https://infovis-wiki.net/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Gruppe8+SS07InfoVis:Wiki - User contributions [en]2026-05-11T12:42:05ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.45.3https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Gruppe8_SS07&diff=13294User talk:Gruppe8 SS072007-04-19T20:47:41Z<p>Gruppe8 SS07: </p>
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<div>Dieser Account wird fortgeführt unter UE-InfoVis07-08</div>Gruppe8 SS07https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=InfoSky&diff=13137InfoSky2007-04-12T14:38:11Z<p>Gruppe8 SS07: /* Approaches Based on Hierarchical Structure */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Authors ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Michael Granitzer]] <br/><br />
*[[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Wolfgang Kienreich]]<br/><br />
*[[Andrews%2C_Keith|Keith Andrews]]<br/><br />
*[[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Vedran Sabol]]<br/><br />
*Werner Klieber<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Short description ==<br />
{{Quotation|The InfoSky visual explorer is a system enabling users to interactively explore large, hierarchically structured document collections. Similar to a real-world telescope, InfoSky employs a planar graphical representation with variable magnification. Documents of similar content are placed close to each other and displayed as stars, while collections of documents at a particular level in the hierarchy are visualised as bounding polygons. Usability testing of an early prototype implementation of InfoSky revealed several design issues which prevented users from fully exploiting the power of the visual metaphor. Evaluation results have been incorporated into an advanced prototype, and another usability test has been conducted. A comparison of test results demonstrates enhanced system performance and points out promising directions for further work.|[Michael Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Navigation through InfoSky (Current Version) ===<br />
<br />
*'''Selecting a collection:''' Left-clicking a collection label selects the collection and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting a document:''' Left-clicking an individual star selects the corresponding document and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting the parent collection:''' A toolbar button allows to place the focus on the parent collection. The viewport is zoomed out to display the collection.<br />
*'''Continuous hierarchical zoom:''' After selecting a collection, zooming in on the visualisation continuously selects deeper hierarchical levels based on magnification and position.<br />
*'''Panning:''' Dragging with the left mouse button pans the viewport. Collections are auto selected based on magnification and position. <br />
*'''Zooming:''' Using the mouse-wheel, the magnification factor of the display can be adjusted.<br />
<br />
=== Algorithms used for Implementation ===<br />
<br />
#[http://iv.slis.indiana.edu/sw/spring.html#Battista Force-directed Placement Algorithm]<br />
#[http://enlvm.usu.edu/ma/nav/toc.jsp?sid=__shared&cid=emready@transformations&bb=published Geometric Transformation]<br />
#[[Area Partition]]<br />
<br />
== Suitable Datatypes ==<br />
Suitable Datatypes for this information visualization technique are hierarchical information structures. The goal of InfoSky is to reduce the complexity of large amounts of text-data (for examples collections of newspaper articles) by presenting it through the metapher of a telescope view in a hierarchically structured form. Text-data can be either Word documents, PDF or HTML files.<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Figures ==<br />
Pictures of the InfoSky Browser 2002<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky1.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
Reengineered InfoSky Browser 2004<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky2.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Important Citations ==<br />
Main challenges of Infosky:<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Hierarchy plus similarity: Represent both the hierarchical organisation of documents and inter-document similarity within a single, consistent visualisation. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Focus plus context: Integrate both a global and a local view of the information space into one seamless visualisation.| [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Stability: Use a stable metaphor which promotes visual recall and recognition of features. The visualisation should remain largely unchanged at a global level even if changes occur to the underlying document repository on a local level. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Unified frame of reference: Support a single, consistent view of the document space for all users, regardless of the access rights of each individual user, thus providing a common frame of reference for all parties. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Exploration: Provide simple, intuitive facilities to browse and search the repository. The visualisation tool should allow the visualisation to display a maximum number of document properties and relationships without any need for user interaction. It should thus offer a means of locating documents without specifying a query, by simply browsing the information space and displaying information within its context. | [ Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Scalability: Visualise very large (hundreds of thousands, if not millions of entities), hierarchically structured document repositories. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Initial Study 2002 ===<br />
The goal of the first prototype in 2002 was to compare the InfoSky tree browser, wich is quite similar to usual tree browsers like Microsoft Explorer, to the InfoSky telescope browser. Test persons had to perform several tasks, where they used either the tree browser or the telescope browser. The time to complete a task was measured and the test results showed that people could achieve better results with the more familiar tree browser than the telescope view. For that reason the first InfoSky consisted of two seperate windows, the tree browser on the left side and the telescope browser on the right (see figures). Test persons were also interviewed and the findings of this baseline evaluation have been taken into account, and an extensive redesign phase, followed by another user test has been laid out.<br />
<br />
=== Study in 2004 ===<br />
<br />
==== Tested User Interface ====<br />
The interface of the tested prototype was divided into three distinct areas, the tree view (top-left), the galaxy view (top-right) and the list view (bottom). Combinations of tree and galaxy view were tested in the experiment, with the list view remaining in place.<br />
===== Changes derived from the initial study =====<br />
*a list of documents in the selected collection was added<br />
*layouting of labels in the galaxy view was revised to minimize cluttering<br />
*interactions were optimized based on user feedback received during the initial study<br />
<br />
==== Test Setup ====<br />
Nine employees of the Know-Center were recruited for the <br />
study and divided randomly into three groups of three. Users of <br />
the first group began with the telescope browser (condition GV), <br />
then used the tree view (condition TV), and finally the mixed <br />
view (condition MV) displaying both the tree and the telescope <br />
view . The other two groups used alternating ordering of test <br />
conditions. Before using the telescope browser (either stand-alone <br />
or in conjunction with the tree view), users were given a brief <br />
training on the browser’s features.<br /><br />
The test dataset consisted of 80000 newspaper articles from the German Sueddeutsche Zeitung. Tasks included locating a document or collection within the hierarchy, counting the number of documents in a collection, comparing the number of items in different collections and counting the number of similar documents in a collection.<br /><br />
At the end of each test, an <br />
interview was conducted with the test user to gain additional <br />
feedback. The entire session was videotaped.<br />
<br />
==== Interpretation of Results ====<br />
*A combination of the tree browser and the galaxy browser (mixed mode) yields significantly better results than the use of the galaxy browser alone.<br />
*While not directly comparable, the difference between mixed mode and the tree view in stand-alone mode approach the difference between the telescope view and the tree view found in the initial evaluation.<br />
*When using the tree browser in stand-alone mode, users reported seven time-outs, indicating that they could not solve a given task at all (in reasonable time), while only four time- outs occurred when using the combination of tree and telescope view. It is interesting to note that most users reported time-outs when they got completely lost in the hierarchy and were unable to find a promising path of navigation towards a desired destination. Obviously, the telescope view is useful for comprehending the overall structure of the collection hierarchy and the current position in context. <br />
*In both stand-alone views, about half of all time-outs occurred in task 2, which asked users to locate an item deep in the hierarchy by navigation. However, in mixed mode view only one user reported a time-out for task 2. This further underlines the importance of having both views to keep an overview. <br />
*The labelling problems (i.e. “jumping” labels, overlaps, occlusion) reported in the initial evaluation were rarely mentioned by users in the interviews.<br />
<br />
== Related Work ==<br />
<br />
=== Approaches Based on Inter-Document Similarity ===<br />
<br />
*The Bead system<br />
**[http://www.dcs.gla.ac.uk/~matthew/papers/ecsit93.pdf Matthew Chalmers. Using a landscape metaphor to represent a corpus of documents. In Spatial Information Theory, Proc. COSIT’93, pages 377–390, Boston, Massachusetts, September 1993. Springer LNCS 716. PDF-Download]<br />
*Galaxy Of News<br />
**[http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/uist/192426/p3-rennison Article: Earl Rennison. Galaxy of news: An approach to visualizing and understanding expansive news landscapes. In Proc. UIST’94, pages 3–12, Marina del Rey, California, November 1994. ACM.]<br />
*SPIRE<br />
**Jim Thomas, Paula Cowley, Olga Kuchar, Lucy Nowell, Judi Thomson, and Pak Chung Wong. Discovering knowledge through visual analysis. Journal of Universal Computer Science, 7(6):517–529, 2001. <br />
**[http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/66001476/ABSTRACT Article: James A. Wise. The ecological approach to text visualization. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 50(9):814–835, July 1999.] <br />
*WEBSOM<br />
**[http://websom.hut.fi/websom/ Websom - self-organizing maps for internet exploration. Helsinki University of Technology, 2000.]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[13] .<br />
<br />
=== Approaches Based on Hierarchical Structure ===<br />
*Hyperbolic Browser<br />
**John Lamping, Ramana Rao, and Peter Pirolli. A focus+context technique based on hyperbolic geometry for visualizing large hierarchies. In Proc. CHI’95, pages 401–408, Denver, Colorado, May 1995. ACM.<br />
**[[Hyperbolic trees]]<br />
*H3 Browser<br />
**Tamara Munzner. H3: Laying out large directed graphs in 3d hyperbolic space. In Proc. IEEE InfoVis’97, pages 2–10, Phoenix, Arizona, October 1997. IEEE Computer Society. http://graphics.stanford.edu/papers/h3/<br />
*[[Cone Trees]]<br />
**George G. Robertson, Jock D. Mackinlay, and Stuart K. Card. Cone trees: Animated 3D visualizations of hierarchical information. In Proc. CHI’91, pages 189–194, New Orleans, Louisiana, May 1991. ACM<br />
*File System Navigator<br />
**Steven L. Strasnick and Joel D. Tesler. Method and apparatus for displaying data within a threedimensional information landscape. US Patent 5528735 , Silicon Graphics, Inc., June 1996. Filed 23rd March 1993, issued 18th June 1996. <br />
**Joel D. Tesler and Steven L. Strasnick. Fsn: The 3d file system navigator. Silicon Graphics, Inc., 1992. <br />
**[http://www.jucs.org/jucs_7_6/discovering_knowledge_through_visual Article: Discovering Knowledge Through Visual Analysis]<br />
**[ftp://ftp.sgi.com/sgi/fsn 3D File System Navigator for IRIX 4.0.1]<br />
*CyberGeo Maps<br />
**Tobias Skog and Lars Erik Holmquist. Continuous visualization of web site activity in a public place. In Student Poster, CHI 2000 Extended Abstracts, The Hague, The Netherlands, April 2000.<br />
**Lars Erik Holmquist, Henrik Fagrell, and Roberto Busso. Navigating cyberspace with cybergeo maps. In Proc. of Information Systems Research Seminar in Scandinavia (IRIS 21), Saeby, Denmark, August 1998.<br />
<br />
=== Integrated Approaches ===<br />
*Information Pyramids<br />
**Keith Andrews, Josef Wolte, and Michael Pichler. Information pyramids: A new approach to visualising large hierarchies. In IEEE Visualization’97, Late Breaking Hot Topics Proc., pages 49–52, Phoenix, Arizona, October 1997.<br />
*WebMap´s InternetMap<br />
**WebMap. WebMap, 2002. http://www.webmap.com/<br />
**Michael Iron, Roi Neustedt, and Ohad Ranen. Method of graphically presenting network information. US Patent Application 20010035885A1, WebMap, November 2001. Filed 20th March 2001.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Granitzer, M.]], [[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Kienreich, W.]], [[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Sabol, V.]], [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], and Klieber, W. 2004. Evaluating a System for Interactive Exploration of Large, Hierarchically Structured Document Repositories. In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on information Visualization (infovis'04) - Volume 00 (October 10 - 12, 2004). INFOVIS. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, 127-134. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/INFOVIS.2004.19<br />
<br />
=== Further Information ===<br />
* [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], 2006. Evaluating information visualisations. In Proceedings of the 2006 AVI Workshop on Beyond Time and Errors: Novel Evaluation Methods For information Visualization (Venice, Italy, May 23 - 23, 2006). BELIV '06. ACM Press, New York, NY, 1-5. DOI= http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1168149.1168151 <br />
<br/><br />
* [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], [[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Kienreich, W.]], [[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Sabol, V.]], Becker, J., Droschl, G., Kappe, F., [[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Granitzer, M.]], Auer, P., and Tochtermann, K. 2002. The InfoSky visual explorer: exploiting hierarchical structure and document similarities. Information Visualization 1, 3/4 (Dec. 2002), 166-181. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500023</div>Gruppe8 SS07https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=InfoSky&diff=13136InfoSky2007-04-12T14:37:52Z<p>Gruppe8 SS07: /* Approaches Based on Hierarchical Structure */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Authors ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Michael Granitzer]] <br/><br />
*[[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Wolfgang Kienreich]]<br/><br />
*[[Andrews%2C_Keith|Keith Andrews]]<br/><br />
*[[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Vedran Sabol]]<br/><br />
*Werner Klieber<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Short description ==<br />
{{Quotation|The InfoSky visual explorer is a system enabling users to interactively explore large, hierarchically structured document collections. Similar to a real-world telescope, InfoSky employs a planar graphical representation with variable magnification. Documents of similar content are placed close to each other and displayed as stars, while collections of documents at a particular level in the hierarchy are visualised as bounding polygons. Usability testing of an early prototype implementation of InfoSky revealed several design issues which prevented users from fully exploiting the power of the visual metaphor. Evaluation results have been incorporated into an advanced prototype, and another usability test has been conducted. A comparison of test results demonstrates enhanced system performance and points out promising directions for further work.|[Michael Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Navigation through InfoSky (Current Version) ===<br />
<br />
*'''Selecting a collection:''' Left-clicking a collection label selects the collection and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting a document:''' Left-clicking an individual star selects the corresponding document and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting the parent collection:''' A toolbar button allows to place the focus on the parent collection. The viewport is zoomed out to display the collection.<br />
*'''Continuous hierarchical zoom:''' After selecting a collection, zooming in on the visualisation continuously selects deeper hierarchical levels based on magnification and position.<br />
*'''Panning:''' Dragging with the left mouse button pans the viewport. Collections are auto selected based on magnification and position. <br />
*'''Zooming:''' Using the mouse-wheel, the magnification factor of the display can be adjusted.<br />
<br />
=== Algorithms used for Implementation ===<br />
<br />
#[http://iv.slis.indiana.edu/sw/spring.html#Battista Force-directed Placement Algorithm]<br />
#[http://enlvm.usu.edu/ma/nav/toc.jsp?sid=__shared&cid=emready@transformations&bb=published Geometric Transformation]<br />
#[[Area Partition]]<br />
<br />
== Suitable Datatypes ==<br />
Suitable Datatypes for this information visualization technique are hierarchical information structures. The goal of InfoSky is to reduce the complexity of large amounts of text-data (for examples collections of newspaper articles) by presenting it through the metapher of a telescope view in a hierarchically structured form. Text-data can be either Word documents, PDF or HTML files.<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Figures ==<br />
Pictures of the InfoSky Browser 2002<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky1.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
Reengineered InfoSky Browser 2004<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky2.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Important Citations ==<br />
Main challenges of Infosky:<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Hierarchy plus similarity: Represent both the hierarchical organisation of documents and inter-document similarity within a single, consistent visualisation. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Focus plus context: Integrate both a global and a local view of the information space into one seamless visualisation.| [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Stability: Use a stable metaphor which promotes visual recall and recognition of features. The visualisation should remain largely unchanged at a global level even if changes occur to the underlying document repository on a local level. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Unified frame of reference: Support a single, consistent view of the document space for all users, regardless of the access rights of each individual user, thus providing a common frame of reference for all parties. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Exploration: Provide simple, intuitive facilities to browse and search the repository. The visualisation tool should allow the visualisation to display a maximum number of document properties and relationships without any need for user interaction. It should thus offer a means of locating documents without specifying a query, by simply browsing the information space and displaying information within its context. | [ Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Scalability: Visualise very large (hundreds of thousands, if not millions of entities), hierarchically structured document repositories. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Initial Study 2002 ===<br />
The goal of the first prototype in 2002 was to compare the InfoSky tree browser, wich is quite similar to usual tree browsers like Microsoft Explorer, to the InfoSky telescope browser. Test persons had to perform several tasks, where they used either the tree browser or the telescope browser. The time to complete a task was measured and the test results showed that people could achieve better results with the more familiar tree browser than the telescope view. For that reason the first InfoSky consisted of two seperate windows, the tree browser on the left side and the telescope browser on the right (see figures). Test persons were also interviewed and the findings of this baseline evaluation have been taken into account, and an extensive redesign phase, followed by another user test has been laid out.<br />
<br />
=== Study in 2004 ===<br />
<br />
==== Tested User Interface ====<br />
The interface of the tested prototype was divided into three distinct areas, the tree view (top-left), the galaxy view (top-right) and the list view (bottom). Combinations of tree and galaxy view were tested in the experiment, with the list view remaining in place.<br />
===== Changes derived from the initial study =====<br />
*a list of documents in the selected collection was added<br />
*layouting of labels in the galaxy view was revised to minimize cluttering<br />
*interactions were optimized based on user feedback received during the initial study<br />
<br />
==== Test Setup ====<br />
Nine employees of the Know-Center were recruited for the <br />
study and divided randomly into three groups of three. Users of <br />
the first group began with the telescope browser (condition GV), <br />
then used the tree view (condition TV), and finally the mixed <br />
view (condition MV) displaying both the tree and the telescope <br />
view . The other two groups used alternating ordering of test <br />
conditions. Before using the telescope browser (either stand-alone <br />
or in conjunction with the tree view), users were given a brief <br />
training on the browser’s features.<br /><br />
The test dataset consisted of 80000 newspaper articles from the German Sueddeutsche Zeitung. Tasks included locating a document or collection within the hierarchy, counting the number of documents in a collection, comparing the number of items in different collections and counting the number of similar documents in a collection.<br /><br />
At the end of each test, an <br />
interview was conducted with the test user to gain additional <br />
feedback. The entire session was videotaped.<br />
<br />
==== Interpretation of Results ====<br />
*A combination of the tree browser and the galaxy browser (mixed mode) yields significantly better results than the use of the galaxy browser alone.<br />
*While not directly comparable, the difference between mixed mode and the tree view in stand-alone mode approach the difference between the telescope view and the tree view found in the initial evaluation.<br />
*When using the tree browser in stand-alone mode, users reported seven time-outs, indicating that they could not solve a given task at all (in reasonable time), while only four time- outs occurred when using the combination of tree and telescope view. It is interesting to note that most users reported time-outs when they got completely lost in the hierarchy and were unable to find a promising path of navigation towards a desired destination. Obviously, the telescope view is useful for comprehending the overall structure of the collection hierarchy and the current position in context. <br />
*In both stand-alone views, about half of all time-outs occurred in task 2, which asked users to locate an item deep in the hierarchy by navigation. However, in mixed mode view only one user reported a time-out for task 2. This further underlines the importance of having both views to keep an overview. <br />
*The labelling problems (i.e. “jumping” labels, overlaps, occlusion) reported in the initial evaluation were rarely mentioned by users in the interviews.<br />
<br />
== Related Work ==<br />
<br />
=== Approaches Based on Inter-Document Similarity ===<br />
<br />
*The Bead system<br />
**[http://www.dcs.gla.ac.uk/~matthew/papers/ecsit93.pdf Matthew Chalmers. Using a landscape metaphor to represent a corpus of documents. In Spatial Information Theory, Proc. COSIT’93, pages 377–390, Boston, Massachusetts, September 1993. Springer LNCS 716. PDF-Download]<br />
*Galaxy Of News<br />
**[http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/uist/192426/p3-rennison Article: Earl Rennison. Galaxy of news: An approach to visualizing and understanding expansive news landscapes. In Proc. UIST’94, pages 3–12, Marina del Rey, California, November 1994. ACM.]<br />
*SPIRE<br />
**Jim Thomas, Paula Cowley, Olga Kuchar, Lucy Nowell, Judi Thomson, and Pak Chung Wong. Discovering knowledge through visual analysis. Journal of Universal Computer Science, 7(6):517–529, 2001. <br />
**[http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/66001476/ABSTRACT Article: James A. Wise. The ecological approach to text visualization. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 50(9):814–835, July 1999.] <br />
*WEBSOM<br />
**[http://websom.hut.fi/websom/ Websom - self-organizing maps for internet exploration. Helsinki University of Technology, 2000.]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[13] .<br />
<br />
=== Approaches Based on Hierarchical Structure ===<br />
*Hyperbolic Browser<br />
**John Lamping, Ramana Rao, and Peter Pirolli. A focus+context technique based on hyperbolic geometry for visualizing large hierarchies. In Proc. CHI’95, pages 401–408, Denver, Colorado, May 1995. ACM. http://www.acm.org/sigchi/chi95/Electronic/documnts/papers/jl_bdy.htm<br />
**[[Hyperbolic trees]]<br />
*H3 Browser<br />
**Tamara Munzner. H3: Laying out large directed graphs in 3d hyperbolic space. In Proc. IEEE InfoVis’97, pages 2–10, Phoenix, Arizona, October 1997. IEEE Computer Society. http://graphics.stanford.edu/papers/h3/<br />
*[[Cone Trees]]<br />
**George G. Robertson, Jock D. Mackinlay, and Stuart K. Card. Cone trees: Animated 3D visualizations of hierarchical information. In Proc. CHI’91, pages 189–194, New Orleans, Louisiana, May 1991. ACM<br />
*File System Navigator<br />
**Steven L. Strasnick and Joel D. Tesler. Method and apparatus for displaying data within a threedimensional information landscape. US Patent 5528735 , Silicon Graphics, Inc., June 1996. Filed 23rd March 1993, issued 18th June 1996. <br />
**Joel D. Tesler and Steven L. Strasnick. Fsn: The 3d file system navigator. Silicon Graphics, Inc., 1992. <br />
**[http://www.jucs.org/jucs_7_6/discovering_knowledge_through_visual Article: Discovering Knowledge Through Visual Analysis]<br />
**[ftp://ftp.sgi.com/sgi/fsn 3D File System Navigator for IRIX 4.0.1]<br />
*CyberGeo Maps<br />
**Tobias Skog and Lars Erik Holmquist. Continuous visualization of web site activity in a public place. In Student Poster, CHI 2000 Extended Abstracts, The Hague, The Netherlands, April 2000.<br />
**Lars Erik Holmquist, Henrik Fagrell, and Roberto Busso. Navigating cyberspace with cybergeo maps. In Proc. of Information Systems Research Seminar in Scandinavia (IRIS 21), Saeby, Denmark, August 1998.<br />
<br />
=== Integrated Approaches ===<br />
*Information Pyramids<br />
**Keith Andrews, Josef Wolte, and Michael Pichler. Information pyramids: A new approach to visualising large hierarchies. In IEEE Visualization’97, Late Breaking Hot Topics Proc., pages 49–52, Phoenix, Arizona, October 1997.<br />
*WebMap´s InternetMap<br />
**WebMap. WebMap, 2002. http://www.webmap.com/<br />
**Michael Iron, Roi Neustedt, and Ohad Ranen. Method of graphically presenting network information. US Patent Application 20010035885A1, WebMap, November 2001. Filed 20th March 2001.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Granitzer, M.]], [[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Kienreich, W.]], [[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Sabol, V.]], [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], and Klieber, W. 2004. Evaluating a System for Interactive Exploration of Large, Hierarchically Structured Document Repositories. In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on information Visualization (infovis'04) - Volume 00 (October 10 - 12, 2004). INFOVIS. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, 127-134. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/INFOVIS.2004.19<br />
<br />
=== Further Information ===<br />
* [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], 2006. Evaluating information visualisations. In Proceedings of the 2006 AVI Workshop on Beyond Time and Errors: Novel Evaluation Methods For information Visualization (Venice, Italy, May 23 - 23, 2006). BELIV '06. ACM Press, New York, NY, 1-5. DOI= http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1168149.1168151 <br />
<br/><br />
* [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], [[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Kienreich, W.]], [[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Sabol, V.]], Becker, J., Droschl, G., Kappe, F., [[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Granitzer, M.]], Auer, P., and Tochtermann, K. 2002. The InfoSky visual explorer: exploiting hierarchical structure and document similarities. Information Visualization 1, 3/4 (Dec. 2002), 166-181. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500023</div>Gruppe8 SS07https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=InfoSky&diff=13133InfoSky2007-04-12T14:35:01Z<p>Gruppe8 SS07: /* Integrated Approaches */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Authors ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Michael Granitzer]] <br/><br />
*[[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Wolfgang Kienreich]]<br/><br />
*[[Andrews%2C_Keith|Keith Andrews]]<br/><br />
*[[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Vedran Sabol]]<br/><br />
*Werner Klieber<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Short description ==<br />
{{Quotation|The InfoSky visual explorer is a system enabling users to interactively explore large, hierarchically structured document collections. Similar to a real-world telescope, InfoSky employs a planar graphical representation with variable magnification. Documents of similar content are placed close to each other and displayed as stars, while collections of documents at a particular level in the hierarchy are visualised as bounding polygons. Usability testing of an early prototype implementation of InfoSky revealed several design issues which prevented users from fully exploiting the power of the visual metaphor. Evaluation results have been incorporated into an advanced prototype, and another usability test has been conducted. A comparison of test results demonstrates enhanced system performance and points out promising directions for further work.|[Michael Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Navigation through InfoSky (Current Version) ===<br />
<br />
*'''Selecting a collection:''' Left-clicking a collection label selects the collection and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting a document:''' Left-clicking an individual star selects the corresponding document and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting the parent collection:''' A toolbar button allows to place the focus on the parent collection. The viewport is zoomed out to display the collection.<br />
*'''Continuous hierarchical zoom:''' After selecting a collection, zooming in on the visualisation continuously selects deeper hierarchical levels based on magnification and position.<br />
*'''Panning:''' Dragging with the left mouse button pans the viewport. Collections are auto selected based on magnification and position. <br />
*'''Zooming:''' Using the mouse-wheel, the magnification factor of the display can be adjusted.<br />
<br />
=== Algorithms used for Implementation ===<br />
<br />
#[http://iv.slis.indiana.edu/sw/spring.html#Battista Force-directed Placement Algorithm]<br />
#[http://enlvm.usu.edu/ma/nav/toc.jsp?sid=__shared&cid=emready@transformations&bb=published Geometric Transformation]<br />
#[[Area Partition]]<br />
<br />
== Suitable Datatypes ==<br />
Suitable Datatypes for this information visualization technique are hierarchical information structures. The goal of InfoSky is to reduce the complexity of large amounts of text-data (for examples collections of newspaper articles) by presenting it through the metapher of a telescope view in a hierarchically structured form. Text-data can be either Word documents, PDF or HTML files.<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Figures ==<br />
Pictures of the InfoSky Browser 2002<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky1.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
Reengineered InfoSky Browser 2004<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky2.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Important Citations ==<br />
Main challenges of Infosky:<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Hierarchy plus similarity: Represent both the hierarchical organisation of documents and inter-document similarity within a single, consistent visualisation. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Focus plus context: Integrate both a global and a local view of the information space into one seamless visualisation.| [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Stability: Use a stable metaphor which promotes visual recall and recognition of features. The visualisation should remain largely unchanged at a global level even if changes occur to the underlying document repository on a local level. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Unified frame of reference: Support a single, consistent view of the document space for all users, regardless of the access rights of each individual user, thus providing a common frame of reference for all parties. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Exploration: Provide simple, intuitive facilities to browse and search the repository. The visualisation tool should allow the visualisation to display a maximum number of document properties and relationships without any need for user interaction. It should thus offer a means of locating documents without specifying a query, by simply browsing the information space and displaying information within its context. | [ Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Scalability: Visualise very large (hundreds of thousands, if not millions of entities), hierarchically structured document repositories. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Initial Study ===<br />
The goal of the first prototype in 2002 was to compare the InfoSky tree browser, wich is quite similar to usual tree browsers like Microsoft Explorer, to the InfoSky telescope browser. Test persons had to perform several tasks, where they used either the tree browser or the telescope browser. The time to complete a task was measured and the test results showed that people could achieve better results with the more familiar tree browser than the telescope view. For that reason the first InfoSky consisted of two seperate windows, the tree browser on the left side and the telescope browser on the right (see figures). Test persons were also interviewed and the findings of this baseline evaluation have been taken into account, and an extensive redesign phase, followed by another user test has been laid out.<br />
<br />
=== Study in 2004 ===<br />
<br />
==== Tested User Interface ====<br />
The interface of the tested prototype was divided into three distinct areas, the tree view (top-left), the galaxy view (top-right) and the list view (bottom). Combinations of tree and galaxy view were tested in the experiment, with the list view remaining in place.<br />
===== Changes derived from the initial study =====<br />
*a list of documents in the selected collection was added<br />
*layouting of labels in the galaxy view was revised to minimize cluttering<br />
*interactions were optimized based on user feedback received during the initial study<br />
<br />
==== Test Setup ====<br />
Nine employees of the Know-Center were recruited for the <br />
study and divided randomly into three groups of three. Users of <br />
the first group began with the telescope browser (condition GV), <br />
then used the tree view (condition TV), and finally the mixed <br />
view (condition MV) displaying both the tree and the telescope <br />
view . The other two groups used alternating ordering of test <br />
conditions. Before using the telescope browser (either stand-alone <br />
or in conjunction with the tree view), users were given a brief <br />
training on the browser’s features.<br /><br />
The test dataset consisted of 80000 newspaper articles from the German Sueddeutsche Zeitung. Tasks included locating a document or collection within the hierarchy, counting the number of documents in a collection, comparing the number of items in different collections and counting the number of similar documents in a collection.<br /><br />
At the end of each test, an <br />
interview was conducted with the test user to gain additional <br />
feedback. The entire session was videotaped.<br />
<br />
==== Interpretation of Results ====<br />
*A combination of the tree browser and the galaxy browser (mixed mode) yields significantly better results than the use of the galaxy browser alone.<br />
*While not directly comparable, the difference between mixed mode and the tree view in stand-alone mode approach the difference between the telescope view and the tree view found in the initial evaluation.<br />
*When using the tree browser in stand-alone mode, users reported seven time-outs, indicating that they could not solve a given task at all (in reasonable time), while only four time- outs occurred when using the combination of tree and telescope view. It is interesting to note that most users reported time-outs when they got completely lost in the hierarchy and were unable to find a promising path of navigation towards a desired destination. Obviously, the telescope view is useful for comprehending the overall structure of the collection hierarchy and the current position in context. <br />
