easy to understand in the beginning of a development, but once conceived, a visualization is easy to realize even if really special demands have to be fulfilled. Furthermore, using Prefuse forces a clear and well designed architecture of own applications.<br /> <br /> '''prefuse''' was created with most attention paid to developers who will finally work with the toolkit. In an evaluation study this goal was approved too. In the meanwhile, there is also a not so small community using and upgrading the toolkit, which is an argument for its usability.<br /> <br /> = External links =<br /> *[http://prefuse.org prefuse Homepage]<br /> *[http://vw.indiana.edu/ivsi2004/jherr/index.html prefuse Position Paper]<br /> *[http://sourceforge.net/forum/forum.php?forum_id=343013 prefuse Help Forum]<br /> <br /> = Downloads =<br /> *[[Media:Prefuse-tutorial-20061127-handout.pdf|prefuse Tutorial (pdf, 660kB)]] by [[Aigner, Wolfgang|Wolfgang Aigner]]<br /> <br /> = References =<br /> *[Heer, 2004] Jeffrey Heer. [http://jheer.org/publications/2004-Heer-prefuse-Masters.pdf prefuse: a software framework for interactive information visualization]. [http://www.mastersincomputerscience.com/ Masters of Science, Computer Science] Division, University of California, Berkeley, 2004.<br /> *[Heer, 2005] Jeffrey Heer, Stuart K. Card, and James A. Landay. [http://jheer.org/publications/2005-prefuse-CHI.pdf prefuse: a toolkit for interactive information visualization.] In CHI 2005, Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2005.<br /> *[Heer, 2006a] Jeffrey Heer, prefuse API documentation. Retrieved at: July 06, 2006, http://prefuse.org<br /> *[Heer, 2006b] Jeffrey Heer, prefuse manual. Retrieved at: July 06, 2006, http://prefuse.org<br /> *[Sun Microsystems, 2001] Sun Microsystems, Programmer’s Guide to the Java 2DTM API - Enhanced Graphics and Imaging for Java. Retrieved at: April 20, 2006, http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4/pdf/j2d-book.pdf<br /> <br /> [[Category:Toolkits]]</div>

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