*In both stand-alone views, about half of all time-outs occurred in task 2, which asked users to locate an item deep in the hierarchy by navigation. However, in mixed mode view only one user reported a time-out for task 2. This further underlines the importance of having both views to keep an overview. <br />
*The labelling problems (i.e. “jumping” labels, overlaps, occlusion) reported in the initial evaluation were rarely mentioned by users in the interviews.<br />
<br />
== Related Work ==<br />
<br />
=== Approaches Based on Inter-Document Similarity ===<br />
<br />
*The Bead system<br />
**[http://www.dcs.gla.ac.uk/~matthew/papers/ecsit93.pdf Matthew Chalmers. Using a landscape metaphor to represent a corpus of documents. In Spatial Information Theory, Proc. COSIT’93, pages 377–390, Boston, Massachusetts, September 1993. Springer LNCS 716. PDF-Download]<br />
*Galaxy Of News<br />
**[http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/uist/192426/p3-rennison Article: Earl Rennison. Galaxy of news: An approach to visualizing and understanding expansive news landscapes. In Proc. UIST’94, pages 3–12, Marina del Rey, California, November 1994. ACM.]<br />
*SPIRE<br />
**Jim Thomas, Paula Cowley, Olga Kuchar, Lucy Nowell, Judi Thomson, and Pak Chung Wong. Discovering knowledge through visual analysis. Journal of Universal Computer Science, 7(6):517–529, 2001. <br />
**[http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/66001476/ABSTRACT Article: James A. Wise. The ecological approach to text visualization. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 50(9):814–835, July 1999.] <br />
*WEBSOM<br />
**[ http://websom.hut.fi/websom/ Websom - self-organizing maps for internet exploration. Helsinki <br />
University of Technology, 2000.]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[13] .<br />
<br />
=== Approaches Based on Hierarchical Structure ===<br />
*Hyperbolic Browser<br />
**John Lamping, Ramana Rao, and Peter Pirolli. A focus+context technique based on hyperbolic geometry for visualizing large hierarchies. In Proc. CHI’95, pages 401–408, Denver, Colorado, May 1995. ACM. http://www.acm.org/sigchi/chi95/Electronic/documnts/papers/jl_bdy.htm<br />
**[[Hyperbolic trees]]<br />
*H3 Browser<br />
**Tamara Munzner. H3: Laying out large directed graphs in 3d hyperbolic space. In Proc. IEEE InfoVis’97, pages 2–10, Phoenix, Arizona, October 1997. IEEE Computer Society. http://graphics.stanford.edu/papers/h3/<br />
*[[Cone Trees]]<br />
**George G. Robertson, Jock D. Mackinlay, and Stuart K. Card. Cone trees: Animated 3D visualizations of hierarchical information. In Proc. CHI’91, pages 189–194, New Orleans, Louisiana, May 1991. ACM<br />
*File System Navigator<br />
**Steven L. Strasnick and Joel D. Tesler. Method and apparatus for displaying data within a threedimensional information landscape. US Patent 5528735 , Silicon Graphics, Inc., June 1996. Filed 23rd March 1993, issued 18th June 1996. <br />
**Joel D. Tesler and Steven L. Strasnick. Fsn: The 3d file system navigator. Silicon Graphics, Inc., 1992. <br />
**[http://www.jucs.org/jucs_7_6/discovering_knowledge_through_visual Article: Discovering Knowledge Through Visual Analysis]<br />
**[ftp://ftp.sgi.com/sgi/fsn 3D File System Navigator for IRIX 4.0.1]<br />
*CyberGeo Maps<br />
**Tobias Skog and Lars Erik Holmquist. Continuous visualization of web site activity in a public place. In Student Poster, CHI 2000 Extended Abstracts, The Hague, The Netherlands, April 2000. http://www.viktoria.informatik.gu.se/groups/play/publications/2000/WebAware.pdf<br />
**Lars Erik Holmquist, Henrik Fagrell, and Roberto Busso. Navigating cyberspace with cybergeo maps. In Proc. of Information Systems Research Seminar in Scandinavia (IRIS 21), Saeby, Denmark, August 1998. http://www.viktoria.informatik.gu.se/groups/play/publications/1998/navigating.pdf<br />
<br />
=== Integrated Approaches ===<br />
*Information Pyramids<br />
**Keith Andrews, Josef Wolte, and Michael Pichler. Information pyramids: A new approach to visualising large hierarchies. In IEEE Visualization’97, Late Breaking Hot Topics Proc., pages 49–52, Phoenix, Arizona, October 1997.<br />
*WebMap´s InternetMap<br />
**WebMap. WebMap, 2002. http://www.webmap.com/<br />
**Michael Iron, Roi Neustedt, and Ohad Ranen. Method of graphically presenting network information. US Patent Application 20010035885A1, WebMap, November 2001. Filed 20th March 2001.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Granitzer, M.]], [[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Kienreich, W.]], [[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Sabol, V.]], [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], and Klieber, W. 2004. Evaluating a System for Interactive Exploration of Large, Hierarchically Structured Document Repositories. In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on information Visualization (infovis'04) - Volume 00 (October 10 - 12, 2004). INFOVIS. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, 127-134. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/INFOVIS.2004.19<br />
<br />
=== Further Information ===<br />
* [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], 2006. Evaluating information visualisations. In Proceedings of the 2006 AVI Workshop on Beyond Time and Errors: Novel Evaluation Methods For information Visualization (Venice, Italy, May 23 - 23, 2006). BELIV '06. ACM Press, New York, NY, 1-5. DOI= http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1168149.1168151 <br />
<br/><br />
* [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], [[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Kienreich, W.]], [[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Sabol, V.]], Becker, J., Droschl, G., Kappe, F., [[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Granitzer, M.]], Auer, P., and Tochtermann, K. 2002. The InfoSky visual explorer: exploiting hierarchical structure and document similarities. Information Visualization 1, 3/4 (Dec. 2002), 166-181. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500023</div>Gruppe8 SS07https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=InfoSky&diff=13130InfoSky2007-04-12T14:32:17Z<p>Gruppe8 SS07: /* Integrated Approaches */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Authors ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Michael Granitzer]] <br/><br />
*[[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Wolfgang Kienreich]]<br/><br />
*[[Andrews%2C_Keith|Keith Andrews]]<br/><br />
*[[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Vedran Sabol]]<br/><br />
*Werner Klieber<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Short description ==<br />
{{Quotation|The InfoSky visual explorer is a system enabling users to interactively explore large, hierarchically structured document collections. Similar to a real-world telescope, InfoSky employs a planar graphical representation with variable magnification. Documents of similar content are placed close to each other and displayed as stars, while collections of documents at a particular level in the hierarchy are visualised as bounding polygons. Usability testing of an early prototype implementation of InfoSky revealed several design issues which prevented users from fully exploiting the power of the visual metaphor. Evaluation results have been incorporated into an advanced prototype, and another usability test has been conducted. A comparison of test results demonstrates enhanced system performance and points out promising directions for further work.|[Michael Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Navigation through InfoSky (Current Version) ===<br />
<br />
*'''Selecting a collection:''' Left-clicking a collection label selects the collection and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting a document:''' Left-clicking an individual star selects the corresponding document and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting the parent collection:''' A toolbar button allows to place the focus on the parent collection. The viewport is zoomed out to display the collection.<br />
*'''Continuous hierarchical zoom:''' After selecting a collection, zooming in on the visualisation continuously selects deeper hierarchical levels based on magnification and position.<br />
*'''Panning:''' Dragging with the left mouse button pans the viewport. Collections are auto selected based on magnification and position. <br />
*'''Zooming:''' Using the mouse-wheel, the magnification factor of the display can be adjusted.<br />
<br />
=== Algorithms used for Implementation ===<br />
<br />
#[http://iv.slis.indiana.edu/sw/spring.html#Battista Force-directed Placement Algorithm]<br />
#[http://enlvm.usu.edu/ma/nav/toc.jsp?sid=__shared&cid=emready@transformations&bb=published Geometric Transformation]<br />
#[[Area Partition]]<br />
<br />
== Suitable Datatypes ==<br />
Suitable Datatypes for this information visualization technique are hierarchical information structures. The goal of InfoSky is to reduce the complexity of large amounts of text-data (for examples collections of newspaper articles) by presenting it through the metapher of a telescope view in a hierarchically structured form. Text-data can be either Word documents, PDF or HTML files.<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Figures ==<br />
Pictures of the InfoSky Browser 2002<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky1.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
Reengineered InfoSky Browser 2004<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky2.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Important Citations ==<br />
Main challenges of Infosky:<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Hierarchy plus similarity: Represent both the hierarchical organisation of documents and inter-document similarity within a single, consistent visualisation. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Focus plus context: Integrate both a global and a local view of the information space into one seamless visualisation.| [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Stability: Use a stable metaphor which promotes visual recall and recognition of features. The visualisation should remain largely unchanged at a global level even if changes occur to the underlying document repository on a local level. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Unified frame of reference: Support a single, consistent view of the document space for all users, regardless of the access rights of each individual user, thus providing a common frame of reference for all parties. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Exploration: Provide simple, intuitive facilities to browse and search the repository. The visualisation tool should allow the visualisation to display a maximum number of document properties and relationships without any need for user interaction. It should thus offer a means of locating documents without specifying a query, by simply browsing the information space and displaying information within its context. | [ Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Scalability: Visualise very large (hundreds of thousands, if not millions of entities), hierarchically structured document repositories. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Initial Study ===<br />
The goal of the first prototype in 2002 was to compare the InfoSky tree browser, wich is quite similar to usual tree browsers like Microsoft Explorer, to the InfoSky telescope browser. Test persons had to perform several tasks, where they used either the tree browser or the telescope browser. The time to complete a task was measured and the test results showed that people could achieve better results with the more familiar tree browser than the telescope view. For that reason the first InfoSky consisted of two seperate windows, the tree browser on the left side and the telescope browser on the right (see figures). Test persons were also interviewed and the findings of this baseline evaluation have been taken into account, and an extensive redesign phase, followed by another user test has been laid out.<br />
<br />
=== Study in 2004 ===<br />
<br />
==== Tested User Interface ====<br />
The interface of the tested prototype was divided into three distinct areas, the tree view (top-left), the galaxy view (top-right) and the list view (bottom). Combinations of tree and galaxy view were tested in the experiment, with the list view remaining in place.<br />
===== Changes derived from the initial study =====<br />
*a list of documents in the selected collection was added<br />
*layouting of labels in the galaxy view was revised to minimize cluttering<br />
*interactions were optimized based on user feedback received during the initial study<br />
<br />
==== Test Setup ====<br />
Nine employees of the Know-Center were recruited for the <br />
study and divided randomly into three groups of three. Users of <br />
the first group began with the telescope browser (condition GV), <br />
then used the tree view (condition TV), and finally the mixed <br />
view (condition MV) displaying both the tree and the telescope <br />
view . The other two groups used alternating ordering of test <br />
conditions. Before using the telescope browser (either stand-alone <br />
or in conjunction with the tree view), users were given a brief <br />
training on the browser’s features.<br /><br />
The test dataset consisted of 80000 newspaper articles from the German Sueddeutsche Zeitung. Tasks included locating a document or collection within the hierarchy, counting the number of documents in a collection, comparing the number of items in different collections and counting the number of similar documents in a collection.<br /><br />
At the end of each test, an <br />
interview was conducted with the test user to gain additional <br />
feedback. The entire session was videotaped.<br />
<br />
==== Interpretation of Results ====<br />
*A combination of the tree browser and the galaxy browser (mixed mode) yields significantly better results than the use of the galaxy browser alone.<br />
*While not directly comparable, the difference between mixed mode and the tree view in stand-alone mode approach the difference between the telescope view and the tree view found in the initial evaluation.<br />
*When using the tree browser in stand-alone mode, users reported seven time-outs, indicating that they could not solve a given task at all (in reasonable time), while only four time- outs occurred when using the combination of tree and telescope view. It is interesting to note that most users reported time-outs when they got completely lost in the hierarchy and were unable to find a promising path of navigation towards a desired destination. Obviously, the telescope view is useful for comprehending the overall structure of the collection hierarchy and the current position in context. <br />
*In both stand-alone views, about half of all time-outs occurred in task 2, which asked users to locate an item deep in the hierarchy by navigation. However, in mixed mode view only one user reported a time-out for task 2. This further underlines the importance of having both views to keep an overview. <br />
*The labelling problems (i.e. “jumping” labels, overlaps, occlusion) reported in the initial evaluation were rarely mentioned by users in the interviews.<br />
<br />
== Related Work ==<br />
<br />
=== Approaches Based on Inter-Document Similarity ===<br />
<br />
*The Bead system<br />
**[http://www.dcs.gla.ac.uk/~matthew/papers/ecsit93.pdf Matthew Chalmers. Using a landscape metaphor to represent a corpus of documents. In Spatial Information Theory, Proc. COSIT’93, pages 377–390, Boston, Massachusetts, September 1993. Springer LNCS 716. PDF-Download]<br />
*Galaxy Of News<br />
**[http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/uist/192426/p3-rennison Article: Earl Rennison. Galaxy of news: An approach to visualizing and understanding expansive news landscapes. In Proc. UIST’94, pages 3–12, Marina del Rey, California, November 1994. ACM.]<br />
*SPIRE<br />
<br />
*WEBSOM<br />
<br />
<br />
[8] . <br />
[9] Jim Thomas, Paula Cowley, Olga Kuchar, Lucy Nowell, Judi <br />
Thomson, and Pak Chung Wong. Discovering knowledge through visual <br />
analysis. Journal of Universal Computer Science, 7(6):517–529, 2001. <br />
[10] James A. Wise. The ecological approach to text visualization. Journal <br />
of the American Society for Information Science, 50(9):814–835, July <br />
1999. http://www.vistg.net/hat/Wise_draft/Ch5/Wise.html. <br />
[11] Keith Andrews, Christian Gütl, Josef Moser, Vedran Sabol, and <br />
Wilfried Lackner. Search result visualisation with xfind. In Proc. UIDIS <br />
2001, pages 50–58, Zurich, Switzerland, May 2001. IEEE Computer <br />
Society Press. <br />
[12] Vedran Sabol. Visualisation islands: Interactive visualisation and <br />
clustering of search result sets. Master’s thesis, Graz University of <br />
Technology, Austria, October 2001. <br />
ftp://ftp.iicm.edu/pub/theses/vsabol.pdf. <br />
[13] Websom - self-organizing maps for internet exploration. Helsinki <br />
University of Technology, 2000. http://websom.hut.fi/websom/.<br />
<br />
=== Approaches Based on Hierarchical Structure ===<br />
*Hyperbolic Browser<br />
**John Lamping, Ramana Rao, and Peter Pirolli. A focus+context technique based on hyperbolic geometry for visualizing large hierarchies. In Proc. CHI’95, pages 401–408, Denver, Colorado, May 1995. ACM. http://www.acm.org/sigchi/chi95/Electronic/documnts/papers/jl_bdy.htm<br />
**[[Hyperbolic trees]]<br />
*H3 Browser<br />
**Tamara Munzner. H3: Laying out large directed graphs in 3d hyperbolic space. In Proc. IEEE InfoVis’97, pages 2–10, Phoenix, Arizona, October 1997. IEEE Computer Society. http://graphics.stanford.edu/papers/h3/<br />
*[[Cone Trees]]<br />
**George G. Robertson, Jock D. Mackinlay, and Stuart K. Card. Cone trees: Animated 3D visualizations of hierarchical information. In Proc. CHI’91, pages 189–194, New Orleans, Louisiana, May 1991. ACM<br />
*File System Navigator<br />
**Steven L. Strasnick and Joel D. Tesler. Method and apparatus for displaying data within a threedimensional information landscape. US Patent 5528735 , Silicon Graphics, Inc., June 1996. Filed 23rd March 1993, issued 18th June 1996. <br />
**Joel D. Tesler and Steven L. Strasnick. Fsn: The 3d file system navigator. Silicon Graphics, Inc., 1992. <br />
**[http://www.jucs.org/jucs_7_6/discovering_knowledge_through_visual Article: Discovering Knowledge Through Visual Analysis]<br />
**[ftp://ftp.sgi.com/sgi/fsn 3D File System Navigator for IRIX 4.0.1]<br />
*CyberGeo Maps<br />
**Tobias Skog and Lars Erik Holmquist. Continuous visualization of web site activity in a public place. In Student Poster, CHI 2000 Extended Abstracts, The Hague, The Netherlands, April 2000. http://www.viktoria.informatik.gu.se/groups/play/publications/2000/WebAware.pdf<br />
**Lars Erik Holmquist, Henrik Fagrell, and Roberto Busso. Navigating cyberspace with cybergeo maps. In Proc. of Information Systems Research Seminar in Scandinavia (IRIS 21), Saeby, Denmark, August 1998. http://www.viktoria.informatik.gu.se/groups/play/publications/1998/navigating.pdf<br />
<br />
=== Integrated Approaches ===<br />
*Information Pyramids<br />
**Keith Andrews, Josef Wolte, and Michael Pichler. Information pyramids: A new approach to visualising large hierarchies. In IEEE Visualization’97, Late Breaking Hot Topics Proc., pages 49–52, Phoenix, Arizona, October 1997. ftp://ftp.iicm.edu/pub/papers/vis97.pdf<br />
*WebMap´s InternetMap<br />
**WebMap. WebMap, 2002. http://www.webmap.com/<br />
**Michael Iron, Roi Neustedt, and Ohad Ranen. Method of graphically presenting network information. US Patent Application 20010035885A1, WebMap, November 2001. Filed 20th March 2001.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Granitzer, M.]], [[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Kienreich, W.]], [[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Sabol, V.]], [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], and Klieber, W. 2004. Evaluating a System for Interactive Exploration of Large, Hierarchically Structured Document Repositories. In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on information Visualization (infovis'04) - Volume 00 (October 10 - 12, 2004). INFOVIS. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, 127-134. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/INFOVIS.2004.19<br />
<br />
=== Further Information ===<br />
* [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], 2006. Evaluating information visualisations. In Proceedings of the 2006 AVI Workshop on Beyond Time and Errors: Novel Evaluation Methods For information Visualization (Venice, Italy, May 23 - 23, 2006). BELIV '06. ACM Press, New York, NY, 1-5. DOI= http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1168149.1168151 <br />
<br/><br />
* [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], [[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Kienreich, W.]], [[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Sabol, V.]], Becker, J., Droschl, G., Kappe, F., [[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Granitzer, M.]], Auer, P., and Tochtermann, K. 2002. The InfoSky visual explorer: exploiting hierarchical structure and document similarities. Information Visualization 1, 3/4 (Dec. 2002), 166-181. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500023</div>Gruppe8 SS07https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=InfoSky&diff=13129InfoSky2007-04-12T14:30:52Z<p>Gruppe8 SS07: /* Approaches Based on Hierarchical Structure */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Authors ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Michael Granitzer]] <br/><br />
*[[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Wolfgang Kienreich]]<br/><br />
*[[Andrews%2C_Keith|Keith Andrews]]<br/><br />
*[[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Vedran Sabol]]<br/><br />
*Werner Klieber<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Short description ==<br />
{{Quotation|The InfoSky visual explorer is a system enabling users to interactively explore large, hierarchically structured document collections. Similar to a real-world telescope, InfoSky employs a planar graphical representation with variable magnification. Documents of similar content are placed close to each other and displayed as stars, while collections of documents at a particular level in the hierarchy are visualised as bounding polygons. Usability testing of an early prototype implementation of InfoSky revealed several design issues which prevented users from fully exploiting the power of the visual metaphor. Evaluation results have been incorporated into an advanced prototype, and another usability test has been conducted. A comparison of test results demonstrates enhanced system performance and points out promising directions for further work.|[Michael Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Navigation through InfoSky (Current Version) ===<br />
<br />
*'''Selecting a collection:''' Left-clicking a collection label selects the collection and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting a document:''' Left-clicking an individual star selects the corresponding document and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting the parent collection:''' A toolbar button allows to place the focus on the parent collection. The viewport is zoomed out to display the collection.<br />
*'''Continuous hierarchical zoom:''' After selecting a collection, zooming in on the visualisation continuously selects deeper hierarchical levels based on magnification and position.<br />
*'''Panning:''' Dragging with the left mouse button pans the viewport. Collections are auto selected based on magnification and position. <br />
*'''Zooming:''' Using the mouse-wheel, the magnification factor of the display can be adjusted.<br />
<br />
=== Algorithms used for Implementation ===<br />
<br />
#[http://iv.slis.indiana.edu/sw/spring.html#Battista Force-directed Placement Algorithm]<br />
#[http://enlvm.usu.edu/ma/nav/toc.jsp?sid=__shared&cid=emready@transformations&bb=published Geometric Transformation]<br />
#[[Area Partition]]<br />
<br />
== Suitable Datatypes ==<br />
Suitable Datatypes for this information visualization technique are hierarchical information structures. The goal of InfoSky is to reduce the complexity of large amounts of text-data (for examples collections of newspaper articles) by presenting it through the metapher of a telescope view in a hierarchically structured form. Text-data can be either Word documents, PDF or HTML files.<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Figures ==<br />
Pictures of the InfoSky Browser 2002<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky1.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
Reengineered InfoSky Browser 2004<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky2.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Important Citations ==<br />
Main challenges of Infosky:<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Hierarchy plus similarity: Represent both the hierarchical organisation of documents and inter-document similarity within a single, consistent visualisation. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Focus plus context: Integrate both a global and a local view of the information space into one seamless visualisation.| [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Stability: Use a stable metaphor which promotes visual recall and recognition of features. The visualisation should remain largely unchanged at a global level even if changes occur to the underlying document repository on a local level. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Unified frame of reference: Support a single, consistent view of the document space for all users, regardless of the access rights of each individual user, thus providing a common frame of reference for all parties. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Exploration: Provide simple, intuitive facilities to browse and search the repository. The visualisation tool should allow the visualisation to display a maximum number of document properties and relationships without any need for user interaction. It should thus offer a means of locating documents without specifying a query, by simply browsing the information space and displaying information within its context. | [ Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Scalability: Visualise very large (hundreds of thousands, if not millions of entities), hierarchically structured document repositories. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Initial Study ===<br />
The goal of the first prototype in 2002 was to compare the InfoSky tree browser, wich is quite similar to usual tree browsers like Microsoft Explorer, to the InfoSky telescope browser. Test persons had to perform several tasks, where they used either the tree browser or the telescope browser. The time to complete a task was measured and the test results showed that people could achieve better results with the more familiar tree browser than the telescope view. For that reason the first InfoSky consisted of two seperate windows, the tree browser on the left side and the telescope browser on the right (see figures). Test persons were also interviewed and the findings of this baseline evaluation have been taken into account, and an extensive redesign phase, followed by another user test has been laid out.<br />
<br />
=== Study in 2004 ===<br />
<br />
==== Tested User Interface ====<br />
The interface of the tested prototype was divided into three distinct areas, the tree view (top-left), the galaxy view (top-right) and the list view (bottom). Combinations of tree and galaxy view were tested in the experiment, with the list view remaining in place.<br />
===== Changes derived from the initial study =====<br />
*a list of documents in the selected collection was added<br />
*layouting of labels in the galaxy view was revised to minimize cluttering<br />
*interactions were optimized based on user feedback received during the initial study<br />
<br />
==== Test Setup ====<br />
Nine employees of the Know-Center were recruited for the <br />
study and divided randomly into three groups of three. Users of <br />
the first group began with the telescope browser (condition GV), <br />
then used the tree view (condition TV), and finally the mixed <br />
view (condition MV) displaying both the tree and the telescope <br />
view . The other two groups used alternating ordering of test <br />
conditions. Before using the telescope browser (either stand-alone <br />
or in conjunction with the tree view), users were given a brief <br />
training on the browser’s features.<br /><br />
The test dataset consisted of 80000 newspaper articles from the German Sueddeutsche Zeitung. Tasks included locating a document or collection within the hierarchy, counting the number of documents in a collection, comparing the number of items in different collections and counting the number of similar documents in a collection.<br /><br />
At the end of each test, an <br />
interview was conducted with the test user to gain additional <br />
feedback. The entire session was videotaped.<br />
<br />
==== Interpretation of Results ====<br />
*A combination of the tree browser and the galaxy browser (mixed mode) yields significantly better results than the use of the galaxy browser alone.<br />
*While not directly comparable, the difference between mixed mode and the tree view in stand-alone mode approach the difference between the telescope view and the tree view found in the initial evaluation.<br />
*When using the tree browser in stand-alone mode, users reported seven time-outs, indicating that they could not solve a given task at all (in reasonable time), while only four time- outs occurred when using the combination of tree and telescope view. It is interesting to note that most users reported time-outs when they got completely lost in the hierarchy and were unable to find a promising path of navigation towards a desired destination. Obviously, the telescope view is useful for comprehending the overall structure of the collection hierarchy and the current position in context. <br />
*In both stand-alone views, about half of all time-outs occurred in task 2, which asked users to locate an item deep in the hierarchy by navigation. However, in mixed mode view only one user reported a time-out for task 2. This further underlines the importance of having both views to keep an overview. <br />
*The labelling problems (i.e. “jumping” labels, overlaps, occlusion) reported in the initial evaluation were rarely mentioned by users in the interviews.<br />
<br />
== Related Work ==<br />
<br />
=== Approaches Based on Inter-Document Similarity ===<br />
<br />
*The Bead system<br />
**[http://www.dcs.gla.ac.uk/~matthew/papers/ecsit93.pdf Matthew Chalmers. Using a landscape metaphor to represent a corpus of documents. In Spatial Information Theory, Proc. COSIT’93, pages 377–390, Boston, Massachusetts, September 1993. Springer LNCS 716. PDF-Download]<br />
*Galaxy Of News<br />
**[http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/uist/192426/p3-rennison Article: Earl Rennison. Galaxy of news: An approach to visualizing and understanding expansive news landscapes. In Proc. UIST’94, pages 3–12, Marina del Rey, California, November 1994. ACM.]<br />
*SPIRE<br />
<br />
*WEBSOM<br />
<br />
<br />
[8] . <br />
[9] Jim Thomas, Paula Cowley, Olga Kuchar, Lucy Nowell, Judi <br />
Thomson, and Pak Chung Wong. Discovering knowledge through visual <br />
analysis. Journal of Universal Computer Science, 7(6):517–529, 2001. <br />
[10] James A. Wise. The ecological approach to text visualization. Journal <br />
of the American Society for Information Science, 50(9):814–835, July <br />
1999. http://www.vistg.net/hat/Wise_draft/Ch5/Wise.html. <br />
[11] Keith Andrews, Christian Gütl, Josef Moser, Vedran Sabol, and <br />
Wilfried Lackner. Search result visualisation with xfind. In Proc. UIDIS <br />
2001, pages 50–58, Zurich, Switzerland, May 2001. IEEE Computer <br />
Society Press. <br />
[12] Vedran Sabol. Visualisation islands: Interactive visualisation and <br />
clustering of search result sets. Master’s thesis, Graz University of <br />
Technology, Austria, October 2001. <br />
ftp://ftp.iicm.edu/pub/theses/vsabol.pdf. <br />
[13] Websom - self-organizing maps for internet exploration. Helsinki <br />
University of Technology, 2000. http://websom.hut.fi/websom/.<br />
<br />
=== Approaches Based on Hierarchical Structure ===<br />
*Hyperbolic Browser<br />
**John Lamping, Ramana Rao, and Peter Pirolli. A focus+context technique based on hyperbolic geometry for visualizing large hierarchies. In Proc. CHI’95, pages 401–408, Denver, Colorado, May 1995. ACM. http://www.acm.org/sigchi/chi95/Electronic/documnts/papers/jl_bdy.htm<br />
**[[Hyperbolic trees]]<br />
*H3 Browser<br />
**Tamara Munzner. H3: Laying out large directed graphs in 3d hyperbolic space. In Proc. IEEE InfoVis’97, pages 2–10, Phoenix, Arizona, October 1997. IEEE Computer Society. http://graphics.stanford.edu/papers/h3/<br />
*[[Cone Trees]]<br />
**George G. Robertson, Jock D. Mackinlay, and Stuart K. Card. Cone trees: Animated 3D visualizations of hierarchical information. In Proc. CHI’91, pages 189–194, New Orleans, Louisiana, May 1991. ACM<br />
*File System Navigator<br />
**Steven L. Strasnick and Joel D. Tesler. Method and apparatus for displaying data within a threedimensional information landscape. US Patent 5528735 , Silicon Graphics, Inc., June 1996. Filed 23rd March 1993, issued 18th June 1996. <br />
**Joel D. Tesler and Steven L. Strasnick. Fsn: The 3d file system navigator. Silicon Graphics, Inc., 1992. <br />
**[http://www.jucs.org/jucs_7_6/discovering_knowledge_through_visual Article: Discovering Knowledge Through Visual Analysis]<br />
**[ftp://ftp.sgi.com/sgi/fsn 3D File System Navigator for IRIX 4.0.1]<br />
*CyberGeo Maps<br />
**Tobias Skog and Lars Erik Holmquist. Continuous visualization of web site activity in a public place. In Student Poster, CHI 2000 Extended Abstracts, The Hague, The Netherlands, April 2000. http://www.viktoria.informatik.gu.se/groups/play/publications/2000/WebAware.pdf<br />
**Lars Erik Holmquist, Henrik Fagrell, and Roberto Busso. Navigating cyberspace with cybergeo maps. In Proc. of Information Systems Research Seminar in Scandinavia (IRIS 21), Saeby, Denmark, August 1998. http://www.viktoria.informatik.gu.se/groups/play/publications/1998/navigating.pdf<br />
<br />
=== Integrated Approaches ===<br />
*Information Pyramids<br />
*WebMap´s InternetMap<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[18] <br />
[19] Tobias Skog and Lars Erik Holmquist. Continuous visualization of <br />
web site activity in a public place. In Student Poster, CHI 2000 Extended <br />
Abstracts, The Hague, The Netherlands, April 2000. <br />
http://www.viktoria.informatik.gu.se/groups/play/publications/2000/Web <br />
Aware.pdf. <br />
[20] Lars Erik Holmquist, Henrik Fagrell, and Roberto Busso. Navigating <br />
cyberspace with cybergeo maps. In Proc. of Information Systems Research <br />
Seminar in Scandinavia (IRIS 21), Saeby, Denmark, August 1998. <br />
http://www.viktoria.informatik.gu.se/groups/play/publications/1998/navig <br />
ating.pdf. <br />
[21] Keith Andrews, Josef Wolte, and Michael Pichler. Information <br />
pyramids: A new approach to visualising large hierarchies. In IEEE <br />
Visualization’97, Late Breaking Hot Topics Proc., pages 49–52, Phoenix, <br />
Arizona, October 1997. ftp://ftp.iicm.edu/pub/papers/vis97.pdf. <br />
[22] WebMap. WebMap, 2002. http://www.webmap.com/ <br />
[23] Michael Iron, Roi Neustedt, and Ohad Ranen. Method of graphically <br />
presenting network information. US Patent Application 20010035885A1 , <br />
WebMap, November 2001. Filed 20th March 2001.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Granitzer, M.]], [[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Kienreich, W.]], [[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Sabol, V.]], [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], and Klieber, W. 2004. Evaluating a System for Interactive Exploration of Large, Hierarchically Structured Document Repositories. In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on information Visualization (infovis'04) - Volume 00 (October 10 - 12, 2004). INFOVIS. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, 127-134. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/INFOVIS.2004.19<br />
<br />
=== Further Information ===<br />
* [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], 2006. Evaluating information visualisations. In Proceedings of the 2006 AVI Workshop on Beyond Time and Errors: Novel Evaluation Methods For information Visualization (Venice, Italy, May 23 - 23, 2006). BELIV '06. ACM Press, New York, NY, 1-5. DOI= http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1168149.1168151 <br />
<br/><br />
* [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], [[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Kienreich, W.]], [[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Sabol, V.]], Becker, J., Droschl, G., Kappe, F., [[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Granitzer, M.]], Auer, P., and Tochtermann, K. 2002. The InfoSky visual explorer: exploiting hierarchical structure and document similarities. Information Visualization 1, 3/4 (Dec. 2002), 166-181. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500023</div>Gruppe8 SS07https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=InfoSky&diff=13127InfoSky2007-04-12T14:30:19Z<p>Gruppe8 SS07: /* Approaches Based on Hierarchical Structure */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Authors ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Michael Granitzer]] <br/><br />
*[[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Wolfgang Kienreich]]<br/><br />
*[[Andrews%2C_Keith|Keith Andrews]]<br/><br />
*[[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Vedran Sabol]]<br/><br />
*Werner Klieber<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Short description ==<br />
{{Quotation|The InfoSky visual explorer is a system enabling users to interactively explore large, hierarchically structured document collections. Similar to a real-world telescope, InfoSky employs a planar graphical representation with variable magnification. Documents of similar content are placed close to each other and displayed as stars, while collections of documents at a particular level in the hierarchy are visualised as bounding polygons. Usability testing of an early prototype implementation of InfoSky revealed several design issues which prevented users from fully exploiting the power of the visual metaphor. Evaluation results have been incorporated into an advanced prototype, and another usability test has been conducted. A comparison of test results demonstrates enhanced system performance and points out promising directions for further work.|[Michael Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Navigation through InfoSky (Current Version) ===<br />
<br />
*'''Selecting a collection:''' Left-clicking a collection label selects the collection and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting a document:''' Left-clicking an individual star selects the corresponding document and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting the parent collection:''' A toolbar button allows to place the focus on the parent collection. The viewport is zoomed out to display the collection.<br />
*'''Continuous hierarchical zoom:''' After selecting a collection, zooming in on the visualisation continuously selects deeper hierarchical levels based on magnification and position.<br />
*'''Panning:''' Dragging with the left mouse button pans the viewport. Collections are auto selected based on magnification and position. <br />
*'''Zooming:''' Using the mouse-wheel, the magnification factor of the display can be adjusted.<br />
<br />
=== Algorithms used for Implementation ===<br />
<br />
#[http://iv.slis.indiana.edu/sw/spring.html#Battista Force-directed Placement Algorithm]<br />
#[http://enlvm.usu.edu/ma/nav/toc.jsp?sid=__shared&cid=emready@transformations&bb=published Geometric Transformation]<br />
#[[Area Partition]]<br />
<br />
== Suitable Datatypes ==<br />
Suitable Datatypes for this information visualization technique are hierarchical information structures. The goal of InfoSky is to reduce the complexity of large amounts of text-data (for examples collections of newspaper articles) by presenting it through the metapher of a telescope view in a hierarchically structured form. Text-data can be either Word documents, PDF or HTML files.<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Figures ==<br />
Pictures of the InfoSky Browser 2002<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky1.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
Reengineered InfoSky Browser 2004<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky2.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Important Citations ==<br />
Main challenges of Infosky:<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Hierarchy plus similarity: Represent both the hierarchical organisation of documents and inter-document similarity within a single, consistent visualisation. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Focus plus context: Integrate both a global and a local view of the information space into one seamless visualisation.| [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Stability: Use a stable metaphor which promotes visual recall and recognition of features. The visualisation should remain largely unchanged at a global level even if changes occur to the underlying document repository on a local level. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Unified frame of reference: Support a single, consistent view of the document space for all users, regardless of the access rights of each individual user, thus providing a common frame of reference for all parties. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Exploration: Provide simple, intuitive facilities to browse and search the repository. The visualisation tool should allow the visualisation to display a maximum number of document properties and relationships without any need for user interaction. It should thus offer a means of locating documents without specifying a query, by simply browsing the information space and displaying information within its context. | [ Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Scalability: Visualise very large (hundreds of thousands, if not millions of entities), hierarchically structured document repositories. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Initial Study ===<br />
The goal of the first prototype in 2002 was to compare the InfoSky tree browser, wich is quite similar to usual tree browsers like Microsoft Explorer, to the InfoSky telescope browser. Test persons had to perform several tasks, where they used either the tree browser or the telescope browser. The time to complete a task was measured and the test results showed that people could achieve better results with the more familiar tree browser than the telescope view. For that reason the first InfoSky consisted of two seperate windows, the tree browser on the left side and the telescope browser on the right (see figures). Test persons were also interviewed and the findings of this baseline evaluation have been taken into account, and an extensive redesign phase, followed by another user test has been laid out.<br />
<br />
=== Study in 2004 ===<br />
<br />
==== Tested User Interface ====<br />
The interface of the tested prototype was divided into three distinct areas, the tree view (top-left), the galaxy view (top-right) and the list view (bottom). Combinations of tree and galaxy view were tested in the experiment, with the list view remaining in place.<br />
===== Changes derived from the initial study =====<br />
*a list of documents in the selected collection was added<br />
*layouting of labels in the galaxy view was revised to minimize cluttering<br />
*interactions were optimized based on user feedback received during the initial study<br />
<br />
==== Test Setup ====<br />
Nine employees of the Know-Center were recruited for the <br />
study and divided randomly into three groups of three. Users of <br />
the first group began with the telescope browser (condition GV), <br />
then used the tree view (condition TV), and finally the mixed <br />
view (condition MV) displaying both the tree and the telescope <br />
view . The other two groups used alternating ordering of test <br />
conditions. Before using the telescope browser (either stand-alone <br />
or in conjunction with the tree view), users were given a brief <br />
training on the browser’s features.<br /><br />
The test dataset consisted of 80000 newspaper articles from the German Sueddeutsche Zeitung. Tasks included locating a document or collection within the hierarchy, counting the number of documents in a collection, comparing the number of items in different collections and counting the number of similar documents in a collection.<br /><br />
At the end of each test, an <br />
interview was conducted with the test user to gain additional <br />
feedback. The entire session was videotaped.<br />
<br />
==== Interpretation of Results ====<br />
*A combination of the tree browser and the galaxy browser (mixed mode) yields significantly better results than the use of the galaxy browser alone.<br />
*While not directly comparable, the difference between mixed mode and the tree view in stand-alone mode approach the difference between the telescope view and the tree view found in the initial evaluation.<br />
*When using the tree browser in stand-alone mode, users reported seven time-outs, indicating that they could not solve a given task at all (in reasonable time), while only four time- outs occurred when using the combination of tree and telescope view. It is interesting to note that most users reported time-outs when they got completely lost in the hierarchy and were unable to find a promising path of navigation towards a desired destination. Obviously, the telescope view is useful for comprehending the overall structure of the collection hierarchy and the current position in context. <br />
*In both stand-alone views, about half of all time-outs occurred in task 2, which asked users to locate an item deep in the hierarchy by navigation. However, in mixed mode view only one user reported a time-out for task 2. This further underlines the importance of having both views to keep an overview. <br />
*The labelling problems (i.e. “jumping” labels, overlaps, occlusion) reported in the initial evaluation were rarely mentioned by users in the interviews.<br />
<br />
== Related Work ==<br />
<br />
=== Approaches Based on Inter-Document Similarity ===<br />
<br />
*The Bead system<br />
**[http://www.dcs.gla.ac.uk/~matthew/papers/ecsit93.pdf Matthew Chalmers. Using a landscape metaphor to represent a corpus of documents. In Spatial Information Theory, Proc. COSIT’93, pages 377–390, Boston, Massachusetts, September 1993. Springer LNCS 716.]<br />
*Galaxy Of News<br />
**[http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/uist/192426/p3-rennison Earl Rennison. Galaxy of news: An approach to visualizing and understanding expansive news landscapes. In Proc. UIST’94, pages 3–12, Marina del Rey, California, November 1994. ACM.]<br />
*SPIRE<br />
<br />
*WEBSOM<br />
<br />
<br />
[8] . <br />
[9] Jim Thomas, Paula Cowley, Olga Kuchar, Lucy Nowell, Judi <br />
Thomson, and Pak Chung Wong. Discovering knowledge through visual <br />
analysis. Journal of Universal Computer Science, 7(6):517–529, 2001. <br />
[10] James A. Wise. The ecological approach to text visualization. Journal <br />
of the American Society for Information Science, 50(9):814–835, July <br />
1999. http://www.vistg.net/hat/Wise_draft/Ch5/Wise.html. <br />
[11] Keith Andrews, Christian Gütl, Josef Moser, Vedran Sabol, and <br />
Wilfried Lackner. Search result visualisation with xfind. In Proc. UIDIS <br />
2001, pages 50–58, Zurich, Switzerland, May 2001. IEEE Computer <br />
Society Press. <br />
[12] Vedran Sabol. Visualisation islands: Interactive visualisation and <br />
clustering of search result sets. Master’s thesis, Graz University of <br />
Technology, Austria, October 2001. <br />
ftp://ftp.iicm.edu/pub/theses/vsabol.pdf. <br />
[13] Websom - self-organizing maps for internet exploration. Helsinki <br />
University of Technology, 2000. http://websom.hut.fi/websom/.<br />
<br />
=== Approaches Based on Hierarchical Structure ===<br />
*Hyperbolic Browser<br />
**John Lamping, Ramana Rao, and Peter Pirolli. A focus+context technique based on hyperbolic geometry for visualizing large hierarchies. In Proc. CHI’95, pages 401–408, Denver, Colorado, May 1995. ACM. http://www.acm.org/sigchi/chi95/Electronic/documnts/papers/jl_bdy.htm<br />
**[[Hyperbolic trees]]<br />
*H3 Browser<br />
**Tamara Munzner. H3: Laying out large directed graphs in 3d hyperbolic space. In Proc. IEEE InfoVis’97, pages 2–10, Phoenix, Arizona, October 1997. IEEE Computer Society. http://graphics.stanford.edu/papers/h3/<br />
*[[Cone Trees]]<br />
**George G. Robertson, Jock D. Mackinlay, and Stuart K. Card. Cone trees: Animated 3D visualizations of hierarchical information. In Proc. CHI’91, pages 189–194, New Orleans, Louisiana, May 1991. ACM<br />
*File System Navigator<br />
**Steven L. Strasnick and Joel D. Tesler. Method and apparatus for displaying data within a threedimensional information landscape. US Patent 5528735 , Silicon Graphics, Inc., June 1996. Filed 23rd March 1993, issued 18th June 1996. <br />
**Joel D. Tesler and Steven L. Strasnick. Fsn: The 3d file system navigator. Silicon Graphics, Inc., 1992. <br />
**[http://www.jucs.org/jucs_7_6/discovering_knowledge_through_visual Article: Discovering Knowledge Through Visual Analysis]<br />
**[ftp://ftp.sgi.com/sgi/fsn 3D File System Navigator for IRIX 4.0.1]<br />
*CyberGeo Maps<br />
**Tobias Skog and Lars Erik Holmquist. Continuous visualization of web site activity in a public place. In Student Poster, CHI 2000 Extended Abstracts, The Hague, The Netherlands, April 2000.<br />
http://www.viktoria.informatik.gu.se/groups/play/publications/2000/WebAware.pdf<br />
**Lars Erik Holmquist, Henrik Fagrell, and Roberto Busso. Navigating cyberspace with cybergeo maps. In Proc. of Information Systems Research Seminar in Scandinavia (IRIS 21), Saeby, Denmark, August 1998. http://www.viktoria.informatik.gu.se/groups/play/publications/1998/navigating.pdf<br />
<br />
=== Integrated Approaches ===<br />
*Information Pyramids<br />
*WebMap´s InternetMap<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[18] <br />
[19] Tobias Skog and Lars Erik Holmquist. Continuous visualization of <br />
web site activity in a public place. In Student Poster, CHI 2000 Extended <br />
Abstracts, The Hague, The Netherlands, April 2000. <br />
http://www.viktoria.informatik.gu.se/groups/play/publications/2000/Web <br />
Aware.pdf. <br />
[20] Lars Erik Holmquist, Henrik Fagrell, and Roberto Busso. Navigating <br />
cyberspace with cybergeo maps. In Proc. of Information Systems Research <br />
Seminar in Scandinavia (IRIS 21), Saeby, Denmark, August 1998. <br />
http://www.viktoria.informatik.gu.se/groups/play/publications/1998/navig <br />
ating.pdf. <br />
[21] Keith Andrews, Josef Wolte, and Michael Pichler. Information <br />
pyramids: A new approach to visualising large hierarchies. In IEEE <br />
Visualization’97, Late Breaking Hot Topics Proc., pages 49–52, Phoenix, <br />
Arizona, October 1997. ftp://ftp.iicm.edu/pub/papers/vis97.pdf. <br />
[22] WebMap. WebMap, 2002. http://www.webmap.com/ <br />
[23] Michael Iron, Roi Neustedt, and Ohad Ranen. Method of graphically <br />
presenting network information. US Patent Application 20010035885A1 , <br />
WebMap, November 2001. Filed 20th March 2001.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Granitzer, M.]], [[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Kienreich, W.]], [[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Sabol, V.]], [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], and Klieber, W. 2004. Evaluating a System for Interactive Exploration of Large, Hierarchically Structured Document Repositories. In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on information Visualization (infovis'04) - Volume 00 (October 10 - 12, 2004). INFOVIS. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, 127-134. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/INFOVIS.2004.19<br />
<br />
=== Further Information ===<br />
* [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], 2006. Evaluating information visualisations. In Proceedings of the 2006 AVI Workshop on Beyond Time and Errors: Novel Evaluation Methods For information Visualization (Venice, Italy, May 23 - 23, 2006). BELIV '06. ACM Press, New York, NY, 1-5. DOI= http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1168149.1168151 <br />
<br/><br />
* [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], [[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Kienreich, W.]], [[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Sabol, V.]], Becker, J., Droschl, G., Kappe, F., [[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Granitzer, M.]], Auer, P., and Tochtermann, K. 2002. The InfoSky visual explorer: exploiting hierarchical structure and document similarities. Information Visualization 1, 3/4 (Dec. 2002), 166-181. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500023</div>Gruppe8 SS07https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=InfoSky&diff=13125InfoSky2007-04-12T14:29:12Z<p>Gruppe8 SS07: /* Approaches Based on Hierarchical Structure */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Authors ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Michael Granitzer]] <br/><br />
*[[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Wolfgang Kienreich]]<br/><br />
*[[Andrews%2C_Keith|Keith Andrews]]<br/><br />
*[[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Vedran Sabol]]<br/><br />
*Werner Klieber<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Short description ==<br />
{{Quotation|The InfoSky visual explorer is a system enabling users to interactively explore large, hierarchically structured document collections. Similar to a real-world telescope, InfoSky employs a planar graphical representation with variable magnification. Documents of similar content are placed close to each other and displayed as stars, while collections of documents at a particular level in the hierarchy are visualised as bounding polygons. Usability testing of an early prototype implementation of InfoSky revealed several design issues which prevented users from fully exploiting the power of the visual metaphor. Evaluation results have been incorporated into an advanced prototype, and another usability test has been conducted. A comparison of test results demonstrates enhanced system performance and points out promising directions for further work.|[Michael Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Navigation through InfoSky (Current Version) ===<br />
<br />
*'''Selecting a collection:''' Left-clicking a collection label selects the collection and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting a document:''' Left-clicking an individual star selects the corresponding document and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting the parent collection:''' A toolbar button allows to place the focus on the parent collection. The viewport is zoomed out to display the collection.<br />
*'''Continuous hierarchical zoom:''' After selecting a collection, zooming in on the visualisation continuously selects deeper hierarchical levels based on magnification and position.<br />
*'''Panning:''' Dragging with the left mouse button pans the viewport. Collections are auto selected based on magnification and position. <br />
*'''Zooming:''' Using the mouse-wheel, the magnification factor of the display can be adjusted.<br />
<br />
=== Algorithms used for Implementation ===<br />
<br />
#[http://iv.slis.indiana.edu/sw/spring.html#Battista Force-directed Placement Algorithm]<br />
#[http://enlvm.usu.edu/ma/nav/toc.jsp?sid=__shared&cid=emready@transformations&bb=published Geometric Transformation]<br />
#[[Area Partition]]<br />
<br />
== Suitable Datatypes ==<br />
Suitable Datatypes for this information visualization technique are hierarchical information structures. The goal of InfoSky is to reduce the complexity of large amounts of text-data (for examples collections of newspaper articles) by presenting it through the metapher of a telescope view in a hierarchically structured form. Text-data can be either Word documents, PDF or HTML files.<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Figures ==<br />
Pictures of the InfoSky Browser 2002<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky1.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
Reengineered InfoSky Browser 2004<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky2.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Important Citations ==<br />
Main challenges of Infosky:<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Hierarchy plus similarity: Represent both the hierarchical organisation of documents and inter-document similarity within a single, consistent visualisation. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Focus plus context: Integrate both a global and a local view of the information space into one seamless visualisation.| [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Stability: Use a stable metaphor which promotes visual recall and recognition of features. The visualisation should remain largely unchanged at a global level even if changes occur to the underlying document repository on a local level. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Unified frame of reference: Support a single, consistent view of the document space for all users, regardless of the access rights of each individual user, thus providing a common frame of reference for all parties. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Exploration: Provide simple, intuitive facilities to browse and search the repository. The visualisation tool should allow the visualisation to display a maximum number of document properties and relationships without any need for user interaction. It should thus offer a means of locating documents without specifying a query, by simply browsing the information space and displaying information within its context. | [ Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Scalability: Visualise very large (hundreds of thousands, if not millions of entities), hierarchically structured document repositories. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Initial Study ===<br />
The goal of the first prototype in 2002 was to compare the InfoSky tree browser, wich is quite similar to usual tree browsers like Microsoft Explorer, to the InfoSky telescope browser. Test persons had to perform several tasks, where they used either the tree browser or the telescope browser. The time to complete a task was measured and the test results showed that people could achieve better results with the more familiar tree browser than the telescope view. For that reason the first InfoSky consisted of two seperate windows, the tree browser on the left side and the telescope browser on the right (see figures). Test persons were also interviewed and the findings of this baseline evaluation have been taken into account, and an extensive redesign phase, followed by another user test has been laid out.<br />
<br />
=== Study in 2004 ===<br />
<br />
==== Tested User Interface ====<br />
The interface of the tested prototype was divided into three distinct areas, the tree view (top-left), the galaxy view (top-right) and the list view (bottom). Combinations of tree and galaxy view were tested in the experiment, with the list view remaining in place.<br />
===== Changes derived from the initial study =====<br />
*a list of documents in the selected collection was added<br />
*layouting of labels in the galaxy view was revised to minimize cluttering<br />
*interactions were optimized based on user feedback received during the initial study<br />
<br />
==== Test Setup ====<br />
Nine employees of the Know-Center were recruited for the <br />
study and divided randomly into three groups of three. Users of <br />
the first group began with the telescope browser (condition GV), <br />
then used the tree view (condition TV), and finally the mixed <br />
view (condition MV) displaying both the tree and the telescope <br />
view . The other two groups used alternating ordering of test <br />
conditions. Before using the telescope browser (either stand-alone <br />
or in conjunction with the tree view), users were given a brief <br />
training on the browser’s features.<br /><br />
The test dataset consisted of 80000 newspaper articles from the German Sueddeutsche Zeitung. Tasks included locating a document or collection within the hierarchy, counting the number of documents in a collection, comparing the number of items in different collections and counting the number of similar documents in a collection.<br /><br />
At the end of each test, an <br />
interview was conducted with the test user to gain additional <br />
feedback. The entire session was videotaped.<br />
<br />
==== Interpretation of Results ====<br />
*A combination of the tree browser and the galaxy browser (mixed mode) yields significantly better results than the use of the galaxy browser alone.<br />
*While not directly comparable, the difference between mixed mode and the tree view in stand-alone mode approach the difference between the telescope view and the tree view found in the initial evaluation.<br />
*When using the tree browser in stand-alone mode, users reported seven time-outs, indicating that they could not solve a given task at all (in reasonable time), while only four time- outs occurred when using the combination of tree and telescope view. It is interesting to note that most users reported time-outs when they got completely lost in the hierarchy and were unable to find a promising path of navigation towards a desired destination. Obviously, the telescope view is useful for comprehending the overall structure of the collection hierarchy and the current position in context. <br />
*In both stand-alone views, about half of all time-outs occurred in task 2, which asked users to locate an item deep in the hierarchy by navigation. However, in mixed mode view only one user reported a time-out for task 2. This further underlines the importance of having both views to keep an overview. <br />
*The labelling problems (i.e. “jumping” labels, overlaps, occlusion) reported in the initial evaluation were rarely mentioned by users in the interviews.<br />
<br />
== Related Work ==<br />
<br />
=== Approaches Based on Inter-Document Similarity ===<br />
<br />
*The Bead system<br />
<br />
*SPIRE<br />
*WEBSOM<br />
<br />
=== Approaches Based on Hierarchical Structure ===<br />
*Hyperbolic Browser<br />
**John Lamping, Ramana Rao, and Peter Pirolli. A focus+context technique based on hyperbolic geometry for visualizing large hierarchies. In Proc. CHI’95, pages 401–408, Denver, Colorado, May 1995. ACM. http://www.acm.org/sigchi/chi95/Electronic/documnts/papers/jl_bdy.htm<br />
**[[Hyperbolic trees]]<br />
*H3 Browser<br />
**Tamara Munzner. H3: Laying out large directed graphs in 3d hyperbolic space. In Proc. IEEE InfoVis’97, pages 2–10, Phoenix, Arizona, October 1997. IEEE Computer Society. http://graphics.stanford.edu/papers/h3/<br />
*[[Cone Trees]]<br />
**George G. Robertson, Jock D. Mackinlay, and Stuart K. Card. Cone trees: Animated 3D visualizations of hierarchical information. In Proc. CHI’91, pages 189–194, New Orleans, Louisiana, May 1991. ACM<br />
*File System Navigator<br />
**Steven L. Strasnick and Joel D. Tesler. Method and apparatus for displaying data within a threedimensional information landscape. US Patent 5528735 , Silicon Graphics, Inc., June 1996. Filed 23rd March 1993, issued 18th June 1996. <br />
**Joel D. Tesler and Steven L. Strasnick. Fsn: The 3d file system navigator. Silicon Graphics, Inc., 1992. <br />
**[http://www.jucs.org/jucs_7_6/discovering_knowledge_through_visual Article: Discovering Knowledge Through Visual Analysis]<br />
**[ftp://ftp.sgi.com/sgi/fsn 3D File System Navigator for IRIX 4.0.1]<br />
*CyberGeo Maps<br />
<br />
=== Integrated Approaches ===<br />
*Information Pyramids<br />
*WebMap´s InternetMap<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[18] <br />
[19] Tobias Skog and Lars Erik Holmquist. Continuous visualization of <br />
web site activity in a public place. In Student Poster, CHI 2000 Extended <br />
Abstracts, The Hague, The Netherlands, April 2000. <br />
http://www.viktoria.informatik.gu.se/groups/play/publications/2000/Web <br />
Aware.pdf. <br />
[20] Lars Erik Holmquist, Henrik Fagrell, and Roberto Busso. Navigating <br />
cyberspace with cybergeo maps. In Proc. of Information Systems Research <br />
Seminar in Scandinavia (IRIS 21), Saeby, Denmark, August 1998. <br />
http://www.viktoria.informatik.gu.se/groups/play/publications/1998/navig <br />
ating.pdf. <br />
[21] Keith Andrews, Josef Wolte, and Michael Pichler. Information <br />
pyramids: A new approach to visualising large hierarchies. In IEEE <br />
Visualization’97, Late Breaking Hot Topics Proc., pages 49–52, Phoenix, <br />
Arizona, October 1997. ftp://ftp.iicm.edu/pub/papers/vis97.pdf. <br />
[22] WebMap. WebMap, 2002. http://www.webmap.com/ <br />
[23] Michael Iron, Roi Neustedt, and Ohad Ranen. Method of graphically <br />
presenting network information. US Patent Application 20010035885A1 , <br />
WebMap, November 2001. Filed 20th March 2001.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Granitzer, M.]], [[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Kienreich, W.]], [[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Sabol, V.]], [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], and Klieber, W. 2004. Evaluating a System for Interactive Exploration of Large, Hierarchically Structured Document Repositories. In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on information Visualization (infovis'04) - Volume 00 (October 10 - 12, 2004). INFOVIS. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, 127-134. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/INFOVIS.2004.19<br />
<br />
=== Further Information ===<br />
* [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], 2006. Evaluating information visualisations. In Proceedings of the 2006 AVI Workshop on Beyond Time and Errors: Novel Evaluation Methods For information Visualization (Venice, Italy, May 23 - 23, 2006). BELIV '06. ACM Press, New York, NY, 1-5. DOI= http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1168149.1168151 <br />
<br/><br />
* [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], [[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Kienreich, W.]], [[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Sabol, V.]], Becker, J., Droschl, G., Kappe, F., [[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Granitzer, M.]], Auer, P., and Tochtermann, K. 2002. The InfoSky visual explorer: exploiting hierarchical structure and document similarities. Information Visualization 1, 3/4 (Dec. 2002), 166-181. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500023</div>Gruppe8 SS07https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=InfoSky&diff=13124InfoSky2007-04-12T14:28:35Z<p>Gruppe8 SS07: /* Approaches Based on Hierarchical Structure */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Authors ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Michael Granitzer]] <br/><br />
*[[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Wolfgang Kienreich]]<br/><br />
*[[Andrews%2C_Keith|Keith Andrews]]<br/><br />
*[[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Vedran Sabol]]<br/><br />
*Werner Klieber<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Short description ==<br />
{{Quotation|The InfoSky visual explorer is a system enabling users to interactively explore large, hierarchically structured document collections. Similar to a real-world telescope, InfoSky employs a planar graphical representation with variable magnification. Documents of similar content are placed close to each other and displayed as stars, while collections of documents at a particular level in the hierarchy are visualised as bounding polygons. Usability testing of an early prototype implementation of InfoSky revealed several design issues which prevented users from fully exploiting the power of the visual metaphor. Evaluation results have been incorporated into an advanced prototype, and another usability test has been conducted. A comparison of test results demonstrates enhanced system performance and points out promising directions for further work.|[Michael Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Navigation through InfoSky (Current Version) ===<br />
<br />
*'''Selecting a collection:''' Left-clicking a collection label selects the collection and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting a document:''' Left-clicking an individual star selects the corresponding document and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting the parent collection:''' A toolbar button allows to place the focus on the parent collection. The viewport is zoomed out to display the collection.<br />
*'''Continuous hierarchical zoom:''' After selecting a collection, zooming in on the visualisation continuously selects deeper hierarchical levels based on magnification and position.<br />
*'''Panning:''' Dragging with the left mouse button pans the viewport. Collections are auto selected based on magnification and position. <br />
*'''Zooming:''' Using the mouse-wheel, the magnification factor of the display can be adjusted.<br />
<br />
=== Algorithms used for Implementation ===<br />
<br />
#[http://iv.slis.indiana.edu/sw/spring.html#Battista Force-directed Placement Algorithm]<br />
#[http://enlvm.usu.edu/ma/nav/toc.jsp?sid=__shared&cid=emready@transformations&bb=published Geometric Transformation]<br />
#[[Area Partition]]<br />
<br />
== Suitable Datatypes ==<br />
Suitable Datatypes for this information visualization technique are hierarchical information structures. The goal of InfoSky is to reduce the complexity of large amounts of text-data (for examples collections of newspaper articles) by presenting it through the metapher of a telescope view in a hierarchically structured form. Text-data can be either Word documents, PDF or HTML files.<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Figures ==<br />
Pictures of the InfoSky Browser 2002<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky1.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
Reengineered InfoSky Browser 2004<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky2.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Important Citations ==<br />
Main challenges of Infosky:<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Hierarchy plus similarity: Represent both the hierarchical organisation of documents and inter-document similarity within a single, consistent visualisation. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Focus plus context: Integrate both a global and a local view of the information space into one seamless visualisation.| [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Stability: Use a stable metaphor which promotes visual recall and recognition of features. The visualisation should remain largely unchanged at a global level even if changes occur to the underlying document repository on a local level. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Unified frame of reference: Support a single, consistent view of the document space for all users, regardless of the access rights of each individual user, thus providing a common frame of reference for all parties. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Exploration: Provide simple, intuitive facilities to browse and search the repository. The visualisation tool should allow the visualisation to display a maximum number of document properties and relationships without any need for user interaction. It should thus offer a means of locating documents without specifying a query, by simply browsing the information space and displaying information within its context. | [ Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Scalability: Visualise very large (hundreds of thousands, if not millions of entities), hierarchically structured document repositories. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Initial Study ===<br />
The goal of the first prototype in 2002 was to compare the InfoSky tree browser, wich is quite similar to usual tree browsers like Microsoft Explorer, to the InfoSky telescope browser. Test persons had to perform several tasks, where they used either the tree browser or the telescope browser. The time to complete a task was measured and the test results showed that people could achieve better results with the more familiar tree browser than the telescope view. For that reason the first InfoSky consisted of two seperate windows, the tree browser on the left side and the telescope browser on the right (see figures). Test persons were also interviewed and the findings of this baseline evaluation have been taken into account, and an extensive redesign phase, followed by another user test has been laid out.<br />
<br />
=== Study in 2004 ===<br />
<br />
==== Tested User Interface ====<br />
The interface of the tested prototype was divided into three distinct areas, the tree view (top-left), the galaxy view (top-right) and the list view (bottom). Combinations of tree and galaxy view were tested in the experiment, with the list view remaining in place.<br />
===== Changes derived from the initial study =====<br />
*a list of documents in the selected collection was added<br />
*layouting of labels in the galaxy view was revised to minimize cluttering<br />
*interactions were optimized based on user feedback received during the initial study<br />
<br />
==== Test Setup ====<br />
Nine employees of the Know-Center were recruited for the <br />
study and divided randomly into three groups of three. Users of <br />
the first group began with the telescope browser (condition GV), <br />
then used the tree view (condition TV), and finally the mixed <br />
view (condition MV) displaying both the tree and the telescope <br />
view . The other two groups used alternating ordering of test <br />
conditions. Before using the telescope browser (either stand-alone <br />
or in conjunction with the tree view), users were given a brief <br />
training on the browser’s features.<br /><br />
The test dataset consisted of 80000 newspaper articles from the German Sueddeutsche Zeitung. Tasks included locating a document or collection within the hierarchy, counting the number of documents in a collection, comparing the number of items in different collections and counting the number of similar documents in a collection.<br /><br />
At the end of each test, an <br />
interview was conducted with the test user to gain additional <br />
feedback. The entire session was videotaped.<br />
<br />
==== Interpretation of Results ====<br />
*A combination of the tree browser and the galaxy browser (mixed mode) yields significantly better results than the use of the galaxy browser alone.<br />
*While not directly comparable, the difference between mixed mode and the tree view in stand-alone mode approach the difference between the telescope view and the tree view found in the initial evaluation.<br />
*When using the tree browser in stand-alone mode, users reported seven time-outs, indicating that they could not solve a given task at all (in reasonable time), while only four time- outs occurred when using the combination of tree and telescope view. It is interesting to note that most users reported time-outs when they got completely lost in the hierarchy and were unable to find a promising path of navigation towards a desired destination. Obviously, the telescope view is useful for comprehending the overall structure of the collection hierarchy and the current position in context. <br />
*In both stand-alone views, about half of all time-outs occurred in task 2, which asked users to locate an item deep in the hierarchy by navigation. However, in mixed mode view only one user reported a time-out for task 2. This further underlines the importance of having both views to keep an overview. <br />
*The labelling problems (i.e. “jumping” labels, overlaps, occlusion) reported in the initial evaluation were rarely mentioned by users in the interviews.<br />
<br />
== Related Work ==<br />
<br />
=== Approaches Based on Inter-Document Similarity ===<br />
<br />
*The Bead system<br />
<br />
*SPIRE<br />
*WEBSOM<br />
<br />
=== Approaches Based on Hierarchical Structure ===<br />
*Hyperbolic Browser<br />
**John Lamping, Ramana Rao, and Peter Pirolli. A focus+context technique based on hyperbolic geometry for visualizing large hierarchies. In Proc. CHI’95, pages 401–408, Denver, Colorado, May 1995. ACM. http://www.acm.org/sigchi/chi95/Electronic/documnts/papers/jl_bdy.htm<br />
**[[Hyperbolic trees]]<br />
*H3 Browser<br />
**Tamara Munzner. H3: Laying out large directed graphs in 3d hyperbolic space. In Proc. IEEE InfoVis’97, pages 2–10, Phoenix, Arizona, October 1997. IEEE Computer Society. http://graphics.stanford.edu/papers/h3/<br />
*[[Cone Trees]]<br />
*File System Navigator<br />
**Steven L. Strasnick and Joel D. Tesler. Method and apparatus for displaying data within a threedimensional information landscape. US Patent 5528735 , Silicon Graphics, Inc., June 1996. Filed 23rd March 1993, issued 18th June 1996. <br />
**Joel D. Tesler and Steven L. Strasnick. Fsn: The 3d file system navigator. Silicon Graphics, Inc., 1992. <br />
**[http://www.jucs.org/jucs_7_6/discovering_knowledge_through_visual Article: Discovering Knowledge Through Visual Analysis]<br />
**[ftp://ftp.sgi.com/sgi/fsn 3D File System Navigator for IRIX 4.0.1]<br />
*CyberGeo Maps<br />
<br />
=== Integrated Approaches ===<br />
*Information Pyramids<br />
*WebMap´s InternetMap<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[18] <br />
[19] Tobias Skog and Lars Erik Holmquist. Continuous visualization of <br />
web site activity in a public place. In Student Poster, CHI 2000 Extended <br />
Abstracts, The Hague, The Netherlands, April 2000. <br />
http://www.viktoria.informatik.gu.se/groups/play/publications/2000/Web <br />
Aware.pdf. <br />
[20] Lars Erik Holmquist, Henrik Fagrell, and Roberto Busso. Navigating <br />
cyberspace with cybergeo maps. In Proc. of Information Systems Research <br />
Seminar in Scandinavia (IRIS 21), Saeby, Denmark, August 1998. <br />
http://www.viktoria.informatik.gu.se/groups/play/publications/1998/navig <br />
ating.pdf. <br />
[21] Keith Andrews, Josef Wolte, and Michael Pichler. Information <br />
pyramids: A new approach to visualising large hierarchies. In IEEE <br />
Visualization’97, Late Breaking Hot Topics Proc., pages 49–52, Phoenix, <br />
Arizona, October 1997. ftp://ftp.iicm.edu/pub/papers/vis97.pdf. <br />
[22] WebMap. WebMap, 2002. http://www.webmap.com/ <br />
[23] Michael Iron, Roi Neustedt, and Ohad Ranen. Method of graphically <br />
presenting network information. US Patent Application 20010035885A1 , <br />
WebMap, November 2001. Filed 20th March 2001.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Granitzer, M.]], [[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Kienreich, W.]], [[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Sabol, V.]], [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], and Klieber, W. 2004. Evaluating a System for Interactive Exploration of Large, Hierarchically Structured Document Repositories. In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on information Visualization (infovis'04) - Volume 00 (October 10 - 12, 2004). INFOVIS. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, 127-134. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/INFOVIS.2004.19<br />
<br />
=== Further Information ===<br />
* [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], 2006. Evaluating information visualisations. In Proceedings of the 2006 AVI Workshop on Beyond Time and Errors: Novel Evaluation Methods For information Visualization (Venice, Italy, May 23 - 23, 2006). BELIV '06. ACM Press, New York, NY, 1-5. DOI= http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1168149.1168151 <br />
<br/><br />
* [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], [[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Kienreich, W.]], [[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Sabol, V.]], Becker, J., Droschl, G., Kappe, F., [[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Granitzer, M.]], Auer, P., and Tochtermann, K. 2002. The InfoSky visual explorer: exploiting hierarchical structure and document similarities. Information Visualization 1, 3/4 (Dec. 2002), 166-181. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500023</div>Gruppe8 SS07https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=InfoSky&diff=13122InfoSky2007-04-12T14:28:25Z<p>Gruppe8 SS07: /* Approaches Based on Hierarchical Structure */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Authors ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Michael Granitzer]] <br/><br />
*[[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Wolfgang Kienreich]]<br/><br />
*[[Andrews%2C_Keith|Keith Andrews]]<br/><br />
*[[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Vedran Sabol]]<br/><br />
*Werner Klieber<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Short description ==<br />
{{Quotation|The InfoSky visual explorer is a system enabling users to interactively explore large, hierarchically structured document collections. Similar to a real-world telescope, InfoSky employs a planar graphical representation with variable magnification. Documents of similar content are placed close to each other and displayed as stars, while collections of documents at a particular level in the hierarchy are visualised as bounding polygons. Usability testing of an early prototype implementation of InfoSky revealed several design issues which prevented users from fully exploiting the power of the visual metaphor. Evaluation results have been incorporated into an advanced prototype, and another usability test has been conducted. A comparison of test results demonstrates enhanced system performance and points out promising directions for further work.|[Michael Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Navigation through InfoSky (Current Version) ===<br />
<br />
*'''Selecting a collection:''' Left-clicking a collection label selects the collection and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting a document:''' Left-clicking an individual star selects the corresponding document and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting the parent collection:''' A toolbar button allows to place the focus on the parent collection. The viewport is zoomed out to display the collection.<br />
*'''Continuous hierarchical zoom:''' After selecting a collection, zooming in on the visualisation continuously selects deeper hierarchical levels based on magnification and position.<br />
*'''Panning:''' Dragging with the left mouse button pans the viewport. Collections are auto selected based on magnification and position. <br />
*'''Zooming:''' Using the mouse-wheel, the magnification factor of the display can be adjusted.<br />
<br />
=== Algorithms used for Implementation ===<br />
<br />
#[http://iv.slis.indiana.edu/sw/spring.html#Battista Force-directed Placement Algorithm]<br />
#[http://enlvm.usu.edu/ma/nav/toc.jsp?sid=__shared&cid=emready@transformations&bb=published Geometric Transformation]<br />
#[[Area Partition]]<br />
<br />
== Suitable Datatypes ==<br />
Suitable Datatypes for this information visualization technique are hierarchical information structures. The goal of InfoSky is to reduce the complexity of large amounts of text-data (for examples collections of newspaper articles) by presenting it through the metapher of a telescope view in a hierarchically structured form. Text-data can be either Word documents, PDF or HTML files.<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Figures ==<br />
Pictures of the InfoSky Browser 2002<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky1.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
Reengineered InfoSky Browser 2004<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky2.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Important Citations ==<br />
Main challenges of Infosky:<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Hierarchy plus similarity: Represent both the hierarchical organisation of documents and inter-document similarity within a single, consistent visualisation. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Focus plus context: Integrate both a global and a local view of the information space into one seamless visualisation.| [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Stability: Use a stable metaphor which promotes visual recall and recognition of features. The visualisation should remain largely unchanged at a global level even if changes occur to the underlying document repository on a local level. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Unified frame of reference: Support a single, consistent view of the document space for all users, regardless of the access rights of each individual user, thus providing a common frame of reference for all parties. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Exploration: Provide simple, intuitive facilities to browse and search the repository. The visualisation tool should allow the visualisation to display a maximum number of document properties and relationships without any need for user interaction. It should thus offer a means of locating documents without specifying a query, by simply browsing the information space and displaying information within its context. | [ Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Scalability: Visualise very large (hundreds of thousands, if not millions of entities), hierarchically structured document repositories. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Initial Study ===<br />
The goal of the first prototype in 2002 was to compare the InfoSky tree browser, wich is quite similar to usual tree browsers like Microsoft Explorer, to the InfoSky telescope browser. Test persons had to perform several tasks, where they used either the tree browser or the telescope browser. The time to complete a task was measured and the test results showed that people could achieve better results with the more familiar tree browser than the telescope view. For that reason the first InfoSky consisted of two seperate windows, the tree browser on the left side and the telescope browser on the right (see figures). Test persons were also interviewed and the findings of this baseline evaluation have been taken into account, and an extensive redesign phase, followed by another user test has been laid out.<br />
<br />
=== Study in 2004 ===<br />
<br />
==== Tested User Interface ====<br />
The interface of the tested prototype was divided into three distinct areas, the tree view (top-left), the galaxy view (top-right) and the list view (bottom). Combinations of tree and galaxy view were tested in the experiment, with the list view remaining in place.<br />
===== Changes derived from the initial study =====<br />
*a list of documents in the selected collection was added<br />
*layouting of labels in the galaxy view was revised to minimize cluttering<br />
*interactions were optimized based on user feedback received during the initial study<br />
<br />
==== Test Setup ====<br />
Nine employees of the Know-Center were recruited for the <br />
study and divided randomly into three groups of three. Users of <br />
the first group began with the telescope browser (condition GV), <br />
then used the tree view (condition TV), and finally the mixed <br />
view (condition MV) displaying both the tree and the telescope <br />
view . The other two groups used alternating ordering of test <br />
conditions. Before using the telescope browser (either stand-alone <br />
or in conjunction with the tree view), users were given a brief <br />
training on the browser’s features.<br /><br />
The test dataset consisted of 80000 newspaper articles from the German Sueddeutsche Zeitung. Tasks included locating a document or collection within the hierarchy, counting the number of documents in a collection, comparing the number of items in different collections and counting the number of similar documents in a collection.<br /><br />
At the end of each test, an <br />
interview was conducted with the test user to gain additional <br />
feedback. The entire session was videotaped.<br />
<br />
==== Interpretation of Results ====<br />
*A combination of the tree browser and the galaxy browser (mixed mode) yields significantly better results than the use of the galaxy browser alone.<br />
*While not directly comparable, the difference between mixed mode and the tree view in stand-alone mode approach the difference between the telescope view and the tree view found in the initial evaluation.<br />
*When using the tree browser in stand-alone mode, users reported seven time-outs, indicating that they could not solve a given task at all (in reasonable time), while only four time- outs occurred when using the combination of tree and telescope view. It is interesting to note that most users reported time-outs when they got completely lost in the hierarchy and were unable to find a promising path of navigation towards a desired destination. Obviously, the telescope view is useful for comprehending the overall structure of the collection hierarchy and the current position in context. <br />
*In both stand-alone views, about half of all time-outs occurred in task 2, which asked users to locate an item deep in the hierarchy by navigation. However, in mixed mode view only one user reported a time-out for task 2. This further underlines the importance of having both views to keep an overview. <br />
*The labelling problems (i.e. “jumping” labels, overlaps, occlusion) reported in the initial evaluation were rarely mentioned by users in the interviews.<br />
<br />
== Related Work ==<br />
<br />
=== Approaches Based on Inter-Document Similarity ===<br />
<br />
*The Bead system<br />
<br />
*SPIRE<br />
*WEBSOM<br />
<br />
=== Approaches Based on Hierarchical Structure ===<br />
*Hyperbolic Browser<br />
<br />
**John Lamping, Ramana Rao, and Peter Pirolli. A focus+context technique based on hyperbolic geometry for visualizing large hierarchies. In Proc. CHI’95, pages 401–408, Denver, Colorado, May 1995. ACM. http://www.acm.org/sigchi/chi95/Electronic/documnts/papers/jl_bdy.htm<br />
**[[Hyperbolic trees]]<br />
*H3 Browser<br />
**Tamara Munzner. H3: Laying out large directed graphs in 3d hyperbolic space. In Proc. IEEE InfoVis’97, pages 2–10, Phoenix, Arizona, October 1997. IEEE Computer Society. http://graphics.stanford.edu/papers/h3/<br />
*[[Cone Trees]]<br />
*File System Navigator<br />
**Steven L. Strasnick and Joel D. Tesler. Method and apparatus for displaying data within a threedimensional information landscape. US Patent 5528735 , Silicon Graphics, Inc., June 1996. Filed 23rd March 1993, issued 18th June 1996. <br />
**Joel D. Tesler and Steven L. Strasnick. Fsn: The 3d file system navigator. Silicon Graphics, Inc., 1992. <br />
**[http://www.jucs.org/jucs_7_6/discovering_knowledge_through_visual Article: Discovering Knowledge Through Visual Analysis]<br />
**[ftp://ftp.sgi.com/sgi/fsn 3D File System Navigator for IRIX 4.0.1]<br />
*CyberGeo Maps<br />
<br />
=== Integrated Approaches ===<br />
*Information Pyramids<br />
*WebMap´s InternetMap<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[18] <br />
[19] Tobias Skog and Lars Erik Holmquist. Continuous visualization of <br />
web site activity in a public place. In Student Poster, CHI 2000 Extended <br />
Abstracts, The Hague, The Netherlands, April 2000. <br />
http://www.viktoria.informatik.gu.se/groups/play/publications/2000/Web <br />
Aware.pdf. <br />
[20] Lars Erik Holmquist, Henrik Fagrell, and Roberto Busso. Navigating <br />
cyberspace with cybergeo maps. In Proc. of Information Systems Research <br />
Seminar in Scandinavia (IRIS 21), Saeby, Denmark, August 1998. <br />
http://www.viktoria.informatik.gu.se/groups/play/publications/1998/navig <br />
ating.pdf. <br />
[21] Keith Andrews, Josef Wolte, and Michael Pichler. Information <br />
pyramids: A new approach to visualising large hierarchies. In IEEE <br />
Visualization’97, Late Breaking Hot Topics Proc., pages 49–52, Phoenix, <br />
Arizona, October 1997. ftp://ftp.iicm.edu/pub/papers/vis97.pdf. <br />
[22] WebMap. WebMap, 2002. http://www.webmap.com/ <br />
[23] Michael Iron, Roi Neustedt, and Ohad Ranen. Method of graphically <br />
presenting network information. US Patent Application 20010035885A1 , <br />
WebMap, November 2001. Filed 20th March 2001.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Granitzer, M.]], [[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Kienreich, W.]], [[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Sabol, V.]], [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], and Klieber, W. 2004. Evaluating a System for Interactive Exploration of Large, Hierarchically Structured Document Repositories. In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on information Visualization (infovis'04) - Volume 00 (October 10 - 12, 2004). INFOVIS. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, 127-134. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/INFOVIS.2004.19<br />
<br />
=== Further Information ===<br />
* [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], 2006. Evaluating information visualisations. In Proceedings of the 2006 AVI Workshop on Beyond Time and Errors: Novel Evaluation Methods For information Visualization (Venice, Italy, May 23 - 23, 2006). BELIV '06. ACM Press, New York, NY, 1-5. DOI= http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1168149.1168151 <br />
<br/><br />
* [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], [[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Kienreich, W.]], [[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Sabol, V.]], Becker, J., Droschl, G., Kappe, F., [[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Granitzer, M.]], Auer, P., and Tochtermann, K. 2002. The InfoSky visual explorer: exploiting hierarchical structure and document similarities. Information Visualization 1, 3/4 (Dec. 2002), 166-181. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500023</div>Gruppe8 SS07https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=InfoSky&diff=13121InfoSky2007-04-12T14:28:07Z<p>Gruppe8 SS07: /* Approaches Based on Hierarchical Structure */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Authors ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Michael Granitzer]] <br/><br />
*[[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Wolfgang Kienreich]]<br/><br />
*[[Andrews%2C_Keith|Keith Andrews]]<br/><br />
*[[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Vedran Sabol]]<br/><br />
*Werner Klieber<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Short description ==<br />
{{Quotation|The InfoSky visual explorer is a system enabling users to interactively explore large, hierarchically structured document collections. Similar to a real-world telescope, InfoSky employs a planar graphical representation with variable magnification. Documents of similar content are placed close to each other and displayed as stars, while collections of documents at a particular level in the hierarchy are visualised as bounding polygons. Usability testing of an early prototype implementation of InfoSky revealed several design issues which prevented users from fully exploiting the power of the visual metaphor. Evaluation results have been incorporated into an advanced prototype, and another usability test has been conducted. A comparison of test results demonstrates enhanced system performance and points out promising directions for further work.|[Michael Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Navigation through InfoSky (Current Version) ===<br />
<br />
*'''Selecting a collection:''' Left-clicking a collection label selects the collection and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting a document:''' Left-clicking an individual star selects the corresponding document and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting the parent collection:''' A toolbar button allows to place the focus on the parent collection. The viewport is zoomed out to display the collection.<br />
*'''Continuous hierarchical zoom:''' After selecting a collection, zooming in on the visualisation continuously selects deeper hierarchical levels based on magnification and position.<br />
*'''Panning:''' Dragging with the left mouse button pans the viewport. Collections are auto selected based on magnification and position. <br />
*'''Zooming:''' Using the mouse-wheel, the magnification factor of the display can be adjusted.<br />
<br />
=== Algorithms used for Implementation ===<br />
<br />
#[http://iv.slis.indiana.edu/sw/spring.html#Battista Force-directed Placement Algorithm]<br />
#[http://enlvm.usu.edu/ma/nav/toc.jsp?sid=__shared&cid=emready@transformations&bb=published Geometric Transformation]<br />
#[[Area Partition]]<br />
<br />
== Suitable Datatypes ==<br />
Suitable Datatypes for this information visualization technique are hierarchical information structures. The goal of InfoSky is to reduce the complexity of large amounts of text-data (for examples collections of newspaper articles) by presenting it through the metapher of a telescope view in a hierarchically structured form. Text-data can be either Word documents, PDF or HTML files.<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Figures ==<br />
Pictures of the InfoSky Browser 2002<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky1.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
Reengineered InfoSky Browser 2004<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky2.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Important Citations ==<br />
Main challenges of Infosky:<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Hierarchy plus similarity: Represent both the hierarchical organisation of documents and inter-document similarity within a single, consistent visualisation. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Focus plus context: Integrate both a global and a local view of the information space into one seamless visualisation.| [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Stability: Use a stable metaphor which promotes visual recall and recognition of features. The visualisation should remain largely unchanged at a global level even if changes occur to the underlying document repository on a local level. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Unified frame of reference: Support a single, consistent view of the document space for all users, regardless of the access rights of each individual user, thus providing a common frame of reference for all parties. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Exploration: Provide simple, intuitive facilities to browse and search the repository. The visualisation tool should allow the visualisation to display a maximum number of document properties and relationships without any need for user interaction. It should thus offer a means of locating documents without specifying a query, by simply browsing the information space and displaying information within its context. | [ Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Scalability: Visualise very large (hundreds of thousands, if not millions of entities), hierarchically structured document repositories. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Initial Study ===<br />
The goal of the first prototype in 2002 was to compare the InfoSky tree browser, wich is quite similar to usual tree browsers like Microsoft Explorer, to the InfoSky telescope browser. Test persons had to perform several tasks, where they used either the tree browser or the telescope browser. The time to complete a task was measured and the test results showed that people could achieve better results with the more familiar tree browser than the telescope view. For that reason the first InfoSky consisted of two seperate windows, the tree browser on the left side and the telescope browser on the right (see figures). Test persons were also interviewed and the findings of this baseline evaluation have been taken into account, and an extensive redesign phase, followed by another user test has been laid out.<br />
<br />
=== Study in 2004 ===<br />
<br />
==== Tested User Interface ====<br />
The interface of the tested prototype was divided into three distinct areas, the tree view (top-left), the galaxy view (top-right) and the list view (bottom). Combinations of tree and galaxy view were tested in the experiment, with the list view remaining in place.<br />
===== Changes derived from the initial study =====<br />
*a list of documents in the selected collection was added<br />
*layouting of labels in the galaxy view was revised to minimize cluttering<br />
*interactions were optimized based on user feedback received during the initial study<br />
<br />
==== Test Setup ====<br />
Nine employees of the Know-Center were recruited for the <br />
study and divided randomly into three groups of three. Users of <br />
the first group began with the telescope browser (condition GV), <br />
then used the tree view (condition TV), and finally the mixed <br />
view (condition MV) displaying both the tree and the telescope <br />
view . The other two groups used alternating ordering of test <br />
conditions. Before using the telescope browser (either stand-alone <br />
or in conjunction with the tree view), users were given a brief <br />
training on the browser’s features.<br /><br />
The test dataset consisted of 80000 newspaper articles from the German Sueddeutsche Zeitung. Tasks included locating a document or collection within the hierarchy, counting the number of documents in a collection, comparing the number of items in different collections and counting the number of similar documents in a collection.<br /><br />
At the end of each test, an <br />
interview was conducted with the test user to gain additional <br />
feedback. The entire session was videotaped.<br />
<br />
==== Interpretation of Results ====<br />
*A combination of the tree browser and the galaxy browser (mixed mode) yields significantly better results than the use of the galaxy browser alone.<br />
*While not directly comparable, the difference between mixed mode and the tree view in stand-alone mode approach the difference between the telescope view and the tree view found in the initial evaluation.<br />
*When using the tree browser in stand-alone mode, users reported seven time-outs, indicating that they could not solve a given task at all (in reasonable time), while only four time- outs occurred when using the combination of tree and telescope view. It is interesting to note that most users reported time-outs when they got completely lost in the hierarchy and were unable to find a promising path of navigation towards a desired destination. Obviously, the telescope view is useful for comprehending the overall structure of the collection hierarchy and the current position in context. <br />
*In both stand-alone views, about half of all time-outs occurred in task 2, which asked users to locate an item deep in the hierarchy by navigation. However, in mixed mode view only one user reported a time-out for task 2. This further underlines the importance of having both views to keep an overview. <br />
*The labelling problems (i.e. “jumping” labels, overlaps, occlusion) reported in the initial evaluation were rarely mentioned by users in the interviews.<br />
<br />
== Related Work ==<br />
<br />
=== Approaches Based on Inter-Document Similarity ===<br />
<br />
*The Bead system<br />
<br />
*SPIRE<br />
*WEBSOM<br />
<br />
=== Approaches Based on Hierarchical Structure ===<br />
*Hyperbolic Browser<br />
<br />
**John Lamping, Ramana Rao, and Peter Pirolli. A focus+context technique based on hyperbolic geometry for visualizing large hierarchies. In Proc. CHI’95, pages 401–408, Denver, Colorado, May 1995. ACM. http://www.acm.org/sigchi/chi95/Electronic/documnts/papers/jl_bdy.htm<br />
<br />
**[[Hyperbolic trees]]<br />
<br />
*H3 Browser<br />
<br />
**Tamara Munzner. H3: Laying out large directed graphs in 3d hyperbolic space. In Proc. IEEE InfoVis’97, pages 2–10, Phoenix, Arizona, October 1997. IEEE Computer Society. http://graphics.stanford.edu/papers/h3/<br />
<br />
*[[Cone Trees]]<br />
*File System Navigator<br />
**Steven L. Strasnick and Joel D. Tesler. Method and apparatus for displaying data within a threedimensional information landscape. US Patent 5528735 , Silicon Graphics, Inc., June 1996. Filed 23rd March 1993, issued 18th June 1996. <br />
**Joel D. Tesler and Steven L. Strasnick. Fsn: The 3d file system navigator. Silicon Graphics, Inc., 1992. <br />
**[http://www.jucs.org/jucs_7_6/discovering_knowledge_through_visual Article: Discovering Knowledge Through Visual Analysis]<br />
**[ftp://ftp.sgi.com/sgi/fsn 3D File System Navigator for IRIX 4.0.1]<br />
*CyberGeo Maps<br />
<br />
=== Integrated Approaches ===<br />
*Information Pyramids<br />
*WebMap´s InternetMap<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[18] <br />
[19] Tobias Skog and Lars Erik Holmquist. Continuous visualization of <br />
web site activity in a public place. In Student Poster, CHI 2000 Extended <br />
Abstracts, The Hague, The Netherlands, April 2000. <br />
http://www.viktoria.informatik.gu.se/groups/play/publications/2000/Web <br />
Aware.pdf. <br />
[20] Lars Erik Holmquist, Henrik Fagrell, and Roberto Busso. Navigating <br />
cyberspace with cybergeo maps. In Proc. of Information Systems Research <br />
Seminar in Scandinavia (IRIS 21), Saeby, Denmark, August 1998. <br />
http://www.viktoria.informatik.gu.se/groups/play/publications/1998/navig <br />
ating.pdf. <br />
[21] Keith Andrews, Josef Wolte, and Michael Pichler. Information <br />
pyramids: A new approach to visualising large hierarchies. In IEEE <br />
Visualization’97, Late Breaking Hot Topics Proc., pages 49–52, Phoenix, <br />
Arizona, October 1997. ftp://ftp.iicm.edu/pub/papers/vis97.pdf. <br />
[22] WebMap. WebMap, 2002. http://www.webmap.com/ <br />
[23] Michael Iron, Roi Neustedt, and Ohad Ranen. Method of graphically <br />
presenting network information. US Patent Application 20010035885A1 , <br />
WebMap, November 2001. Filed 20th March 2001.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Granitzer, M.]], [[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Kienreich, W.]], [[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Sabol, V.]], [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], and Klieber, W. 2004. Evaluating a System for Interactive Exploration of Large, Hierarchically Structured Document Repositories. In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on information Visualization (infovis'04) - Volume 00 (October 10 - 12, 2004). INFOVIS. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, 127-134. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/INFOVIS.2004.19<br />
<br />
=== Further Information ===<br />
* [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], 2006. Evaluating information visualisations. In Proceedings of the 2006 AVI Workshop on Beyond Time and Errors: Novel Evaluation Methods For information Visualization (Venice, Italy, May 23 - 23, 2006). BELIV '06. ACM Press, New York, NY, 1-5. DOI= http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1168149.1168151 <br />
<br/><br />
* [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], [[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Kienreich, W.]], [[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Sabol, V.]], Becker, J., Droschl, G., Kappe, F., [[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Granitzer, M.]], Auer, P., and Tochtermann, K. 2002. The InfoSky visual explorer: exploiting hierarchical structure and document similarities. Information Visualization 1, 3/4 (Dec. 2002), 166-181. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500023</div>Gruppe8 SS07https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=InfoSky&diff=13118InfoSky2007-04-12T14:26:12Z<p>Gruppe8 SS07: /* Approaches Based on Hierarchical Structure */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Authors ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Michael Granitzer]] <br/><br />
*[[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Wolfgang Kienreich]]<br/><br />
*[[Andrews%2C_Keith|Keith Andrews]]<br/><br />
*[[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Vedran Sabol]]<br/><br />
*Werner Klieber<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Short description ==<br />
{{Quotation|The InfoSky visual explorer is a system enabling users to interactively explore large, hierarchically structured document collections. Similar to a real-world telescope, InfoSky employs a planar graphical representation with variable magnification. Documents of similar content are placed close to each other and displayed as stars, while collections of documents at a particular level in the hierarchy are visualised as bounding polygons. Usability testing of an early prototype implementation of InfoSky revealed several design issues which prevented users from fully exploiting the power of the visual metaphor. Evaluation results have been incorporated into an advanced prototype, and another usability test has been conducted. A comparison of test results demonstrates enhanced system performance and points out promising directions for further work.|[Michael Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Navigation through InfoSky (Current Version) ===<br />
<br />
*'''Selecting a collection:''' Left-clicking a collection label selects the collection and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting a document:''' Left-clicking an individual star selects the corresponding document and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting the parent collection:''' A toolbar button allows to place the focus on the parent collection. The viewport is zoomed out to display the collection.<br />
*'''Continuous hierarchical zoom:''' After selecting a collection, zooming in on the visualisation continuously selects deeper hierarchical levels based on magnification and position.<br />
*'''Panning:''' Dragging with the left mouse button pans the viewport. Collections are auto selected based on magnification and position. <br />
*'''Zooming:''' Using the mouse-wheel, the magnification factor of the display can be adjusted.<br />
<br />
=== Algorithms used for Implementation ===<br />
<br />
#[http://iv.slis.indiana.edu/sw/spring.html#Battista Force-directed Placement Algorithm]<br />
#[http://enlvm.usu.edu/ma/nav/toc.jsp?sid=__shared&cid=emready@transformations&bb=published Geometric Transformation]<br />
#[[Area Partition]]<br />
<br />
== Suitable Datatypes ==<br />
Suitable Datatypes for this information visualization technique are hierarchical information structures. The goal of InfoSky is to reduce the complexity of large amounts of text-data (for examples collections of newspaper articles) by presenting it through the metapher of a telescope view in a hierarchically structured form. Text-data can be either Word documents, PDF or HTML files.<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Figures ==<br />
Pictures of the InfoSky Browser 2002<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky1.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
Reengineered InfoSky Browser 2004<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky2.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Important Citations ==<br />
Main challenges of Infosky:<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Hierarchy plus similarity: Represent both the hierarchical organisation of documents and inter-document similarity within a single, consistent visualisation. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Focus plus context: Integrate both a global and a local view of the information space into one seamless visualisation.| [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Stability: Use a stable metaphor which promotes visual recall and recognition of features. The visualisation should remain largely unchanged at a global level even if changes occur to the underlying document repository on a local level. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Unified frame of reference: Support a single, consistent view of the document space for all users, regardless of the access rights of each individual user, thus providing a common frame of reference for all parties. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Exploration: Provide simple, intuitive facilities to browse and search the repository. The visualisation tool should allow the visualisation to display a maximum number of document properties and relationships without any need for user interaction. It should thus offer a means of locating documents without specifying a query, by simply browsing the information space and displaying information within its context. | [ Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Scalability: Visualise very large (hundreds of thousands, if not millions of entities), hierarchically structured document repositories. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Initial Study ===<br />
The goal of the first prototype in 2002 was to compare the InfoSky tree browser, wich is quite similar to usual tree browsers like Microsoft Explorer, to the InfoSky telescope browser. Test persons had to perform several tasks, where they used either the tree browser or the telescope browser. The time to complete a task was measured and the test results showed that people could achieve better results with the more familiar tree browser than the telescope view. For that reason the first InfoSky consisted of two seperate windows, the tree browser on the left side and the telescope browser on the right (see figures). Test persons were also interviewed and the findings of this baseline evaluation have been taken into account, and an extensive redesign phase, followed by another user test has been laid out.<br />
<br />
=== Study in 2004 ===<br />
<br />
==== Tested User Interface ====<br />
The interface of the tested prototype was divided into three distinct areas, the tree view (top-left), the galaxy view (top-right) and the list view (bottom). Combinations of tree and galaxy view were tested in the experiment, with the list view remaining in place.<br />
===== Changes derived from the initial study =====<br />
*a list of documents in the selected collection was added<br />
*layouting of labels in the galaxy view was revised to minimize cluttering<br />
*interactions were optimized based on user feedback received during the initial study<br />
<br />
==== Test Setup ====<br />
Nine employees of the Know-Center were recruited for the <br />
study and divided randomly into three groups of three. Users of <br />
the first group began with the telescope browser (condition GV), <br />
then used the tree view (condition TV), and finally the mixed <br />
view (condition MV) displaying both the tree and the telescope <br />
view . The other two groups used alternating ordering of test <br />
conditions. Before using the telescope browser (either stand-alone <br />
or in conjunction with the tree view), users were given a brief <br />
training on the browser’s features.<br /><br />
The test dataset consisted of 80000 newspaper articles from the German Sueddeutsche Zeitung. Tasks included locating a document or collection within the hierarchy, counting the number of documents in a collection, comparing the number of items in different collections and counting the number of similar documents in a collection.<br /><br />
At the end of each test, an <br />
interview was conducted with the test user to gain additional <br />
feedback. The entire session was videotaped.<br />
<br />
==== Interpretation of Results ====<br />
*A combination of the tree browser and the galaxy browser (mixed mode) yields significantly better results than the use of the galaxy browser alone.<br />
*While not directly comparable, the difference between mixed mode and the tree view in stand-alone mode approach the difference between the telescope view and the tree view found in the initial evaluation.<br />
*When using the tree browser in stand-alone mode, users reported seven time-outs, indicating that they could not solve a given task at all (in reasonable time), while only four time- outs occurred when using the combination of tree and telescope view. It is interesting to note that most users reported time-outs when they got completely lost in the hierarchy and were unable to find a promising path of navigation towards a desired destination. Obviously, the telescope view is useful for comprehending the overall structure of the collection hierarchy and the current position in context. <br />
*In both stand-alone views, about half of all time-outs occurred in task 2, which asked users to locate an item deep in the hierarchy by navigation. However, in mixed mode view only one user reported a time-out for task 2. This further underlines the importance of having both views to keep an overview. <br />
*The labelling problems (i.e. “jumping” labels, overlaps, occlusion) reported in the initial evaluation were rarely mentioned by users in the interviews.<br />
<br />
== Related Work ==<br />
<br />
=== Approaches Based on Inter-Document Similarity ===<br />
<br />
*The Bead system<br />
**Steven L. Strasnick and Joel D. Tesler. Method and apparatus for displaying data within a threedimensional information landscape. US Patent 5528735 , Silicon Graphics, Inc., June 1996. Filed 23rd March 1993, issued 18th June 1996. <br />
*Galaxy of News<br />
**Joel D. Tesler and Steven L. Strasnick. Fsn: The 3d file system navigator. Silicon Graphics, Inc., 1992. <br />
**[http://www.jucs.org/jucs_7_6/discovering_knowledge_through_visual Article:Discovering Knowledge Through Visual Analysis]<br />
**[ftp://ftp.sgi.com/sgi/fsn 3D File System Navigator for IRIX 4.0.1] <br />
*SPIRE<br />
*WEBSOM<br />
<br />
=== Approaches Based on Hierarchical Structure ===<br />
*Hyperbolic Browser<br />
<br />
**John Lamping, Ramana Rao, and Peter Pirolli. A focus+context technique based on hyperbolic geometry for visualizing large hierarchies. In Proc. CHI’95, pages 401–408, Denver, Colorado, May 1995. ACM. http://www.acm.org/sigchi/chi95/Electronic/documnts/papers/jl_bdy.htm<br />
<br />
**[[Hyperbolic trees]]<br />
<br />
*H3 Browser<br />
*[[Cone Trees]]<br />
*File System Navigator<br />
*CyberGeo Maps<br />
<br />
=== Integrated Approaches ===<br />
*Information Pyramids<br />
*WebMap´s InternetMap<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[18] <br />
[19] Tobias Skog and Lars Erik Holmquist. Continuous visualization of <br />
web site activity in a public place. In Student Poster, CHI 2000 Extended <br />
Abstracts, The Hague, The Netherlands, April 2000. <br />
http://www.viktoria.informatik.gu.se/groups/play/publications/2000/Web <br />
Aware.pdf. <br />
[20] Lars Erik Holmquist, Henrik Fagrell, and Roberto Busso. Navigating <br />
cyberspace with cybergeo maps. In Proc. of Information Systems Research <br />
Seminar in Scandinavia (IRIS 21), Saeby, Denmark, August 1998. <br />
http://www.viktoria.informatik.gu.se/groups/play/publications/1998/navig <br />
ating.pdf. <br />
[21] Keith Andrews, Josef Wolte, and Michael Pichler. Information <br />
pyramids: A new approach to visualising large hierarchies. In IEEE <br />
Visualization’97, Late Breaking Hot Topics Proc., pages 49–52, Phoenix, <br />
Arizona, October 1997. ftp://ftp.iicm.edu/pub/papers/vis97.pdf. <br />
[22] WebMap. WebMap, 2002. http://www.webmap.com/ <br />
[23] Michael Iron, Roi Neustedt, and Ohad Ranen. Method of graphically <br />
presenting network information. US Patent Application 20010035885A1 , <br />
WebMap, November 2001. Filed 20th March 2001.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Granitzer, M.]], [[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Kienreich, W.]], [[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Sabol, V.]], [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], and Klieber, W. 2004. Evaluating a System for Interactive Exploration of Large, Hierarchically Structured Document Repositories. In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on information Visualization (infovis'04) - Volume 00 (October 10 - 12, 2004). INFOVIS. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, 127-134. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/INFOVIS.2004.19<br />
<br />
=== Further Information ===<br />
* [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], 2006. Evaluating information visualisations. In Proceedings of the 2006 AVI Workshop on Beyond Time and Errors: Novel Evaluation Methods For information Visualization (Venice, Italy, May 23 - 23, 2006). BELIV '06. ACM Press, New York, NY, 1-5. DOI= http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1168149.1168151 <br />
<br/><br />
* [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], [[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Kienreich, W.]], [[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Sabol, V.]], Becker, J., Droschl, G., Kappe, F., [[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Granitzer, M.]], Auer, P., and Tochtermann, K. 2002. The InfoSky visual explorer: exploiting hierarchical structure and document similarities. Information Visualization 1, 3/4 (Dec. 2002), 166-181. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500023</div>Gruppe8 SS07https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=InfoSky&diff=13116InfoSky2007-04-12T14:02:32Z<p>Gruppe8 SS07: /* Evaluation References */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Authors ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Michael Granitzer]] <br/><br />
*[[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Wolfgang Kienreich]]<br/><br />
*[[Andrews%2C_Keith|Keith Andrews]]<br/><br />
*[[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Vedran Sabol]]<br/><br />
*Werner Klieber<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Short description ==<br />
{{Quotation|The InfoSky visual explorer is a system enabling users to interactively explore large, hierarchically structured document collections. Similar to a real-world telescope, InfoSky employs a planar graphical representation with variable magnification. Documents of similar content are placed close to each other and displayed as stars, while collections of documents at a particular level in the hierarchy are visualised as bounding polygons. Usability testing of an early prototype implementation of InfoSky revealed several design issues which prevented users from fully exploiting the power of the visual metaphor. Evaluation results have been incorporated into an advanced prototype, and another usability test has been conducted. A comparison of test results demonstrates enhanced system performance and points out promising directions for further work.|[Michael Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Navigation through InfoSky (Current Version) ===<br />
<br />
*'''Selecting a collection:''' Left-clicking a collection label selects the collection and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting a document:''' Left-clicking an individual star selects the corresponding document and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting the parent collection:''' A toolbar button allows to place the focus on the parent collection. The viewport is zoomed out to display the collection.<br />
*'''Continuous hierarchical zoom:''' After selecting a collection, zooming in on the visualisation continuously selects deeper hierarchical levels based on magnification and position.<br />
*'''Panning:''' Dragging with the left mouse button pans the viewport. Collections are auto selected based on magnification and position. <br />
*'''Zooming:''' Using the mouse-wheel, the magnification factor of the display can be adjusted.<br />
<br />
=== Algorithms used for Implementation ===<br />
<br />
#[http://iv.slis.indiana.edu/sw/spring.html#Battista Force-directed Placement Algorithm]<br />
#[http://enlvm.usu.edu/ma/nav/toc.jsp?sid=__shared&cid=emready@transformations&bb=published Geometric Transformation]<br />
#[[Area Partition]]<br />
<br />
== Suitable Datatypes ==<br />
Suitable Datatypes for this information visualization technique are hierarchical information structures. The goal of InfoSky is to reduce the complexity of large amounts of text-data (for examples collections of newspaper articles) by presenting it through the metapher of a telescope view in a hierarchically structured form. Text-data can be either Word documents, PDF or HTML files.<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Figures ==<br />
Pictures of the InfoSky Browser 2002<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky1.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
Reengineered InfoSky Browser 2004<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky2.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Important Citations ==<br />
Main challenges of Infosky:<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Hierarchy plus similarity: Represent both the hierarchical organisation of documents and inter-document similarity within a single, consistent visualisation. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Focus plus context: Integrate both a global and a local view of the information space into one seamless visualisation.| [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Stability: Use a stable metaphor which promotes visual recall and recognition of features. The visualisation should remain largely unchanged at a global level even if changes occur to the underlying document repository on a local level. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Unified frame of reference: Support a single, consistent view of the document space for all users, regardless of the access rights of each individual user, thus providing a common frame of reference for all parties. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Exploration: Provide simple, intuitive facilities to browse and search the repository. The visualisation tool should allow the visualisation to display a maximum number of document properties and relationships without any need for user interaction. It should thus offer a means of locating documents without specifying a query, by simply browsing the information space and displaying information within its context. | [ Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Scalability: Visualise very large (hundreds of thousands, if not millions of entities), hierarchically structured document repositories. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Initial Study ===<br />
The goal of the first prototype in 2002 was to compare the InfoSky tree browser, wich is quite similar to usual tree browsers like Microsoft Explorer, to the InfoSky telescope browser. Test persons had to perform several tasks, where they used either the tree browser or the telescope browser. The time to complete a task was measured and the test results showed that people could achieve better results with the more familiar tree browser than the telescope view. For that reason the first InfoSky consisted of two seperate windows, the tree browser on the left side and the telescope browser on the right (see figures). Test persons were also interviewed and the findings of this baseline evaluation have been taken into account, and an extensive redesign phase, followed by another user test has been laid out.<br />
<br />
=== Study in 2004 ===<br />
<br />
==== Tested User Interface ====<br />
The interface of the tested prototype was divided into three distinct areas, the tree view (top-left), the galaxy view (top-right) and the list view (bottom). Combinations of tree and galaxy view were tested in the experiment, with the list view remaining in place.<br />
===== Changes derived from the initial study =====<br />
*a list of documents in the selected collection was added<br />
*layouting of labels in the galaxy view was revised to minimize cluttering<br />
*interactions were optimized based on user feedback received during the initial study<br />
<br />
==== Test Setup ====<br />
Nine employees of the Know-Center were recruited for the <br />
study and divided randomly into three groups of three. Users of <br />
the first group began with the telescope browser (condition GV), <br />
then used the tree view (condition TV), and finally the mixed <br />
view (condition MV) displaying both the tree and the telescope <br />
view . The other two groups used alternating ordering of test <br />
conditions. Before using the telescope browser (either stand-alone <br />
or in conjunction with the tree view), users were given a brief <br />
training on the browser’s features.<br /><br />
The test dataset consisted of 80000 newspaper articles from the German Sueddeutsche Zeitung. Tasks included locating a document or collection within the hierarchy, counting the number of documents in a collection, comparing the number of items in different collections and counting the number of similar documents in a collection.<br /><br />
At the end of each test, an <br />
interview was conducted with the test user to gain additional <br />
feedback. The entire session was videotaped.<br />
<br />
==== Interpretation of Results ====<br />
*A combination of the tree browser and the galaxy browser (mixed mode) yields significantly better results than the use of the galaxy browser alone.<br />
*While not directly comparable, the difference between mixed mode and the tree view in stand-alone mode approach the difference between the telescope view and the tree view found in the initial evaluation.<br />
*When using the tree browser in stand-alone mode, users reported seven time-outs, indicating that they could not solve a given task at all (in reasonable time), while only four time- outs occurred when using the combination of tree and telescope view. It is interesting to note that most users reported time-outs when they got completely lost in the hierarchy and were unable to find a promising path of navigation towards a desired destination. Obviously, the telescope view is useful for comprehending the overall structure of the collection hierarchy and the current position in context. <br />
*In both stand-alone views, about half of all time-outs occurred in task 2, which asked users to locate an item deep in the hierarchy by navigation. However, in mixed mode view only one user reported a time-out for task 2. This further underlines the importance of having both views to keep an overview. <br />
*The labelling problems (i.e. “jumping” labels, overlaps, occlusion) reported in the initial evaluation were rarely mentioned by users in the interviews.<br />
<br />
== Related Work ==<br />
<br />
=== Approaches Based on Inter-Document Similarity ===<br />
<br />
*The Bead system<br />
**Steven L. Strasnick and Joel D. Tesler. Method and apparatus for displaying data within a threedimensional information landscape. US Patent 5528735 , Silicon Graphics, Inc., June 1996. Filed 23rd March 1993, issued 18th June 1996. <br />
*Galaxy of News<br />
**Joel D. Tesler and Steven L. Strasnick. Fsn: The 3d file system navigator. Silicon Graphics, Inc., 1992. <br />
**[ftp://ftp.sgi.com/sgi/fsn 3D File System Navigator for IRIX 4.0.1] <br />
**[http://www.jucs.org/jucs_7_6/discovering_knowledge_through_visual Discovering Knowledge Through Visual Analysis]<br />
*SPIRE<br />
*WEBSOM<br />
<br />
=== Approaches Based on Hierarchical Structure ===<br />
*Hyperbolic Browser<br />
**[[Hyperbolic trees]]<br />
*H3 Browser<br />
*[[Cone Trees]]<br />
*File System Navigator<br />
*CyberGeo Maps<br />
<br />
=== Integrated Approaches ===<br />
*Information Pyramids<br />
*WebMap´s InternetMap<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[18] <br />
[19] Tobias Skog and Lars Erik Holmquist. Continuous visualization of <br />
web site activity in a public place. In Student Poster, CHI 2000 Extended <br />
Abstracts, The Hague, The Netherlands, April 2000. <br />
http://www.viktoria.informatik.gu.se/groups/play/publications/2000/Web <br />
Aware.pdf. <br />
[20] Lars Erik Holmquist, Henrik Fagrell, and Roberto Busso. Navigating <br />
cyberspace with cybergeo maps. In Proc. of Information Systems Research <br />
Seminar in Scandinavia (IRIS 21), Saeby, Denmark, August 1998. <br />
http://www.viktoria.informatik.gu.se/groups/play/publications/1998/navig <br />
ating.pdf. <br />
[21] Keith Andrews, Josef Wolte, and Michael Pichler. Information <br />
pyramids: A new approach to visualising large hierarchies. In IEEE <br />
Visualization’97, Late Breaking Hot Topics Proc., pages 49–52, Phoenix, <br />
Arizona, October 1997. ftp://ftp.iicm.edu/pub/papers/vis97.pdf. <br />
[22] WebMap. WebMap, 2002. http://www.webmap.com/ <br />
[23] Michael Iron, Roi Neustedt, and Ohad Ranen. Method of graphically <br />
presenting network information. US Patent Application 20010035885A1 , <br />
WebMap, November 2001. Filed 20th March 2001.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Granitzer, M.]], [[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Kienreich, W.]], [[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Sabol, V.]], [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], and Klieber, W. 2004. Evaluating a System for Interactive Exploration of Large, Hierarchically Structured Document Repositories. In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on information Visualization (infovis'04) - Volume 00 (October 10 - 12, 2004). INFOVIS. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, 127-134. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/INFOVIS.2004.19<br />
<br />
=== Further Information ===<br />
* [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], 2006. Evaluating information visualisations. In Proceedings of the 2006 AVI Workshop on Beyond Time and Errors: Novel Evaluation Methods For information Visualization (Venice, Italy, May 23 - 23, 2006). BELIV '06. ACM Press, New York, NY, 1-5. DOI= http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1168149.1168151 <br />
<br/><br />
* [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], [[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Kienreich, W.]], [[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Sabol, V.]], Becker, J., Droschl, G., Kappe, F., [[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Granitzer, M.]], Auer, P., and Tochtermann, K. 2002. The InfoSky visual explorer: exploiting hierarchical structure and document similarities. Information Visualization 1, 3/4 (Dec. 2002), 166-181. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500023</div>Gruppe8 SS07https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=InfoSky&diff=13111InfoSky2007-04-12T14:00:38Z<p>Gruppe8 SS07: /* Initial Study */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Authors ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Michael Granitzer]] <br/><br />
*[[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Wolfgang Kienreich]]<br/><br />
*[[Andrews%2C_Keith|Keith Andrews]]<br/><br />
*[[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Vedran Sabol]]<br/><br />
*Werner Klieber<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Short description ==<br />
{{Quotation|The InfoSky visual explorer is a system enabling users to interactively explore large, hierarchically structured document collections. Similar to a real-world telescope, InfoSky employs a planar graphical representation with variable magnification. Documents of similar content are placed close to each other and displayed as stars, while collections of documents at a particular level in the hierarchy are visualised as bounding polygons. Usability testing of an early prototype implementation of InfoSky revealed several design issues which prevented users from fully exploiting the power of the visual metaphor. Evaluation results have been incorporated into an advanced prototype, and another usability test has been conducted. A comparison of test results demonstrates enhanced system performance and points out promising directions for further work.|[Michael Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Navigation through InfoSky (Current Version) ===<br />
<br />
*'''Selecting a collection:''' Left-clicking a collection label selects the collection and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting a document:''' Left-clicking an individual star selects the corresponding document and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting the parent collection:''' A toolbar button allows to place the focus on the parent collection. The viewport is zoomed out to display the collection.<br />
*'''Continuous hierarchical zoom:''' After selecting a collection, zooming in on the visualisation continuously selects deeper hierarchical levels based on magnification and position.<br />
*'''Panning:''' Dragging with the left mouse button pans the viewport. Collections are auto selected based on magnification and position. <br />
*'''Zooming:''' Using the mouse-wheel, the magnification factor of the display can be adjusted.<br />
<br />
=== Algorithms used for Implementation ===<br />
<br />
#[http://iv.slis.indiana.edu/sw/spring.html#Battista Force-directed Placement Algorithm]<br />
#[http://enlvm.usu.edu/ma/nav/toc.jsp?sid=__shared&cid=emready@transformations&bb=published Geometric Transformation]<br />
#[[Area Partition]]<br />
<br />
== Suitable Datatypes ==<br />
Suitable Datatypes for this information visualization technique are hierarchical information structures. The goal of InfoSky is to reduce the complexity of large amounts of text-data (for examples collections of newspaper articles) by presenting it through the metapher of a telescope view in a hierarchically structured form. Text-data can be either Word documents, PDF or HTML files.<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Figures ==<br />
Pictures of the InfoSky Browser 2002<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky1.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
Reengineered InfoSky Browser 2004<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky2.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Important Citations ==<br />
Main challenges of Infosky:<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Hierarchy plus similarity: Represent both the hierarchical organisation of documents and inter-document similarity within a single, consistent visualisation. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Focus plus context: Integrate both a global and a local view of the information space into one seamless visualisation.| [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Stability: Use a stable metaphor which promotes visual recall and recognition of features. The visualisation should remain largely unchanged at a global level even if changes occur to the underlying document repository on a local level. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Unified frame of reference: Support a single, consistent view of the document space for all users, regardless of the access rights of each individual user, thus providing a common frame of reference for all parties. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Exploration: Provide simple, intuitive facilities to browse and search the repository. The visualisation tool should allow the visualisation to display a maximum number of document properties and relationships without any need for user interaction. It should thus offer a means of locating documents without specifying a query, by simply browsing the information space and displaying information within its context. | [ Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Scalability: Visualise very large (hundreds of thousands, if not millions of entities), hierarchically structured document repositories. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Initial Study ===<br />
The goal of the first prototype in 2002 was to compare the InfoSky tree browser, wich is quite similar to usual tree browsers like Microsoft Explorer, to the InfoSky telescope browser. Test persons had to perform several tasks, where they used either the tree browser or the telescope browser. The time to complete a task was measured and the test results showed that people could achieve better results with the more familiar tree browser than the telescope view. For that reason the first InfoSky consisted of two seperate windows, the tree browser on the left side and the telescope browser on the right (see figures). Test persons were also interviewed and the findings of this baseline evaluation have been taken into account, and an extensive redesign phase, followed by another user test has been laid out.<br />
<br />
=== Study in 2004 ===<br />
<br />
==== Tested User Interface ====<br />
The interface of the tested prototype was divided into three distinct areas, the tree view (top-left), the galaxy view (top-right) and the list view (bottom). Combinations of tree and galaxy view were tested in the experiment, with the list view remaining in place.<br />
===== Changes derived from the initial study =====<br />
*a list of documents in the selected collection was added<br />
*layouting of labels in the galaxy view was revised to minimize cluttering<br />
*interactions were optimized based on user feedback received during the initial study<br />
<br />
==== Test Setup ====<br />
Nine employees of the Know-Center were recruited for the <br />
study and divided randomly into three groups of three. Users of <br />
the first group began with the telescope browser (condition GV), <br />
then used the tree view (condition TV), and finally the mixed <br />
view (condition MV) displaying both the tree and the telescope <br />
view . The other two groups used alternating ordering of test <br />
conditions. Before using the telescope browser (either stand-alone <br />
or in conjunction with the tree view), users were given a brief <br />
training on the browser’s features.<br /><br />
The test dataset consisted of 80000 newspaper articles from the German Sueddeutsche Zeitung. Tasks included locating a document or collection within the hierarchy, counting the number of documents in a collection, comparing the number of items in different collections and counting the number of similar documents in a collection.<br /><br />
At the end of each test, an <br />
interview was conducted with the test user to gain additional <br />
feedback. The entire session was videotaped.<br />
<br />
==== Interpretation of Results ====<br />
*A combination of the tree browser and the galaxy browser (mixed mode) yields significantly better results than the use of the galaxy browser alone.<br />
*While not directly comparable, the difference between mixed mode and the tree view in stand-alone mode approach the difference between the telescope view and the tree view found in the initial evaluation.<br />
*When using the tree browser in stand-alone mode, users reported seven time-outs, indicating that they could not solve a given task at all (in reasonable time), while only four time- outs occurred when using the combination of tree and telescope view. It is interesting to note that most users reported time-outs when they got completely lost in the hierarchy and were unable to find a promising path of navigation towards a desired destination. Obviously, the telescope view is useful for comprehending the overall structure of the collection hierarchy and the current position in context. <br />
*In both stand-alone views, about half of all time-outs occurred in task 2, which asked users to locate an item deep in the hierarchy by navigation. However, in mixed mode view only one user reported a time-out for task 2. This further underlines the importance of having both views to keep an overview. <br />
*The labelling problems (i.e. “jumping” labels, overlaps, occlusion) reported in the initial evaluation were rarely mentioned by users in the interviews.<br />
<br />
== Related Work ==<br />
<br />
=== Approaches Based on Inter-Document Similarity ===<br />
<br />
*The Bead system<br />
**Steven L. Strasnick and Joel D. Tesler. Method and apparatus for displaying data within a threedimensional information landscape. US Patent 5528735 , Silicon Graphics, Inc., June 1996. Filed 23rd March 1993, issued 18th June 1996. <br />
*Galaxy of News<br />
**Joel D. Tesler and Steven L. Strasnick. Fsn: The 3d file system navigator. Silicon Graphics, Inc., 1992. **[ftp://ftp.sgi.com/sgi/fsn] <br />
**[http://www.jucs.org/jucs_7_6/discovering_knowledge_through_visual]<br />
*SPIRE<br />
*WEBSOM<br />
<br />
=== Approaches Based on Hierarchical Structure ===<br />
*Hyperbolic Browser<br />
**[[Hyperbolic trees]]<br />
*H3 Browser<br />
*[[Cone Trees]]<br />
*File System Navigator<br />
*CyberGeo Maps<br />
<br />
=== Integrated Approaches ===<br />
*Information Pyramids<br />
*WebMap´s InternetMap<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[18] <br />
[19] Tobias Skog and Lars Erik Holmquist. Continuous visualization of <br />
web site activity in a public place. In Student Poster, CHI 2000 Extended <br />
Abstracts, The Hague, The Netherlands, April 2000. <br />
http://www.viktoria.informatik.gu.se/groups/play/publications/2000/Web <br />
Aware.pdf. <br />
[20] Lars Erik Holmquist, Henrik Fagrell, and Roberto Busso. Navigating <br />
cyberspace with cybergeo maps. In Proc. of Information Systems Research <br />
Seminar in Scandinavia (IRIS 21), Saeby, Denmark, August 1998. <br />
http://www.viktoria.informatik.gu.se/groups/play/publications/1998/navig <br />
ating.pdf. <br />
[21] Keith Andrews, Josef Wolte, and Michael Pichler. Information <br />
pyramids: A new approach to visualising large hierarchies. In IEEE <br />
Visualization’97, Late Breaking Hot Topics Proc., pages 49–52, Phoenix, <br />
Arizona, October 1997. ftp://ftp.iicm.edu/pub/papers/vis97.pdf. <br />
[22] WebMap. WebMap, 2002. http://www.webmap.com/ <br />
[23] Michael Iron, Roi Neustedt, and Ohad Ranen. Method of graphically <br />
presenting network information. US Patent Application 20010035885A1 , <br />
WebMap, November 2001. Filed 20th March 2001.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Granitzer, M.]], [[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Kienreich, W.]], [[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Sabol, V.]], [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], and Klieber, W. 2004. Evaluating a System for Interactive Exploration of Large, Hierarchically Structured Document Repositories. In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on information Visualization (infovis'04) - Volume 00 (October 10 - 12, 2004). INFOVIS. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, 127-134. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/INFOVIS.2004.19<br />
<br />
=== Further Information ===<br />
* [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], 2006. Evaluating information visualisations. In Proceedings of the 2006 AVI Workshop on Beyond Time and Errors: Novel Evaluation Methods For information Visualization (Venice, Italy, May 23 - 23, 2006). BELIV '06. ACM Press, New York, NY, 1-5. DOI= http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1168149.1168151 <br />
<br/><br />
* [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], [[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Kienreich, W.]], [[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Sabol, V.]], Becker, J., Droschl, G., Kappe, F., [[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Granitzer, M.]], Auer, P., and Tochtermann, K. 2002. The InfoSky visual explorer: exploiting hierarchical structure and document similarities. Information Visualization 1, 3/4 (Dec. 2002), 166-181. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500023<br />
<br />
== Evaluation References ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Techniques]]<br />
[[Category:Hierarchical Data]]</div>Gruppe8 SS07https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=InfoSky&diff=13104InfoSky2007-04-12T13:47:16Z<p>Gruppe8 SS07: /* Initial Study */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Authors ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Michael Granitzer]] <br/><br />
*[[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Wolfgang Kienreich]]<br/><br />
*[[Andrews%2C_Keith|Keith Andrews]]<br/><br />
*[[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Vedran Sabol]]<br/><br />
*Werner Klieber<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Short description ==<br />
{{Quotation|The InfoSky visual explorer is a system enabling users to interactively explore large, hierarchically structured document collections. Similar to a real-world telescope, InfoSky employs a planar graphical representation with variable magnification. Documents of similar content are placed close to each other and displayed as stars, while collections of documents at a particular level in the hierarchy are visualised as bounding polygons. Usability testing of an early prototype implementation of InfoSky revealed several design issues which prevented users from fully exploiting the power of the visual metaphor. Evaluation results have been incorporated into an advanced prototype, and another usability test has been conducted. A comparison of test results demonstrates enhanced system performance and points out promising directions for further work.|[Michael Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Navigation through InfoSky (Current Version) ===<br />
<br />
*'''Selecting a collection:''' Left-clicking a collection label selects the collection and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting a document:''' Left-clicking an individual star selects the corresponding document and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting the parent collection:''' A toolbar button allows to place the focus on the parent collection. The viewport is zoomed out to display the collection.<br />
*'''Continuous hierarchical zoom:''' After selecting a collection, zooming in on the visualisation continuously selects deeper hierarchical levels based on magnification and position.<br />
*'''Panning:''' Dragging with the left mouse button pans the viewport. Collections are auto selected based on magnification and position. <br />
*'''Zooming:''' Using the mouse-wheel, the magnification factor of the display can be adjusted.<br />
<br />
=== Algorithms used for Implementation ===<br />
<br />
#[http://iv.slis.indiana.edu/sw/spring.html#Battista Force-directed Placement Algorithm]<br />
#[http://enlvm.usu.edu/ma/nav/toc.jsp?sid=__shared&cid=emready@transformations&bb=published Geometric Transformation]<br />
#[[Area Partition]]<br />
<br />
== Suitable Datatypes ==<br />
Suitable Datatypes for this information visualization technique are hierarchical information structures. The goal of InfoSky is to reduce the complexity of large amounts of text-data (for examples collections of newspaper articles) by presenting it through the metapher of a telescope view in a hierarchically structured form. Text-data can be either Word documents, PDF or HTML files.<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Figures ==<br />
Pictures of the InfoSky Browser 2002<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky1.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
Reengineered InfoSky Browser 2004<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky2.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Important Citations ==<br />
Main challenges of Infosky:<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Hierarchy plus similarity: Represent both the hierarchical organisation of documents and inter-document similarity within a single, consistent visualisation. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Focus plus context: Integrate both a global and a local view of the information space into one seamless visualisation.| [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Stability: Use a stable metaphor which promotes visual recall and recognition of features. The visualisation should remain largely unchanged at a global level even if changes occur to the underlying document repository on a local level. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Unified frame of reference: Support a single, consistent view of the document space for all users, regardless of the access rights of each individual user, thus providing a common frame of reference for all parties. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Exploration: Provide simple, intuitive facilities to browse and search the repository. The visualisation tool should allow the visualisation to display a maximum number of document properties and relationships without any need for user interaction. It should thus offer a means of locating documents without specifying a query, by simply browsing the information space and displaying information within its context. | [ Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Scalability: Visualise very large (hundreds of thousands, if not millions of entities), hierarchically structured document repositories. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Initial Study ===<br />
The goal of the first prototype in 2002 was to compare the InfoSky tree browser, wich is quite similar to usual tree browsers like Microsoft Explorer, to the InfoSky telescope browser. Test persons had to perform several tasks, where they used either the tree browser or the telescope browser. The time to complete a task was measured and the test results showed that the telescope browser alone is not better than the tree browser. <br />
people could find documents in a certain depth of the hierarchy much faster with the intuitive telescope browser.<br />
<br />
=== Study in 2004 ===<br />
<br />
==== Tested User Interface ====<br />
The interface of the tested prototype was divided into three distinct areas, the tree view (top-left), the galaxy view (top-right) and the list view (bottom). Combinations of tree and galaxy view were tested in the experiment, with the list view remaining in place.<br />
===== Changes derived from the initial study =====<br />
*a list of documents in the selected collection was added<br />
*layouting of labels in the galaxy view was revised to minimize cluttering<br />
*interactions were optimized based on user feedback received during the initial study<br />
<br />
==== Test Setup ====<br />
Nine employees of the Know-Center were recruited for the <br />
study and divided randomly into three groups of three. Users of <br />
the first group began with the telescope browser (condition GV), <br />
then used the tree view (condition TV), and finally the mixed <br />
view (condition MV) displaying both the tree and the telescope <br />
view . The other two groups used alternating ordering of test <br />
conditions. Before using the telescope browser (either stand-alone <br />
or in conjunction with the tree view), users were given a brief <br />
training on the browser’s features.<br /><br />
The test dataset consisted of 80000 newspaper articles from the German Sueddeutsche Zeitung. Tasks included locating a document or collection within the hierarchy, counting the number of documents in a collection, comparing the number of items in different collections and counting the number of similar documents in a collection.<br /><br />
At the end of each test, an <br />
interview was conducted with the test user to gain additional <br />
feedback. The entire session was videotaped.<br />
<br />
==== Interpretation of Results ====<br />
*A combination of the tree browser and the galaxy browser (mixed mode) yields significantly better results than the use of the galaxy browser alone.<br />
*While not directly comparable, the difference between mixed mode and the tree view in stand-alone mode approach the difference between the telescope view and the tree view found in the initial evaluation.<br />
*When using the tree browser in stand-alone mode, users reported seven time-outs, indicating that they could not solve a given task at all (in reasonable time), while only four time- outs occurred when using the combination of tree and telescope view. It is interesting to note that most users reported time-outs when they got completely lost in the hierarchy and were unable to find a promising path of navigation towards a desired destination. Obviously, the telescope view is useful for comprehending the overall structure of the collection hierarchy and the current position in context. <br />
*In both stand-alone views, about half of all time-outs occurred in task 2, which asked users to locate an item deep in the hierarchy by navigation. However, in mixed mode view only one user reported a time-out for task 2. This further underlines the importance of having both views to keep an overview. <br />
*The labelling problems (i.e. “jumping” labels, overlaps, occlusion) reported in the initial evaluation were rarely mentioned by users in the interviews.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Granitzer, M.]], [[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Kienreich, W.]], [[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Sabol, V.]], [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], and Klieber, W. 2004. Evaluating a System for Interactive Exploration of Large, Hierarchically Structured Document Repositories. In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on information Visualization (infovis'04) - Volume 00 (October 10 - 12, 2004). INFOVIS. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, 127-134. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/INFOVIS.2004.19<br />
<br />
=== Further Information ===<br />
* [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], 2006. Evaluating information visualisations. In Proceedings of the 2006 AVI Workshop on Beyond Time and Errors: Novel Evaluation Methods For information Visualization (Venice, Italy, May 23 - 23, 2006). BELIV '06. ACM Press, New York, NY, 1-5. DOI= http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1168149.1168151 <br />
<br/><br />
* [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], [[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Kienreich, W.]], [[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Sabol, V.]], Becker, J., Droschl, G., Kappe, F., [[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Granitzer, M.]], Auer, P., and Tochtermann, K. 2002. The InfoSky visual explorer: exploiting hierarchical structure and document similarities. Information Visualization 1, 3/4 (Dec. 2002), 166-181. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500023<br />
<br />
== Evaluation References ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Techniques]]<br />
[[Category:Hierarchical Data]]</div>Gruppe8 SS07https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=InfoSky&diff=13097InfoSky2007-04-12T13:40:42Z<p>Gruppe8 SS07: /* Initial Study */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Authors ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Michael Granitzer]] <br/><br />
*[[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Wolfgang Kienreich]]<br/><br />
*[[Andrews%2C_Keith|Keith Andrews]]<br/><br />
*[[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Vedran Sabol]]<br/><br />
*Werner Klieber<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Short description ==<br />
{{Quotation|The InfoSky visual explorer is a system enabling users to interactively explore large, hierarchically structured document collections. Similar to a real-world telescope, InfoSky employs a planar graphical representation with variable magnification. Documents of similar content are placed close to each other and displayed as stars, while collections of documents at a particular level in the hierarchy are visualised as bounding polygons. Usability testing of an early prototype implementation of InfoSky revealed several design issues which prevented users from fully exploiting the power of the visual metaphor. Evaluation results have been incorporated into an advanced prototype, and another usability test has been conducted. A comparison of test results demonstrates enhanced system performance and points out promising directions for further work.|[Michael Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Navigation through InfoSky (Current Version) ===<br />
<br />
*'''Selecting a collection:''' Left-clicking a collection label selects the collection and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting a document:''' Left-clicking an individual star selects the corresponding document and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting the parent collection:''' A toolbar button allows to place the focus on the parent collection. The viewport is zoomed out to display the collection.<br />
*'''Continuous hierarchical zoom:''' After selecting a collection, zooming in on the visualisation continuously selects deeper hierarchical levels based on magnification and position.<br />
*'''Panning:''' Dragging with the left mouse button pans the viewport. Collections are auto selected based on magnification and position. <br />
*'''Zooming:''' Using the mouse-wheel, the magnification factor of the display can be adjusted.<br />
<br />
=== Algorithms used for Implementation ===<br />
<br />
#[http://iv.slis.indiana.edu/sw/spring.html#Battista Force-directed Placement Algorithm]<br />
#[http://enlvm.usu.edu/ma/nav/toc.jsp?sid=__shared&cid=emready@transformations&bb=published Geometric Transformation]<br />
#[[Area Partition]]<br />
<br />
== Suitable Datatypes ==<br />
Suitable Datatypes for this information visualization technique are hierarchical information structures. The goal of InfoSky is to reduce the complexity of large amounts of text-data (for examples collections of newspaper articles) by presenting it through the metapher of a telescope view in a hierarchically structured form. Text-data can be either Word documents, PDF or HTML files.<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Figures ==<br />
Pictures of the InfoSky Browser 2002<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky1.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
Reengineered InfoSky Browser 2004<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky2.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Important Citations ==<br />
Main challenges of Infosky:<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Hierarchy plus similarity: Represent both the hierarchical organisation of documents and inter-document similarity within a single, consistent visualisation. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Focus plus context: Integrate both a global and a local view of the information space into one seamless visualisation.| [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Stability: Use a stable metaphor which promotes visual recall and recognition of features. The visualisation should remain largely unchanged at a global level even if changes occur to the underlying document repository on a local level. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Unified frame of reference: Support a single, consistent view of the document space for all users, regardless of the access rights of each individual user, thus providing a common frame of reference for all parties. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Exploration: Provide simple, intuitive facilities to browse and search the repository. The visualisation tool should allow the visualisation to display a maximum number of document properties and relationships without any need for user interaction. It should thus offer a means of locating documents without specifying a query, by simply browsing the information space and displaying information within its context. | [ Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Scalability: Visualise very large (hundreds of thousands, if not millions of entities), hierarchically structured document repositories. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Initial Study ===<br />
The goal of the first prototype in 2002 was to compare the InfoSky tree browser, wich is quite similar to usual tree browsers like Microsoft Explorer, and the InfoSky telescope browser. Test persons had to perform several tasks, where they used either the tree browser or the telescope browser. Time to complete a task was measured and the test results showed, that people could find documents with a certain depth in the hierarchy much faster with the intuitive teleskope browser.<br />
<br />
=== Study in 2004 ===<br />
<br />
==== Tested User Interface ====<br />
The interface of the tested prototype was divided into three distinct areas, the tree view (top-left), the galaxy view (top-right) and the list view (bottom). Combinations of tree and galaxy view were tested in the experiment, with the list view remaining in place.<br />
===== Changes derived from initial study =====<br />
*a list of documents in the selected collection was added<br />
*layouting of labels in the galaxy view was revised to minimize cluttering<br />
*interactions were optimized based on user feedback received during the initial study<br />
<br />
==== Test Setup ====<br />
Nine employees of the Know-Center were recruited for the <br />
study and divided randomly into three groups of three. Users of <br />
the first group began with the telescope browser (condition GV), <br />
then used the tree view (condition TV), and finally the mixed <br />
view (condition MV) displaying both the tree and the telescope <br />
view . The other two groups used alternating ordering of test <br />
conditions. Before using the telescope browser (either stand-alone <br />
or in conjunction with the tree view), users were given a brief <br />
training on the browser’s features.<br /><br />
The test dataset consisted of 80000 newspaper articles from the German Sueddeutsche Zeitung. Tasks included locating a document or collection within the hierarchy, counting the number of documents in a collection, comparing the number of items in different collections and counting the number of similar documents in a collection.<br /><br />
At the end of each test, an <br />
interview was conducted with the test user to gain additional <br />
feedback. The entire session was videotaped.<br />
<br />
==== Interpretation of Results ====<br />
*A combination of the tree browser and the galaxy browser (mixed mode) yields significantly better results than the use of the galaxy browser alone.<br />
*While not directly comparable, the difference between mixed mode and the tree view in stand-alone mode approach the difference between the telescope view and the tree view found in the initial evaluation.<br />
*When using the tree browser in stand-alone mode, users reported seven time-outs, indicating that they could not solve a given task at all (in reasonable time), while only four time- outs occurred when using the combination of tree and <br />
telescope view. It is interesting to note that most users reported time-outs when they got completely lost in the hierarchy and were unable to find a promising path of navigation towards a desired destination. Obviously, the telescope view is useful for comprehending the overall structure of the collection hierarchy and the current position in context. <br />
*In both stand-alone views, about half of all time-outs occurred in task 2, which asked users to locate an item deep in the hierarchy by navigation. However, in mixed mode view only one user reported a time-out for task 2. This further underlines the importance of having both views to keep an overview. <br />
*The labelling problems (i.e. “jumping” labels, overlaps, occlusion) reported in the initial evaluation were rarely mentioned by users in the interviews.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Granitzer, M.]], [[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Kienreich, W.]], [[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Sabol, V.]], [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], and Klieber, W. 2004. Evaluating a System for Interactive Exploration of Large, Hierarchically Structured Document Repositories. In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on information Visualization (infovis'04) - Volume 00 (October 10 - 12, 2004). INFOVIS. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, 127-134. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/INFOVIS.2004.19<br />
<br />
=== Further Information ===<br />
* [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], 2006. Evaluating information visualisations. In Proceedings of the 2006 AVI Workshop on Beyond Time and Errors: Novel Evaluation Methods For information Visualization (Venice, Italy, May 23 - 23, 2006). BELIV '06. ACM Press, New York, NY, 1-5. DOI= http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1168149.1168151 <br />
<br/><br />
* [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], [[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Kienreich, W.]], [[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Sabol, V.]], Becker, J., Droschl, G., Kappe, F., [[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Granitzer, M.]], Auer, P., and Tochtermann, K. 2002. The InfoSky visual explorer: exploiting hierarchical structure and document similarities. Information Visualization 1, 3/4 (Dec. 2002), 166-181. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500023<br />
<br />
== Evaluation References ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Techniques]]<br />
[[Category:Hierarchical Data]]</div>Gruppe8 SS07https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=InfoSky&diff=13094InfoSky2007-04-12T13:40:13Z<p>Gruppe8 SS07: /* Initial Study */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Authors ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Michael Granitzer]] <br/><br />
*[[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Wolfgang Kienreich]]<br/><br />
*[[Andrews%2C_Keith|Keith Andrews]]<br/><br />
*[[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Vedran Sabol]]<br/><br />
*Werner Klieber<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Short description ==<br />
{{Quotation|The InfoSky visual explorer is a system enabling users to interactively explore large, hierarchically structured document collections. Similar to a real-world telescope, InfoSky employs a planar graphical representation with variable magnification. Documents of similar content are placed close to each other and displayed as stars, while collections of documents at a particular level in the hierarchy are visualised as bounding polygons. Usability testing of an early prototype implementation of InfoSky revealed several design issues which prevented users from fully exploiting the power of the visual metaphor. Evaluation results have been incorporated into an advanced prototype, and another usability test has been conducted. A comparison of test results demonstrates enhanced system performance and points out promising directions for further work.|[Michael Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Navigation through InfoSky (Current Version) ===<br />
<br />
*'''Selecting a collection:''' Left-clicking a collection label selects the collection and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting a document:''' Left-clicking an individual star selects the corresponding document and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting the parent collection:''' A toolbar button allows to place the focus on the parent collection. The viewport is zoomed out to display the collection.<br />
*'''Continuous hierarchical zoom:''' After selecting a collection, zooming in on the visualisation continuously selects deeper hierarchical levels based on magnification and position.<br />
*'''Panning:''' Dragging with the left mouse button pans the viewport. Collections are auto selected based on magnification and position. <br />
*'''Zooming:''' Using the mouse-wheel, the magnification factor of the display can be adjusted.<br />
<br />
=== Algorithms used for Implementation ===<br />
<br />
#[http://iv.slis.indiana.edu/sw/spring.html#Battista Force-directed Placement Algorithm]<br />
#[http://enlvm.usu.edu/ma/nav/toc.jsp?sid=__shared&cid=emready@transformations&bb=published Geometric Transformation]<br />
#[[Area Partition]]<br />
<br />
== Suitable Datatypes ==<br />
Suitable Datatypes for this information visualization technique are hierarchical information structures. The goal of InfoSky is to reduce the complexity of large amounts of text-data (for examples collections of newspaper articles) by presenting it through the metapher of a telescope view in a hierarchically structured form. Text-data can be either Word documents, PDF or HTML files.<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Figures ==<br />
Pictures of the InfoSky Browser 2002<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky1.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
Reengineered InfoSky Browser 2004<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky2.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Important Citations ==<br />
Main challenges of Infosky:<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Hierarchy plus similarity: Represent both the hierarchical organisation of documents and inter-document similarity within a single, consistent visualisation. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Focus plus context: Integrate both a global and a local view of the information space into one seamless visualisation.| [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Stability: Use a stable metaphor which promotes visual recall and recognition of features. The visualisation should remain largely unchanged at a global level even if changes occur to the underlying document repository on a local level. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Unified frame of reference: Support a single, consistent view of the document space for all users, regardless of the access rights of each individual user, thus providing a common frame of reference for all parties. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Exploration: Provide simple, intuitive facilities to browse and search the repository. The visualisation tool should allow the visualisation to display a maximum number of document properties and relationships without any need for user interaction. It should thus offer a means of locating documents without specifying a query, by simply browsing the information space and displaying information within its context. | [ Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Scalability: Visualise very large (hundreds of thousands, if not millions of entities), hierarchically structured document repositories. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Initial Study ===<br />
The goal of the first prototype in 2002 was to compare the InfoSky tree browser, wich is quite similar to usual tree browsers like Microsoft Explorer, and the InfoSky telescope browser. Test persons had to perform several tasks, where they used either the tree browser or the telescope browser. Time to complete a task was measured and the test results showed, that people could find documents with a certain depth in the hierarchy much faster with the intuitive teleskope brwser.<br />
<br />
=== Study in 2004 ===<br />
<br />
==== Tested User Interface ====<br />
The interface of the tested prototype was divided into three distinct areas, the tree view (top-left), the galaxy view (top-right) and the list view (bottom). Combinations of tree and galaxy view were tested in the experiment, with the list view remaining in place.<br />
===== Changes derived from initial study =====<br />
*a list of documents in the selected collection was added<br />
*layouting of labels in the galaxy view was revised to minimize cluttering<br />
*interactions were optimized based on user feedback received during the initial study<br />
<br />
==== Test Setup ====<br />
Nine employees of the Know-Center were recruited for the <br />
study and divided randomly into three groups of three. Users of <br />
the first group began with the telescope browser (condition GV), <br />
then used the tree view (condition TV), and finally the mixed <br />
view (condition MV) displaying both the tree and the telescope <br />
view . The other two groups used alternating ordering of test <br />
conditions. Before using the telescope browser (either stand-alone <br />
or in conjunction with the tree view), users were given a brief <br />
training on the browser’s features.<br /><br />
The test dataset consisted of 80000 newspaper articles from the German Sueddeutsche Zeitung. Tasks included locating a document or collection within the hierarchy, counting the number of documents in a collection, comparing the number of items in different collections and counting the number of similar documents in a collection.<br /><br />
At the end of each test, an <br />
interview was conducted with the test user to gain additional <br />
feedback. The entire session was videotaped.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Granitzer, M.]], [[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Kienreich, W.]], [[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Sabol, V.]], [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], and Klieber, W. 2004. Evaluating a System for Interactive Exploration of Large, Hierarchically Structured Document Repositories. In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on information Visualization (infovis'04) - Volume 00 (October 10 - 12, 2004). INFOVIS. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, 127-134. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/INFOVIS.2004.19<br />
<br />
=== Further Information ===<br />
* [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], 2006. Evaluating information visualisations. In Proceedings of the 2006 AVI Workshop on Beyond Time and Errors: Novel Evaluation Methods For information Visualization (Venice, Italy, May 23 - 23, 2006). BELIV '06. ACM Press, New York, NY, 1-5. DOI= http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1168149.1168151 <br />
<br/><br />
* [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], [[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Kienreich, W.]], [[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Sabol, V.]], Becker, J., Droschl, G., Kappe, F., [[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Granitzer, M.]], Auer, P., and Tochtermann, K. 2002. The InfoSky visual explorer: exploiting hierarchical structure and document similarities. Information Visualization 1, 3/4 (Dec. 2002), 166-181. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500023<br />
<br />
== Evaluation References ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Techniques]]<br />
[[Category:Hierarchical Data]]</div>Gruppe8 SS07https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=InfoSky&diff=13093InfoSky2007-04-12T13:40:01Z<p>Gruppe8 SS07: /* Initial Study */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Authors ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Michael Granitzer]] <br/><br />
*[[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Wolfgang Kienreich]]<br/><br />
*[[Andrews%2C_Keith|Keith Andrews]]<br/><br />
*[[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Vedran Sabol]]<br/><br />
*Werner Klieber<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Short description ==<br />
{{Quotation|The InfoSky visual explorer is a system enabling users to interactively explore large, hierarchically structured document collections. Similar to a real-world telescope, InfoSky employs a planar graphical representation with variable magnification. Documents of similar content are placed close to each other and displayed as stars, while collections of documents at a particular level in the hierarchy are visualised as bounding polygons. Usability testing of an early prototype implementation of InfoSky revealed several design issues which prevented users from fully exploiting the power of the visual metaphor. Evaluation results have been incorporated into an advanced prototype, and another usability test has been conducted. A comparison of test results demonstrates enhanced system performance and points out promising directions for further work.|[Michael Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Navigation through InfoSky (Current Version) ===<br />
<br />
*'''Selecting a collection:''' Left-clicking a collection label selects the collection and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting a document:''' Left-clicking an individual star selects the corresponding document and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting the parent collection:''' A toolbar button allows to place the focus on the parent collection. The viewport is zoomed out to display the collection.<br />
*'''Continuous hierarchical zoom:''' After selecting a collection, zooming in on the visualisation continuously selects deeper hierarchical levels based on magnification and position.<br />
*'''Panning:''' Dragging with the left mouse button pans the viewport. Collections are auto selected based on magnification and position. <br />
*'''Zooming:''' Using the mouse-wheel, the magnification factor of the display can be adjusted.<br />
<br />
=== Algorithms used for Implementation ===<br />
<br />
#[http://iv.slis.indiana.edu/sw/spring.html#Battista Force-directed Placement Algorithm]<br />
#[http://enlvm.usu.edu/ma/nav/toc.jsp?sid=__shared&cid=emready@transformations&bb=published Geometric Transformation]<br />
#[[Area Partition]]<br />
<br />
== Suitable Datatypes ==<br />
Suitable Datatypes for this information visualization technique are hierarchical information structures. The goal of InfoSky is to reduce the complexity of large amounts of text-data (for examples collections of newspaper articles) by presenting it through the metapher of a telescope view in a hierarchically structured form. Text-data can be either Word documents, PDF or HTML files.<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Figures ==<br />
Pictures of the InfoSky Browser 2002<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky1.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
Reengineered InfoSky Browser 2004<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky2.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Important Citations ==<br />
Main challenges of Infosky:<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Hierarchy plus similarity: Represent both the hierarchical organisation of documents and inter-document similarity within a single, consistent visualisation. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Focus plus context: Integrate both a global and a local view of the information space into one seamless visualisation.| [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Stability: Use a stable metaphor which promotes visual recall and recognition of features. The visualisation should remain largely unchanged at a global level even if changes occur to the underlying document repository on a local level. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Unified frame of reference: Support a single, consistent view of the document space for all users, regardless of the access rights of each individual user, thus providing a common frame of reference for all parties. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Exploration: Provide simple, intuitive facilities to browse and search the repository. The visualisation tool should allow the visualisation to display a maximum number of document properties and relationships without any need for user interaction. It should thus offer a means of locating documents without specifying a query, by simply browsing the information space and displaying information within its context. | [ Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Scalability: Visualise very large (hundreds of thousands, if not millions of entities), hierarchically structured document repositories. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Initial Study ===<br />
The goal of the first prototype in 2002 was to compare the InfoSky tree browser, wich is quite similar to usual tree browsers like Microsoft Explorer, and the InfoSky telescope browser. Test persons had to perform several tasks, where they used either the tree browser or the telescope browser. Time to complete a task was measured and the test results showed, that people could find documents with a certain depth in the hierarchy much faster with the intuitive teleskope brwser. <br />
<br />
<br />
* [[Cockburn%2C_Andrew|Andrew Cockburn]]<br/><br />
<br />
=== Study in 2004 ===<br />
<br />
==== Tested User Interface ====<br />
The interface of the tested prototype was divided into three distinct areas, the tree view (top-left), the galaxy view (top-right) and the list view (bottom). Combinations of tree and galaxy view were tested in the experiment, with the list view remaining in place.<br />
===== Changes derived from initial study =====<br />
*a list of documents in the selected collection was added<br />
*layouting of labels in the galaxy view was revised to minimize cluttering<br />
*interactions were optimized based on user feedback received during the initial study<br />
<br />
==== Test Setup ====<br />
Nine employees of the Know-Center were recruited for the <br />
study and divided randomly into three groups of three. Users of <br />
the first group began with the telescope browser (condition GV), <br />
then used the tree view (condition TV), and finally the mixed <br />
view (condition MV) displaying both the tree and the telescope <br />
view . The other two groups used alternating ordering of test <br />
conditions. Before using the telescope browser (either stand-alone <br />
or in conjunction with the tree view), users were given a brief <br />
training on the browser’s features.<br /><br />
The test dataset consisted of 80000 newspaper articles from the German Sueddeutsche Zeitung. Tasks included locating a document or collection within the hierarchy, counting the number of documents in a collection, comparing the number of items in different collections and counting the number of similar documents in a collection.<br /><br />
At the end of each test, an <br />
interview was conducted with the test user to gain additional <br />
feedback. The entire session was videotaped.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Granitzer, M.]], [[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Kienreich, W.]], [[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Sabol, V.]], [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], and Klieber, W. 2004. Evaluating a System for Interactive Exploration of Large, Hierarchically Structured Document Repositories. In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on information Visualization (infovis'04) - Volume 00 (October 10 - 12, 2004). INFOVIS. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, 127-134. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/INFOVIS.2004.19<br />
<br />
=== Further Information ===<br />
* [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], 2006. Evaluating information visualisations. In Proceedings of the 2006 AVI Workshop on Beyond Time and Errors: Novel Evaluation Methods For information Visualization (Venice, Italy, May 23 - 23, 2006). BELIV '06. ACM Press, New York, NY, 1-5. DOI= http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1168149.1168151 <br />
<br/><br />
* [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], [[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Kienreich, W.]], [[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Sabol, V.]], Becker, J., Droschl, G., Kappe, F., [[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Granitzer, M.]], Auer, P., and Tochtermann, K. 2002. The InfoSky visual explorer: exploiting hierarchical structure and document similarities. Information Visualization 1, 3/4 (Dec. 2002), 166-181. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500023<br />
<br />
== Evaluation References ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Techniques]]<br />
[[Category:Hierarchical Data]]</div>Gruppe8 SS07https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=Infosky&diff=13085Infosky2007-04-12T12:58:52Z<p>Gruppe8 SS07: Infosky moved to InfoSky</p>
<hr />
<div>#redirect [[InfoSky]]</div>Gruppe8 SS07https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=InfoSky&diff=13084InfoSky2007-04-12T12:58:52Z<p>Gruppe8 SS07: Infosky moved to InfoSky</p>
<hr />
<div>== Authors ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Michael Granitzer]] <br/><br />
*[[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Wolfgang Kienreich]]<br/><br />
*[[Andrews%2C_Keith|Keith Andrews]]<br/><br />
*[[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Vedran Sabol]]<br/><br />
*Werner Klieber<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Short description ==<br />
{{Quotation|The InfoSky visual explorer is a system enabling users to interactively explore large, hierarchically structured document collections. Similar to a real-world telescope, InfoSky employs a planar graphical representation with variable magnification. Documents of similar content are placed close to each other and displayed as stars, while collections of documents at a particular level in the hierarchy are visualised as bounding polygons. Usability testing of an early prototype implementation of InfoSky revealed several design issues which prevented users from fully exploiting the power of the visual metaphor. Evaluation results have been incorporated into an advanced prototype, and another usability test has been conducted. A comparison of test results demonstrates enhanced system performance and points out promising directions for further work.|[Michael Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Navigation through InfoSky (Current Version) ===<br />
<br />
*'''Selecting a collection:''' Left-clicking a collection label selects the collection and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting a document:''' Left-clicking an individual star selects the corresponding document and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting the parent collection:''' A toolbar button allows to place the focus on the parent collection. The viewport is zoomed out to display the collection.<br />
*'''Continuous hierarchical zoom:''' After selecting a collection, zooming in on the visualisation continuously selects deeper hierarchical levels based on magnification and position.<br />
*'''Panning:''' Dragging with the left mouse button pans the viewport. Collections are auto selected based on magnification and position. <br />
*'''Zooming:''' Using the mouse-wheel, the magnification factor of the display can be adjusted.<br />
<br />
=== Algorithms used for Implementation ===<br />
<br />
#[http://iv.slis.indiana.edu/sw/spring.html#Battista Force-directed Placement Algorithm]<br />
#[http://enlvm.usu.edu/ma/nav/toc.jsp?sid=__shared&cid=emready@transformations&bb=published Geometric Transformation]<br />
#[[Area Partition]]<br />
<br />
== Suitable Datatypes ==<br />
Suitable Datatypes for this information visualization technique are hierarchical information structures. The goal of InfoSky is to reduce the complexity of large amounts of text-data (for examples collections of newspaper articles) by presenting it through the metapher of a telescope view in a hierarchically structured form. Text-data can be either Word documents, PDF or HTML files.<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Figures ==<br />
Pictures of the InfoSky Browser 2002<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky1.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
Reengineered InfoSky Browser 2004<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky2.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Important Citations ==<br />
Main challenges of Infosky:<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Hierarchy plus similarity: Represent both the hierarchical organisation of documents and inter-document similarity within a single, consistent visualisation. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Focus plus context: Integrate both a global and a local view of the information space into one seamless visualisation.| [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Stability: Use a stable metaphor which promotes visual recall and recognition of features. The visualisation should remain largely unchanged at a global level even if changes occur to the underlying document repository on a local level. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Unified frame of reference: Support a single, consistent view of the document space for all users, regardless of the access rights of each individual user, thus providing a common frame of reference for all parties. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Exploration: Provide simple, intuitive facilities to browse and search the repository. The visualisation tool should allow the visualisation to display a maximum number of document properties and relationships without any need for user interaction. It should thus offer a means of locating documents without specifying a query, by simply browsing the information space and displaying information within its context. | [ Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Scalability: Visualise very large (hundreds of thousands, if not millions of entities), hierarchically structured document repositories. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Initial Study ===<br />
* [[Cockburn%2C_Andrew|Andrew Cockburn]]<br/><br />
<br />
=== Study in 2004 ===<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
* [[McKenzie%2C_Bruce|Bruce McKenzie]]<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Granitzer, M.]], [[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Kienreich, W.]], [[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Sabol, V.]], [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], and Klieber, W. 2004. Evaluating a System for Interactive Exploration of Large, Hierarchically Structured Document Repositories. In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on information Visualization (infovis'04) - Volume 00 (October 10 - 12, 2004). INFOVIS. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, 127-134. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/INFOVIS.2004.19<br />
<br />
=== Further Information ===<br />
* [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], 2006. Evaluating information visualisations. In Proceedings of the 2006 AVI Workshop on Beyond Time and Errors: Novel Evaluation Methods For information Visualization (Venice, Italy, May 23 - 23, 2006). BELIV '06. ACM Press, New York, NY, 1-5. DOI= http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1168149.1168151 <br />
<br/><br />
* [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], [[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Kienreich, W.]], [[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Sabol, V.]], Becker, J., Droschl, G., Kappe, F., [[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Granitzer, M.]], Auer, P., and Tochtermann, K. 2002. The InfoSky visual explorer: exploiting hierarchical structure and document similarities. Information Visualization 1, 3/4 (Dec. 2002), 166-181. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500023<br />
<br />
== Evaluation References ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Techniques]]<br />
[[Category:Hierarchical Data]]</div>Gruppe8 SS07https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=InfoSky&diff=13072InfoSky2007-04-11T18:38:43Z<p>Gruppe8 SS07: /* Evaluation References */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Authors ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Michael Granitzer]] <br/><br />
*[[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Wolfgang Kienreich]]<br/><br />
*[[Andrews%2C_Keith|Keith Andrews]]<br/><br />
*[[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Vedran Sabol]]<br/><br />
*Werner Klieber<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Short description ==<br />
{{Quotation|The InfoSky visual explorer is a system enabling users to interactively explore large, hierarchically structured document collections. Similar to a real-world telescope, InfoSky employs a planar graphical representation with variable magnification. Documents of similar content are placed close to each other and displayed as stars, while collections of documents at a particular level in the hierarchy are visualised as bounding polygons. Usability testing of an early prototype implementation of InfoSky revealed several design issues which prevented users from fully exploiting the power of the visual metaphor. Evaluation results have been incorporated into an advanced prototype, and another usability test has been conducted. A comparison of test results demonstrates enhanced system performance and points out promising directions for further work.|[Michael Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br />
=== Algorithms used for Implementation ===<br />
<br />
#[http://iv.slis.indiana.edu/sw/spring.html#Battista Force-directed Placement Algorithm]<br />
#[http://enlvm.usu.edu/ma/nav/toc.jsp?sid=__shared&cid=emready@transformations&bb=published Geometric Transformation]<br />
#[[Area Partition]]<br />
<br />
== Suitable Datatypes ==<br />
Suitable Datatypes for this information visualization technique are hierarchical information structures. The goal of InfoSky is to reduce the complexity of large amounts of text-data (for examples collections of newspaper articles) by presenting it through the metapher of a telescope view in a hierarchically structured form. Text-data can be either Word documents, PDF or HTML files.<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Figures ==<br />
Pictures of the InfoSky Browser 2002<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky1.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
Reengineered InfoSky Browser 2004<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky2.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Important Citations ==<br />
Main challenges of Infosky:<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Hierarchy plus similarity: Represent both the hierarchical organisation of documents and inter-document similarity within a single, consistent visualisation. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Focus plus context: Integrate both a global and a local view of the information space into one seamless visualisation.| [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Stability: Use a stable metaphor which promotes visual recall and recognition of features. The visualisation should remain largely unchanged at a global level even if changes occur to the underlying document repository on a local level. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Unified frame of reference: Support a single, consistent view of the document space for all users, regardless of the access rights of each individual user, thus providing a common frame of reference for all parties. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Exploration: Provide simple, intuitive facilities to browse and search the repository. The visualisation tool should allow the visualisation to display a maximum number of document properties and relationships without any need for user interaction. It should thus offer a means of locating documents without specifying a query, by simply browsing the information space and displaying information within its context. | [ Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Scalability: Visualise very large (hundreds of thousands, if not millions of entities), hierarchically structured document repositories. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Initial Study ===<br />
* [[Cockburn%2C_Andrew|Andrew Cockburn]]<br/><br />
<br />
=== Study in 2004 ===<br />
<br />
==== Navigation in InfoSky (Current Version) ====<br />
<br />
*'''Selecting a collection:''' Left-clicking a collection label selects the collection and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting a document:''' Left-clicking an individual star selects the corresponding document and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting the parent collection:''' A toolbar button allows to place the focus on the parent collection. The viewport is zoomed out to display the collection.<br />
*'''Continuous hierarchical zoom:''' After selecting a collection, zooming in on the visualisation continuously selects deeper hierarchical levels based on magnification and position.<br />
*'''Panning:''' Dragging with the left mouse button pans the viewport. Collections are auto selected based on magnification and position. <br />
*'''Zooming:''' Using the mouse-wheel, the magnification factor of the display can be adjusted. <br />
<br />
<br />
* [[McKenzie%2C_Bruce|Bruce McKenzie]]<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Granitzer, M.]], [[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Kienreich, W.]], [[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Sabol, V.]], [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], and Klieber, W. 2004. Evaluating a System for Interactive Exploration of Large, Hierarchically Structured Document Repositories. In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on information Visualization (infovis'04) - Volume 00 (October 10 - 12, 2004). INFOVIS. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, 127-134. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/INFOVIS.2004.19<br />
<br />
=== Further Information ===<br />
* [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], 2006. Evaluating information visualisations. In Proceedings of the 2006 AVI Workshop on Beyond Time and Errors: Novel Evaluation Methods For information Visualization (Venice, Italy, May 23 - 23, 2006). BELIV '06. ACM Press, New York, NY, 1-5. DOI= http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1168149.1168151 <br />
<br/><br />
* [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], [[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Kienreich, W.]], [[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Sabol, V.]], Becker, J., Droschl, G., Kappe, F., [[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Granitzer, M.]], Auer, P., and Tochtermann, K. 2002. The InfoSky visual explorer: exploiting hierarchical structure and document similarities. Information Visualization 1, 3/4 (Dec. 2002), 166-181. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500023<br />
<br />
== Evaluation References ==<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Techniques]]<br />
[[Category:Hierarchical Data]]</div>Gruppe8 SS07https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=InfoSky&diff=13071InfoSky2007-04-11T18:38:03Z<p>Gruppe8 SS07: /* References */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Authors ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Michael Granitzer]] <br/><br />
*[[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Wolfgang Kienreich]]<br/><br />
*[[Andrews%2C_Keith|Keith Andrews]]<br/><br />
*[[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Vedran Sabol]]<br/><br />
*Werner Klieber<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Short description ==<br />
{{Quotation|The InfoSky visual explorer is a system enabling users to interactively explore large, hierarchically structured document collections. Similar to a real-world telescope, InfoSky employs a planar graphical representation with variable magnification. Documents of similar content are placed close to each other and displayed as stars, while collections of documents at a particular level in the hierarchy are visualised as bounding polygons. Usability testing of an early prototype implementation of InfoSky revealed several design issues which prevented users from fully exploiting the power of the visual metaphor. Evaluation results have been incorporated into an advanced prototype, and another usability test has been conducted. A comparison of test results demonstrates enhanced system performance and points out promising directions for further work.|[Michael Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br />
=== Algorithms used for Implementation ===<br />
<br />
#[http://iv.slis.indiana.edu/sw/spring.html#Battista Force-directed Placement Algorithm]<br />
#[http://enlvm.usu.edu/ma/nav/toc.jsp?sid=__shared&cid=emready@transformations&bb=published Geometric Transformation]<br />
#[[Area Partition]]<br />
<br />
== Suitable Datatypes ==<br />
Suitable Datatypes for this information visualization technique are hierarchical information structures. The goal of InfoSky is to reduce the complexity of large amounts of text-data (for examples collections of newspaper articles) by presenting it through the metapher of a telescope view in a hierarchically structured form. Text-data can be either Word documents, PDF or HTML files.<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Figures ==<br />
Pictures of the InfoSky Browser 2002<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky1.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
Reengineered InfoSky Browser 2004<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky2.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Important Citations ==<br />
Main challenges of Infosky:<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Hierarchy plus similarity: Represent both the hierarchical organisation of documents and inter-document similarity within a single, consistent visualisation. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Focus plus context: Integrate both a global and a local view of the information space into one seamless visualisation.| [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Stability: Use a stable metaphor which promotes visual recall and recognition of features. The visualisation should remain largely unchanged at a global level even if changes occur to the underlying document repository on a local level. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Unified frame of reference: Support a single, consistent view of the document space for all users, regardless of the access rights of each individual user, thus providing a common frame of reference for all parties. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Exploration: Provide simple, intuitive facilities to browse and search the repository. The visualisation tool should allow the visualisation to display a maximum number of document properties and relationships without any need for user interaction. It should thus offer a means of locating documents without specifying a query, by simply browsing the information space and displaying information within its context. | [ Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Scalability: Visualise very large (hundreds of thousands, if not millions of entities), hierarchically structured document repositories. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Initial Study ===<br />
* [[Cockburn%2C_Andrew|Andrew Cockburn]]<br/><br />
<br />
=== Study in 2004 ===<br />
<br />
==== Navigation in InfoSky (Current Version) ====<br />
<br />
*'''Selecting a collection:''' Left-clicking a collection label selects the collection and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting a document:''' Left-clicking an individual star selects the corresponding document and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting the parent collection:''' A toolbar button allows to place the focus on the parent collection. The viewport is zoomed out to display the collection.<br />
*'''Continuous hierarchical zoom:''' After selecting a collection, zooming in on the visualisation continuously selects deeper hierarchical levels based on magnification and position.<br />
*'''Panning:''' Dragging with the left mouse button pans the viewport. Collections are auto selected based on magnification and position. <br />
*'''Zooming:''' Using the mouse-wheel, the magnification factor of the display can be adjusted. <br />
<br />
<br />
* [[McKenzie%2C_Bruce|Bruce McKenzie]]<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Granitzer, M.]], [[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Kienreich, W.]], [[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Sabol, V.]], [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], and Klieber, W. 2004. Evaluating a System for Interactive Exploration of Large, Hierarchically Structured Document Repositories. In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on information Visualization (infovis'04) - Volume 00 (October 10 - 12, 2004). INFOVIS. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, 127-134. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/INFOVIS.2004.19<br />
<br />
=== Further Information ===<br />
* [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], 2006. Evaluating information visualisations. In Proceedings of the 2006 AVI Workshop on Beyond Time and Errors: Novel Evaluation Methods For information Visualization (Venice, Italy, May 23 - 23, 2006). BELIV '06. ACM Press, New York, NY, 1-5. DOI= http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1168149.1168151 <br />
<br/><br />
* [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], [[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Kienreich, W.]], [[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Sabol, V.]], Becker, J., Droschl, G., Kappe, F., [[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Granitzer, M.]], Auer, P., and Tochtermann, K. 2002. The InfoSky visual explorer: exploiting hierarchical structure and document similarities. Information Visualization 1, 3/4 (Dec. 2002), 166-181. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500023<br />
<br />
== Evaluation References ==<br />
* [Cockburn and McKenzie, 2000] Andrew Cockburn and Bruce McKenzie. An Evaluation of Cone Trees. In ''People and Computers XIV: British Computer Society Conference on Human Computer Interaction 2000'', p425--436. Springer-Verlag. <br/> <br/><br />
<br />
* [Hearst and Karadi, 1997] Marti A. Hearst and Chandu Karadi. Cat-a-Cone: An Interactive Interface for Specifying Searches and Viewing Retrieval Results using a Large Category Hierarchy. In ''Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference'', pages 246-- 255, Philadelphia, PA, July 1997''<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
* [Hemmje, 1994] Matthias Hemmje, LyberWorld - A 3D Graphical User Interface for Fulltext Retrieval. Created at: May 7-11 1995. Retrieved at: April 13, 2006. [http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/230000/223759/p417-hemmje.pdf?key1=223759&key2=5327835411&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=69627115&CFTOKEN=87748242 http://delivery.acm.org/...]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Techniques]]<br />
[[Category:Hierarchical Data]]</div>Gruppe8 SS07https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=InfoSky&diff=13070InfoSky2007-04-11T18:37:48Z<p>Gruppe8 SS07: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Authors ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Michael Granitzer]] <br/><br />
*[[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Wolfgang Kienreich]]<br/><br />
*[[Andrews%2C_Keith|Keith Andrews]]<br/><br />
*[[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Vedran Sabol]]<br/><br />
*Werner Klieber<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Short description ==<br />
{{Quotation|The InfoSky visual explorer is a system enabling users to interactively explore large, hierarchically structured document collections. Similar to a real-world telescope, InfoSky employs a planar graphical representation with variable magnification. Documents of similar content are placed close to each other and displayed as stars, while collections of documents at a particular level in the hierarchy are visualised as bounding polygons. Usability testing of an early prototype implementation of InfoSky revealed several design issues which prevented users from fully exploiting the power of the visual metaphor. Evaluation results have been incorporated into an advanced prototype, and another usability test has been conducted. A comparison of test results demonstrates enhanced system performance and points out promising directions for further work.|[Michael Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br />
=== Algorithms used for Implementation ===<br />
<br />
#[http://iv.slis.indiana.edu/sw/spring.html#Battista Force-directed Placement Algorithm]<br />
#[http://enlvm.usu.edu/ma/nav/toc.jsp?sid=__shared&cid=emready@transformations&bb=published Geometric Transformation]<br />
#[[Area Partition]]<br />
<br />
== Suitable Datatypes ==<br />
Suitable Datatypes for this information visualization technique are hierarchical information structures. The goal of InfoSky is to reduce the complexity of large amounts of text-data (for examples collections of newspaper articles) by presenting it through the metapher of a telescope view in a hierarchically structured form. Text-data can be either Word documents, PDF or HTML files.<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Figures ==<br />
Pictures of the InfoSky Browser 2002<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky1.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
Reengineered InfoSky Browser 2004<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky2.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Important Citations ==<br />
Main challenges of Infosky:<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Hierarchy plus similarity: Represent both the hierarchical organisation of documents and inter-document similarity within a single, consistent visualisation. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Focus plus context: Integrate both a global and a local view of the information space into one seamless visualisation.| [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Stability: Use a stable metaphor which promotes visual recall and recognition of features. The visualisation should remain largely unchanged at a global level even if changes occur to the underlying document repository on a local level. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Unified frame of reference: Support a single, consistent view of the document space for all users, regardless of the access rights of each individual user, thus providing a common frame of reference for all parties. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Exploration: Provide simple, intuitive facilities to browse and search the repository. The visualisation tool should allow the visualisation to display a maximum number of document properties and relationships without any need for user interaction. It should thus offer a means of locating documents without specifying a query, by simply browsing the information space and displaying information within its context. | [ Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Scalability: Visualise very large (hundreds of thousands, if not millions of entities), hierarchically structured document repositories. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Initial Study ===<br />
* [[Cockburn%2C_Andrew|Andrew Cockburn]]<br/><br />
<br />
=== Study in 2004 ===<br />
<br />
==== Navigation in InfoSky (Current Version) ====<br />
<br />
*'''Selecting a collection:''' Left-clicking a collection label selects the collection and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting a document:''' Left-clicking an individual star selects the corresponding document and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting the parent collection:''' A toolbar button allows to place the focus on the parent collection. The viewport is zoomed out to display the collection.<br />
*'''Continuous hierarchical zoom:''' After selecting a collection, zooming in on the visualisation continuously selects deeper hierarchical levels based on magnification and position.<br />
*'''Panning:''' Dragging with the left mouse button pans the viewport. Collections are auto selected based on magnification and position. <br />
*'''Zooming:''' Using the mouse-wheel, the magnification factor of the display can be adjusted. <br />
<br />
<br />
* [[McKenzie%2C_Bruce|Bruce McKenzie]]<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Granitzer, M.]], [[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Kienreich, W.]], [[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Sabol, V.]], [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], and Klieber, W. 2004. Evaluating a System for Interactive Exploration of Large, Hierarchically Structured Document Repositories. In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on information Visualization (infovis'04) - Volume 00 (October 10 - 12, 2004). INFOVIS. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, 127-134. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/INFOVIS.2004.19<br />
<br/><br />
=== Further Information ===<br />
* [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], 2006. Evaluating information visualisations. In Proceedings of the 2006 AVI Workshop on Beyond Time and Errors: Novel Evaluation Methods For information Visualization (Venice, Italy, May 23 - 23, 2006). BELIV '06. ACM Press, New York, NY, 1-5. DOI= http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1168149.1168151 <br />
<br/><br />
* [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], [[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Kienreich, W.]], [[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Sabol, V.]], Becker, J., Droschl, G., Kappe, F., [[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Granitzer, M.]], Auer, P., and Tochtermann, K. 2002. The InfoSky visual explorer: exploiting hierarchical structure and document similarities. Information Visualization 1, 3/4 (Dec. 2002), 166-181. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500023<br />
<br />
== Evaluation References ==<br />
* [Cockburn and McKenzie, 2000] Andrew Cockburn and Bruce McKenzie. An Evaluation of Cone Trees. In ''People and Computers XIV: British Computer Society Conference on Human Computer Interaction 2000'', p425--436. Springer-Verlag. <br/> <br/><br />
<br />
* [Hearst and Karadi, 1997] Marti A. Hearst and Chandu Karadi. Cat-a-Cone: An Interactive Interface for Specifying Searches and Viewing Retrieval Results using a Large Category Hierarchy. In ''Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference'', pages 246-- 255, Philadelphia, PA, July 1997''<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
* [Hemmje, 1994] Matthias Hemmje, LyberWorld - A 3D Graphical User Interface for Fulltext Retrieval. Created at: May 7-11 1995. Retrieved at: April 13, 2006. [http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/230000/223759/p417-hemmje.pdf?key1=223759&key2=5327835411&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=69627115&CFTOKEN=87748242 http://delivery.acm.org/...]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Techniques]]<br />
[[Category:Hierarchical Data]]</div>Gruppe8 SS07https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=InfoSky&diff=13061InfoSky2007-04-11T18:26:12Z<p>Gruppe8 SS07: /* Short description */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Authors ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Michael Granitzer]] <br/><br />
*[[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Wolfgang Kienreich]]<br/><br />
*[[Andrews%2C_Keith|Keith Andrews]]<br/><br />
*[[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Vedran Sabol]]<br/><br />
*Werner Klieber<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Short description ==<br />
{{Quotation|The InfoSky visual explorer is a system enabling users to interactively explore large, hierarchically structured document collections. Similar to a real-world telescope, InfoSky employs a planar graphical representation with variable magnification. Documents of similar content are placed close to each other and displayed as stars, while collections of documents at a particular level in the hierarchy are visualised as bounding polygons. Usability testing of an early prototype implementation of InfoSky revealed several design issues which prevented users from fully exploiting the power of the visual metaphor. Evaluation results have been incorporated into an advanced prototype, and another usability test has been conducted. A comparison of test results demonstrates enhanced system performance and points out promising directions for further work.|[Michael Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br />
== Suitable Datatypes ==<br />
Suitable Datatypes for this information visualization technique are hierarchical information structures. The goal of InfoSky is to reduce the complexity of large amounts of text-data (for examples collections of newspaper articles) by presenting it through the metapher of a telescope view in a hierarchically structured form. Text-data can be either Word documents, PDF or HTML files.<br/><br />
<br />
== Figures ==<br />
Pictures of the InfoSky Browser 2002<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky1.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
Reengineered InfoSky Browser 2004<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky2.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Important Citations ==<br />
Main challenges of Infosky:<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Hierarchy plus similarity: Represent both the hierarchical organisation of documents and inter-document similarity within a single, consistent visualisation. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Focus plus context: Integrate both a global and a local view of the information space into one seamless visualisation.| [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Stability: Use a stable metaphor which promotes visual recall and recognition of features. The visualisation should remain largely unchanged at a global level even if changes occur to the underlying document repository on a local level. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Unified frame of reference: Support a single, consistent view of the document space for all users, regardless of the access rights of each individual user, thus providing a common frame of reference for all parties. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Exploration: Provide simple, intuitive facilities to browse and search the repository. The visualisation tool should allow the visualisation to display a maximum number of document properties and relationships without any need for user interaction. It should thus offer a means of locating documents without specifying a query, by simply browsing the information space and displaying information within its context. | [ Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Scalability: Visualise very large (hundreds of thousands, if not millions of entities), hierarchically structured document repositories. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Initial Study ===<br />
* [[Cockburn%2C_Andrew|Andrew Cockburn]]<br/><br />
<br />
=== Study in 2004 ===<br />
<br />
==== Navigation in InfoSky (Current Version) ====<br />
<br />
*'''Selecting a collection:''' Left-clicking a collection label selects the collection and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting a document:''' Left-clicking an individual star selects the corresponding document and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting the parent collection:''' A toolbar button allows to place the focus on the parent collection. The viewport is zoomed out to display the collection.<br />
*'''Continuous hierarchical zoom:''' After selecting a collection, zooming in on the visualisation continuously selects deeper hierarchical levels based on magnification and position.<br />
*'''Panning:''' Dragging with the left mouse button pans the viewport. Collections are auto selected based on magnification and position. <br />
*'''Zooming:''' Using the mouse-wheel, the magnification factor of the display can be adjusted. <br />
<br />
<br />
* [[McKenzie%2C_Bruce|Bruce McKenzie]]<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Granitzer, M.]], [[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Kienreich, W.]], [[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Sabol, V.]], [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], and Klieber, W. 2004. Evaluating a System for Interactive Exploration of Large, Hierarchically Structured Document Repositories. In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on information Visualization (infovis'04) - Volume 00 (October 10 - 12, 2004). INFOVIS. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, 127-134. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/INFOVIS.2004.19<br />
<br/><br />
* [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], 2006. Evaluating information visualisations. In Proceedings of the 2006 AVI Workshop on Beyond Time and Errors: Novel Evaluation Methods For information Visualization (Venice, Italy, May 23 - 23, 2006). BELIV '06. ACM Press, New York, NY, 1-5. DOI= http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1168149.1168151 <br />
<br/><br />
* [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], [[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Kienreich, W.]], [[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Sabol, V.]], Becker, J., Droschl, G., Kappe, F., [[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Granitzer, M.]], Auer, P., and Tochtermann, K. 2002. The InfoSky visual explorer: exploiting hierarchical structure and document similarities. Information Visualization 1, 3/4 (Dec. 2002), 166-181. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500023<br />
<br />
== Evaluation References ==<br />
* [Cockburn and McKenzie, 2000] Andrew Cockburn and Bruce McKenzie. An Evaluation of Cone Trees. In ''People and Computers XIV: British Computer Society Conference on Human Computer Interaction 2000'', p425--436. Springer-Verlag. <br/> <br/><br />
<br />
* [Hearst and Karadi, 1997] Marti A. Hearst and Chandu Karadi. Cat-a-Cone: An Interactive Interface for Specifying Searches and Viewing Retrieval Results using a Large Category Hierarchy. In ''Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference'', pages 246-- 255, Philadelphia, PA, July 1997''<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
* [Hemmje, 1994] Matthias Hemmje, LyberWorld - A 3D Graphical User Interface for Fulltext Retrieval. Created at: May 7-11 1995. Retrieved at: April 13, 2006. [http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/230000/223759/p417-hemmje.pdf?key1=223759&key2=5327835411&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=69627115&CFTOKEN=87748242 http://delivery.acm.org/...]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Techniques]]<br />
[[Category:Hierarchical Data]]</div>Gruppe8 SS07https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=InfoSky&diff=13060InfoSky2007-04-11T18:05:37Z<p>Gruppe8 SS07: /* References */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Authors ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Michael Granitzer]] <br/><br />
*[[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Wolfgang Kienreich]]<br/><br />
*[[Andrews%2C_Keith|Keith Andrews]]<br/><br />
*[[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Vedran Sabol]]<br/><br />
*Werner Klieber<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Short description ==<br />
{{Quotation|The InfoSky visual explorer is a system enabling users to interactively explore large, hierarchically structured document collections. Similar to a real-world telescope, InfoSky employs a planar graphical representation with variable magnification. Documents of similar content are placed close to each other and displayed as stars, while collections of documents at a particular level in the hierarchy are visualised as bounding polygons. Usability testing of an early prototype implementation of InfoSky revealed several design issues which prevented users from fully exploiting the power of the visual metaphor. Evaluation results have been incorporated into an advanced prototype, and another usability test has been conducted. A comparison of test results demonstrates enhanced system performance and points out promising directions for further work.|[Michael Granitzer et al., Evaluating a System for Interactive Exploration of large, Hierarchically Structured Document Repositorieset, IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization 2004]}}<br />
<br />
== Suitable Datatypes ==<br />
Suitable Datatypes for this information visualization technique are hierarchical information structures. The goal of InfoSky is to reduce the complexity of large amounts of text-data (for examples collections of newspaper articles) by presenting it through the metapher of a telescope view in a hierarchically structured form. Text-data can be either Word documents, PDF or HTML files.<br/><br />
<br />
== Figures ==<br />
Pictures of the InfoSky Browser 2002<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky1.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
Reengineered InfoSky Browser 2004<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky2.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Important Citations ==<br />
Main challenges of Infosky:<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Hierarchy plus similarity: Represent both the hierarchical organisation of documents and inter-document similarity within a single, consistent visualisation. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Focus plus context: Integrate both a global and a local view of the information space into one seamless visualisation.| [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Stability: Use a stable metaphor which promotes visual recall and recognition of features. The visualisation should remain largely unchanged at a global level even if changes occur to the underlying document repository on a local level. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Unified frame of reference: Support a single, consistent view of the document space for all users, regardless of the access rights of each individual user, thus providing a common frame of reference for all parties. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Exploration: Provide simple, intuitive facilities to browse and search the repository. The visualisation tool should allow the visualisation to display a maximum number of document properties and relationships without any need for user interaction. It should thus offer a means of locating documents without specifying a query, by simply browsing the information space and displaying information within its context. | [ Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Scalability: Visualise very large (hundreds of thousands, if not millions of entities), hierarchically structured document repositories. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Initial Study ===<br />
* [[Cockburn%2C_Andrew|Andrew Cockburn]]<br/><br />
<br />
=== Study in 2004 ===<br />
<br />
==== Navigation in InfoSky (Current Version) ====<br />
<br />
*'''Selecting a collection:''' Left-clicking a collection label selects the collection and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting a document:''' Left-clicking an individual star selects the corresponding document and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting the parent collection:''' A toolbar button allows to place the focus on the parent collection. The viewport is zoomed out to display the collection.<br />
*'''Continuous hierarchical zoom:''' After selecting a collection, zooming in on the visualisation continuously selects deeper hierarchical levels based on magnification and position.<br />
*'''Panning:''' Dragging with the left mouse button pans the viewport. Collections are auto selected based on magnification and position. <br />
*'''Zooming:''' Using the mouse-wheel, the magnification factor of the display can be adjusted. <br />
<br />
<br />
* [[McKenzie%2C_Bruce|Bruce McKenzie]]<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Granitzer, M.]], [[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Kienreich, W.]], [[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Sabol, V.]], [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], and Klieber, W. 2004. Evaluating a System for Interactive Exploration of Large, Hierarchically Structured Document Repositories. In Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on information Visualization (infovis'04) - Volume 00 (October 10 - 12, 2004). INFOVIS. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, 127-134. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/INFOVIS.2004.19<br />
<br/><br />
* [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], 2006. Evaluating information visualisations. In Proceedings of the 2006 AVI Workshop on Beyond Time and Errors: Novel Evaluation Methods For information Visualization (Venice, Italy, May 23 - 23, 2006). BELIV '06. ACM Press, New York, NY, 1-5. DOI= http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1168149.1168151 <br />
<br/><br />
* [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], [[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Kienreich, W.]], [[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Sabol, V.]], Becker, J., Droschl, G., Kappe, F., [[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Granitzer, M.]], Auer, P., and Tochtermann, K. 2002. The InfoSky visual explorer: exploiting hierarchical structure and document similarities. Information Visualization 1, 3/4 (Dec. 2002), 166-181. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500023<br />
<br />
== Evaluation References ==<br />
* [Cockburn and McKenzie, 2000] Andrew Cockburn and Bruce McKenzie. An Evaluation of Cone Trees. In ''People and Computers XIV: British Computer Society Conference on Human Computer Interaction 2000'', p425--436. Springer-Verlag. <br/> <br/><br />
<br />
* [Hearst and Karadi, 1997] Marti A. Hearst and Chandu Karadi. Cat-a-Cone: An Interactive Interface for Specifying Searches and Viewing Retrieval Results using a Large Category Hierarchy. In ''Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference'', pages 246-- 255, Philadelphia, PA, July 1997''<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
* [Hemmje, 1994] Matthias Hemmje, LyberWorld - A 3D Graphical User Interface for Fulltext Retrieval. Created at: May 7-11 1995. Retrieved at: April 13, 2006. [http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/230000/223759/p417-hemmje.pdf?key1=223759&key2=5327835411&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=69627115&CFTOKEN=87748242 http://delivery.acm.org/...]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Techniques]]<br />
[[Category:Hierarchical Data]]</div>Gruppe8 SS07https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=InfoSky&diff=13051InfoSky2007-04-11T17:56:21Z<p>Gruppe8 SS07: /* References */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Authors ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Michael Granitzer]] <br/><br />
*[[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Wolfgang Kienreich]]<br/><br />
*[[Andrews%2C_Keith|Keith Andrews]]<br/><br />
*[[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Vedran Sabol]]<br/><br />
*Werner Klieber<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Short description ==<br />
{{Quotation|The InfoSky visual explorer is a system enabling users to interactively explore large, hierarchically structured document collections. Similar to a real-world telescope, InfoSky employs a planar graphical representation with variable magnification. Documents of similar content are placed close to each other and displayed as stars, while collections of documents at a particular level in the hierarchy are visualised as bounding polygons. Usability testing of an early prototype implementation of InfoSky revealed several design issues which prevented users from fully exploiting the power of the visual metaphor. Evaluation results have been incorporated into an advanced prototype, and another usability test has been conducted. A comparison of test results demonstrates enhanced system performance and points out promising directions for further work.|[Michael Granitzer et al., Evaluating a System for Interactive Exploration of large, Hierarchically Structured Document Repositorieset, IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization 2004]}}<br />
<br />
== Suitable Datatypes ==<br />
Suitable Datatypes for this information visualization technique are hierarchical information structures. The goal of InfoSky is to reduce the complexity of large amounts of text-data (for examples collections of newspaper articles) by presenting it through the metapher of a telescope view in a hierarchically structured form. Text-data can be either Word documents, PDF or HTML files.<br/><br />
<br />
== Figures ==<br />
Pictures of the InfoSky Browser 2002<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky1.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
Reengineered InfoSky Browser 2004<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky2.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Important Citations ==<br />
Main challenges of Infosky:<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Hierarchy plus similarity: Represent both the hierarchical organisation of documents and inter-document similarity within a single, consistent visualisation. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Focus plus context: Integrate both a global and a local view of the information space into one seamless visualisation.| [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Stability: Use a stable metaphor which promotes visual recall and recognition of features. The visualisation should remain largely unchanged at a global level even if changes occur to the underlying document repository on a local level. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Unified frame of reference: Support a single, consistent view of the document space for all users, regardless of the access rights of each individual user, thus providing a common frame of reference for all parties. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Exploration: Provide simple, intuitive facilities to browse and search the repository. The visualisation tool should allow the visualisation to display a maximum number of document properties and relationships without any need for user interaction. It should thus offer a means of locating documents without specifying a query, by simply browsing the information space and displaying information within its context. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Scalability: Visualise very large (hundreds of thousands, if not millions of entities), hierarchically structured document repositories. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Initial Study ===<br />
* [[Cockburn%2C_Andrew|Andrew Cockburn]]<br/><br />
<br />
=== Study in 2004 ===<br />
<br />
==== Navigation in InfoSky (Current Version) ====<br />
<br />
*'''Selecting a collection:''' Left-clicking a collection label selects the collection and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting a document:''' Left-clicking an individual star selects the corresponding document and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting the parent collection:''' A toolbar button allows to place the focus on the parent collection. The viewport is zoomed out to display the collection.<br />
*'''Continuous hierarchical zoom:''' After selecting a collection, zooming in on the visualisation continuously selects deeper hierarchical levels based on magnification and position.<br />
*'''Panning:''' Dragging with the left mouse button pans the viewport. Collections are auto selected based on magnification and position. <br />
*'''Zooming:''' Using the mouse-wheel, the magnification factor of the display can be adjusted. <br />
<br />
<br />
* [[McKenzie%2C_Bruce|Bruce McKenzie]]<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
* [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], 2006. Evaluating information visualisations. In Proceedings of the 2006 AVI Workshop on Beyond Time and Errors: Novel Evaluation Methods For information Visualization (Venice, Italy, May 23 - 23, 2006). BELIV '06. ACM Press, New York, NY, 1-5. DOI= http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1168149.1168151 <br />
<br/><br />
* [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], [[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Kienreich, W.]], [[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Sabol, V.]], Becker, J., Droschl, G., Kappe, F., [[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Granitzer, M.]], Auer, P., and Tochtermann, K. 2002. The InfoSky visual explorer: exploiting hierarchical structure and document similarities. Information Visualization 1, 3/4 (Dec. 2002), 166-181. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500023<br />
<br />
== Evaluation References ==<br />
* [Cockburn and McKenzie, 2000] Andrew Cockburn and Bruce McKenzie. An Evaluation of Cone Trees. In ''People and Computers XIV: British Computer Society Conference on Human Computer Interaction 2000'', p425--436. Springer-Verlag. <br/> <br/><br />
<br />
* [Hearst and Karadi, 1997] Marti A. Hearst and Chandu Karadi. Cat-a-Cone: An Interactive Interface for Specifying Searches and Viewing Retrieval Results using a Large Category Hierarchy. In ''Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference'', pages 246-- 255, Philadelphia, PA, July 1997''<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
* [Hemmje, 1994] Matthias Hemmje, LyberWorld - A 3D Graphical User Interface for Fulltext Retrieval. Created at: May 7-11 1995. Retrieved at: April 13, 2006. [http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/230000/223759/p417-hemmje.pdf?key1=223759&key2=5327835411&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=69627115&CFTOKEN=87748242 http://delivery.acm.org/...]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Techniques]]<br />
[[Category:Hierarchical Data]]</div>Gruppe8 SS07https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=InfoSky&diff=13050InfoSky2007-04-11T17:54:48Z<p>Gruppe8 SS07: /* References */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Authors ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Michael Granitzer]] <br/><br />
*[[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Wolfgang Kienreich]]<br/><br />
*[[Andrews%2C_Keith|Keith Andrews]]<br/><br />
*[[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Vedran Sabol]]<br/><br />
*Werner Klieber<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Short description ==<br />
{{Quotation|The InfoSky visual explorer is a system enabling users to interactively explore large, hierarchically structured document collections. Similar to a real-world telescope, InfoSky employs a planar graphical representation with variable magnification. Documents of similar content are placed close to each other and displayed as stars, while collections of documents at a particular level in the hierarchy are visualised as bounding polygons. Usability testing of an early prototype implementation of InfoSky revealed several design issues which prevented users from fully exploiting the power of the visual metaphor. Evaluation results have been incorporated into an advanced prototype, and another usability test has been conducted. A comparison of test results demonstrates enhanced system performance and points out promising directions for further work.|[Michael Granitzer et al., Evaluating a System for Interactive Exploration of large, Hierarchically Structured Document Repositorieset, IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization 2004]}}<br />
<br />
== Suitable Datatypes ==<br />
Suitable Datatypes for this information visualization technique are hierarchical information structures. The goal of InfoSky is to reduce the complexity of large amounts of text-data (for examples collections of newspaper articles) by presenting it through the metapher of a telescope view in a hierarchically structured form. Text-data can be either Word documents, PDF or HTML files.<br/><br />
<br />
== Figures ==<br />
Pictures of the InfoSky Browser 2002<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky1.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
Reengineered InfoSky Browser 2004<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky2.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Important Citations ==<br />
Main challenges of Infosky:<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Hierarchy plus similarity: Represent both the hierarchical organisation of documents and inter-document similarity within a single, consistent visualisation. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Focus plus context: Integrate both a global and a local view of the information space into one seamless visualisation.| [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Stability: Use a stable metaphor which promotes visual recall and recognition of features. The visualisation should remain largely unchanged at a global level even if changes occur to the underlying document repository on a local level. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Unified frame of reference: Support a single, consistent view of the document space for all users, regardless of the access rights of each individual user, thus providing a common frame of reference for all parties. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Exploration: Provide simple, intuitive facilities to browse and search the repository. The visualisation tool should allow the visualisation to display a maximum number of document properties and relationships without any need for user interaction. It should thus offer a means of locating documents without specifying a query, by simply browsing the information space and displaying information within its context. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Scalability: Visualise very large (hundreds of thousands, if not millions of entities), hierarchically structured document repositories. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Initial Study ===<br />
* [[Cockburn%2C_Andrew|Andrew Cockburn]]<br/><br />
<br />
=== Study in 2004 ===<br />
<br />
==== Navigation in InfoSky (Current Version) ====<br />
<br />
*'''Selecting a collection:''' Left-clicking a collection label selects the collection and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting a document:''' Left-clicking an individual star selects the corresponding document and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting the parent collection:''' A toolbar button allows to place the focus on the parent collection. The viewport is zoomed out to display the collection.<br />
*'''Continuous hierarchical zoom:''' After selecting a collection, zooming in on the visualisation continuously selects deeper hierarchical levels based on magnification and position.<br />
*'''Panning:''' Dragging with the left mouse button pans the viewport. Collections are auto selected based on magnification and position. <br />
*'''Zooming:''' Using the mouse-wheel, the magnification factor of the display can be adjusted. <br />
<br />
<br />
* [[McKenzie%2C_Bruce|Bruce McKenzie]]<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
* [Robertson et al., 1991] [[Robertson%2C_George|George Robertson]], [[Mackinlay%2C_Jock_D.|Jock D. Mackinlay]], [[Card%2C_Stuart|Stuart Card]]. Cone Trees: Animated 3D Visualizations of Hierarchical Information. In ''Proceedings of the ACM CHI 91 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference'', pages 189-- 194, April 28 - June 5, 1991, New Orleans, Louisiana, June 1991. Association for Computing Machinery <br />
<br/><br />
* [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], [[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Kienreich, W.]], [[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Sabol, V.]], Becker, J., Droschl, G., Kappe, F., [[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Granitzer, M.]], Auer, P., and Tochtermann, K. 2002. The InfoSky visual explorer: exploiting hierarchical structure and document similarities. Information Visualization 1, 3/4 (Dec. 2002), 166-181. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500023<br />
<br />
== Evaluation References ==<br />
* [Cockburn and McKenzie, 2000] Andrew Cockburn and Bruce McKenzie. An Evaluation of Cone Trees. In ''People and Computers XIV: British Computer Society Conference on Human Computer Interaction 2000'', p425--436. Springer-Verlag. <br/> <br/><br />
<br />
* [Hearst and Karadi, 1997] Marti A. Hearst and Chandu Karadi. Cat-a-Cone: An Interactive Interface for Specifying Searches and Viewing Retrieval Results using a Large Category Hierarchy. In ''Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference'', pages 246-- 255, Philadelphia, PA, July 1997''<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
* [Hemmje, 1994] Matthias Hemmje, LyberWorld - A 3D Graphical User Interface for Fulltext Retrieval. Created at: May 7-11 1995. Retrieved at: April 13, 2006. [http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/230000/223759/p417-hemmje.pdf?key1=223759&key2=5327835411&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=69627115&CFTOKEN=87748242 http://delivery.acm.org/...]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Techniques]]<br />
[[Category:Hierarchical Data]]</div>Gruppe8 SS07https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=InfoSky&diff=13049InfoSky2007-04-11T17:54:34Z<p>Gruppe8 SS07: /* References */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Authors ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Michael Granitzer]] <br/><br />
*[[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Wolfgang Kienreich]]<br/><br />
*[[Andrews%2C_Keith|Keith Andrews]]<br/><br />
*[[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Vedran Sabol]]<br/><br />
*Werner Klieber<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Short description ==<br />
{{Quotation|The InfoSky visual explorer is a system enabling users to interactively explore large, hierarchically structured document collections. Similar to a real-world telescope, InfoSky employs a planar graphical representation with variable magnification. Documents of similar content are placed close to each other and displayed as stars, while collections of documents at a particular level in the hierarchy are visualised as bounding polygons. Usability testing of an early prototype implementation of InfoSky revealed several design issues which prevented users from fully exploiting the power of the visual metaphor. Evaluation results have been incorporated into an advanced prototype, and another usability test has been conducted. A comparison of test results demonstrates enhanced system performance and points out promising directions for further work.|[Michael Granitzer et al., Evaluating a System for Interactive Exploration of large, Hierarchically Structured Document Repositorieset, IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization 2004]}}<br />
<br />
== Suitable Datatypes ==<br />
Suitable Datatypes for this information visualization technique are hierarchical information structures. The goal of InfoSky is to reduce the complexity of large amounts of text-data (for examples collections of newspaper articles) by presenting it through the metapher of a telescope view in a hierarchically structured form. Text-data can be either Word documents, PDF or HTML files.<br/><br />
<br />
== Figures ==<br />
Pictures of the InfoSky Browser 2002<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky1.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
Reengineered InfoSky Browser 2004<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky2.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Important Citations ==<br />
Main challenges of Infosky:<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Hierarchy plus similarity: Represent both the hierarchical organisation of documents and inter-document similarity within a single, consistent visualisation. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Focus plus context: Integrate both a global and a local view of the information space into one seamless visualisation.| [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Stability: Use a stable metaphor which promotes visual recall and recognition of features. The visualisation should remain largely unchanged at a global level even if changes occur to the underlying document repository on a local level. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Unified frame of reference: Support a single, consistent view of the document space for all users, regardless of the access rights of each individual user, thus providing a common frame of reference for all parties. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Exploration: Provide simple, intuitive facilities to browse and search the repository. The visualisation tool should allow the visualisation to display a maximum number of document properties and relationships without any need for user interaction. It should thus offer a means of locating documents without specifying a query, by simply browsing the information space and displaying information within its context. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Scalability: Visualise very large (hundreds of thousands, if not millions of entities), hierarchically structured document repositories. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Initial Study ===<br />
* [[Cockburn%2C_Andrew|Andrew Cockburn]]<br/><br />
<br />
=== Study in 2004 ===<br />
<br />
==== Navigation in InfoSky (Current Version) ====<br />
<br />
*'''Selecting a collection:''' Left-clicking a collection label selects the collection and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting a document:''' Left-clicking an individual star selects the corresponding document and auto-centres it.<br />
*'''Selecting the parent collection:''' A toolbar button allows to place the focus on the parent collection. The viewport is zoomed out to display the collection.<br />
*'''Continuous hierarchical zoom:''' After selecting a collection, zooming in on the visualisation continuously selects deeper hierarchical levels based on magnification and position.<br />
*'''Panning:''' Dragging with the left mouse button pans the viewport. Collections are auto selected based on magnification and position. <br />
*'''Zooming:''' Using the mouse-wheel, the magnification factor of the display can be adjusted. <br />
<br />
<br />
* [[McKenzie%2C_Bruce|Bruce McKenzie]]<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
* [Robertson et al., 1991] [[Robertson%2C_George|George Robertson]], [[Mackinlay%2C_Jock_D.|Jock D. Mackinlay]], [[Card%2C_Stuart|Stuart Card]]. Cone Trees: Animated 3D Visualizations of Hierarchical Information. In ''Proceedings of the ACM CHI 91 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference'', pages 189-- 194, April 28 - June 5, 1991, New Orleans, Louisiana, June 1991. Association for Computing Machinery <br />
<br/><br />
* [[Andrews%2C_Keith|Andrews, K.]], [[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Kienreich, W.]], [[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Sabol, V.]], Becker, J., Droschl, G., Kappe, F., [[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Granitzer, M., Auer, P., and Tochtermann, K. 2002. The InfoSky visual explorer: exploiting hierarchical structure and document similarities. Information Visualization 1, 3/4 (Dec. 2002), 166-181. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500023<br />
<br />
== Evaluation References ==<br />
* [Cockburn and McKenzie, 2000] Andrew Cockburn and Bruce McKenzie. An Evaluation of Cone Trees. In ''People and Computers XIV: British Computer Society Conference on Human Computer Interaction 2000'', p425--436. Springer-Verlag. <br/> <br/><br />
<br />
* [Hearst and Karadi, 1997] Marti A. Hearst and Chandu Karadi. Cat-a-Cone: An Interactive Interface for Specifying Searches and Viewing Retrieval Results using a Large Category Hierarchy. In ''Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference'', pages 246-- 255, Philadelphia, PA, July 1997''<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
* [Hemmje, 1994] Matthias Hemmje, LyberWorld - A 3D Graphical User Interface for Fulltext Retrieval. Created at: May 7-11 1995. Retrieved at: April 13, 2006. [http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/230000/223759/p417-hemmje.pdf?key1=223759&key2=5327835411&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=69627115&CFTOKEN=87748242 http://delivery.acm.org/...]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Techniques]]<br />
[[Category:Hierarchical Data]]</div>Gruppe8 SS07https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=InfoSky&diff=13046InfoSky2007-04-11T17:51:59Z<p>Gruppe8 SS07: /* References */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Authors ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Michael Granitzer]] <br/><br />
*[[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Wolfgang Kienreich]]<br/><br />
*[[Andrews%2C_Keith|Keith Andrews]]<br/><br />
*[[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Vedran Sabol]]<br/><br />
*Werner Klieber<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Short description ==<br />
{{Quotation|The InfoSky visual explorer is a system enabling users to interactively explore large, hierarchically structured document collections. Similar to a real-world telescope, InfoSky employs a planar graphical representation with variable magnification. Documents of similar content are placed close to each other and displayed as stars, while collections of documents at a particular level in the hierarchy are visualised as bounding polygons. Usability testing of an early prototype implementation of InfoSky revealed several design issues which prevented users from fully exploiting the power of the visual metaphor. Evaluation results have been incorporated into an advanced prototype, and another usability test has been conducted. A comparison of test results demonstrates enhanced system performance and points out promising directions for further work.|[Michael Granitzer et al., Evaluating a System for Interactive Exploration of large, Hierarchically Structured Document Repositorieset, IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization 2004]}}<br />
<br />
== Suitable Datatypes ==<br />
Suitable Datatypes for this information visualization technique are hierarchical information structures. The goal of InfoSky is to reduce the complexity of large amounts of text-data (for examples collections of newspaper articles) by presenting it through the metapher of a telescope view in a hierarchically structured form. Text-data can be either Word documents, PDF or HTML files.<br/><br />
<br />
== Figures ==<br />
Pictures of the InfoSky Browser 2002<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky1.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
Reengineered InfoSky Browser 2004<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky2.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Important Citations ==<br />
Main challenges of Infosky:<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Hierarchy plus similarity: Represent both the hierarchical organisation of documents and inter-document similarity within a single, consistent visualisation. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Focus plus context: Integrate both a global and a local view of the information space into one seamless visualisation.| [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Stability: Use a stable metaphor which promotes visual recall and recognition of features. The visualisation should remain largely unchanged at a global level even if changes occur to the underlying document repository on a local level. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Unified frame of reference: Support a single, consistent view of the document space for all users, regardless of the access rights of each individual user, thus providing a common frame of reference for all parties. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Exploration: Provide simple, intuitive facilities to browse and search the repository. The visualisation tool should allow the visualisation to display a maximum number of document properties and relationships without any need for user interaction. It should thus offer a means of locating documents without specifying a query, by simply browsing the information space and displaying information within its context. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Scalability: Visualise very large (hundreds of thousands, if not millions of entities), hierarchically structured document repositories. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
=== Navigation in InfoSky (Current Version) ===<br />
<br />
*Selecting a collection: Left-clicking a collection label selects the collection and auto-centres it.<br />
*Selecting a document: Left-clicking an individual star selects the corresponding document and auto-centres it.<br />
*Selecting the parent collection: A toolbar button allows to place the focus on the parent collection. The viewport is zoomed out to display the collection.<br />
*Continuous hierarchical zoom: After selecting a collection, zooming in on the visualisation continuously selects deeper hierarchical levels based on magnification and position.<br />
*Panning: Dragging with the left mouse button pans the viewport. Collections are auto selected based on magnification and position. <br />
*Zooming: Using the mouse-wheel, the magnification factor of the display can be adjusted. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Initial Study ===<br />
* [[Cockburn%2C_Andrew|Andrew Cockburn]]<br/><br />
<br />
=== Study in 2004 ===<br />
* [[McKenzie%2C_Bruce|Bruce McKenzie]]<br/><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
* [Robertson et al., 1991] [[Robertson%2C_George|George Robertson]], [[Mackinlay%2C_Jock_D.|Jock D. Mackinlay]], [[Card%2C_Stuart|Stuart Card]]. Cone Trees: Animated 3D Visualizations of Hierarchical Information. In ''Proceedings of the ACM CHI 91 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference'', pages 189-- 194, April 28 - June 5, 1991, New Orleans, Louisiana, June 1991. Association for Computing Machinery <br/><br />
<br />
* Andrews, K., Kienreich, W., Sabol, V., Becker, J., Droschl, G., Kappe, F., Granitzer, M., Auer, P., and Tochtermann, K. 2002. The InfoSky visual explorer: exploiting hierarchical structure and document similarities. Information Visualization 1, 3/4 (Dec. 2002), 166-181. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500023<br />
<br />
== Evaluation References ==<br />
* [Cockburn and McKenzie, 2000] Andrew Cockburn and Bruce McKenzie. An Evaluation of Cone Trees. In ''People and Computers XIV: British Computer Society Conference on Human Computer Interaction 2000'', p425--436. Springer-Verlag. <br/> <br/><br />
<br />
* [Hearst and Karadi, 1997] Marti A. Hearst and Chandu Karadi. Cat-a-Cone: An Interactive Interface for Specifying Searches and Viewing Retrieval Results using a Large Category Hierarchy. In ''Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference'', pages 246-- 255, Philadelphia, PA, July 1997''<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
* [Hemmje, 1994] Matthias Hemmje, LyberWorld - A 3D Graphical User Interface for Fulltext Retrieval. Created at: May 7-11 1995. Retrieved at: April 13, 2006. [http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/230000/223759/p417-hemmje.pdf?key1=223759&key2=5327835411&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=69627115&CFTOKEN=87748242 http://delivery.acm.org/...]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Techniques]]<br />
[[Category:Hierarchical Data]]</div>Gruppe8 SS07https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=InfoSky&diff=13045InfoSky2007-04-11T17:51:32Z<p>Gruppe8 SS07: /* References */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Authors ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Michael Granitzer]] <br/><br />
*[[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Wolfgang Kienreich]]<br/><br />
*[[Andrews%2C_Keith|Keith Andrews]]<br/><br />
*[[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Vedran Sabol]]<br/><br />
*Werner Klieber<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Short description ==<br />
{{Quotation|The InfoSky visual explorer is a system enabling users to interactively explore large, hierarchically structured document collections. Similar to a real-world telescope, InfoSky employs a planar graphical representation with variable magnification. Documents of similar content are placed close to each other and displayed as stars, while collections of documents at a particular level in the hierarchy are visualised as bounding polygons. Usability testing of an early prototype implementation of InfoSky revealed several design issues which prevented users from fully exploiting the power of the visual metaphor. Evaluation results have been incorporated into an advanced prototype, and another usability test has been conducted. A comparison of test results demonstrates enhanced system performance and points out promising directions for further work.|[Michael Granitzer et al., Evaluating a System for Interactive Exploration of large, Hierarchically Structured Document Repositorieset, IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization 2004]}}<br />
<br />
== Suitable Datatypes ==<br />
Suitable Datatypes for this information visualization technique are hierarchical information structures. The goal of InfoSky is to reduce the complexity of large amounts of text-data (for examples collections of newspaper articles) by presenting it through the metapher of a telescope view in a hierarchically structured form. Text-data can be either Word documents, PDF or HTML files.<br/><br />
<br />
== Figures ==<br />
Pictures of the InfoSky Browser 2002<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky1.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
Reengineered InfoSky Browser 2004<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky2.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Important Citations ==<br />
Main challenges of Infosky:<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Hierarchy plus similarity: Represent both the hierarchical organisation of documents and inter-document similarity within a single, consistent visualisation. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Focus plus context: Integrate both a global and a local view of the information space into one seamless visualisation.| [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Stability: Use a stable metaphor which promotes visual recall and recognition of features. The visualisation should remain largely unchanged at a global level even if changes occur to the underlying document repository on a local level. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Unified frame of reference: Support a single, consistent view of the document space for all users, regardless of the access rights of each individual user, thus providing a common frame of reference for all parties. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Exploration: Provide simple, intuitive facilities to browse and search the repository. The visualisation tool should allow the visualisation to display a maximum number of document properties and relationships without any need for user interaction. It should thus offer a means of locating documents without specifying a query, by simply browsing the information space and displaying information within its context. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Scalability: Visualise very large (hundreds of thousands, if not millions of entities), hierarchically structured document repositories. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
=== Navigation in InfoSky (Current Version) ===<br />
<br />
*Selecting a collection: Left-clicking a collection label selects the collection and auto-centres it.<br />
*Selecting a document: Left-clicking an individual star selects the corresponding document and auto-centres it.<br />
*Selecting the parent collection: A toolbar button allows to place the focus on the parent collection. The viewport is zoomed out to display the collection.<br />
*Continuous hierarchical zoom: After selecting a collection, zooming in on the visualisation continuously selects deeper hierarchical levels based on magnification and position.<br />
*Panning: Dragging with the left mouse button pans the viewport. Collections are auto selected based on magnification and position. <br />
*Zooming: Using the mouse-wheel, the magnification factor of the display can be adjusted. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
=== Initial Study ===<br />
* [[Cockburn%2C_Andrew|Andrew Cockburn]]<br/><br />
<br />
=== Study in 2004 ===<br />
* [[McKenzie%2C_Bruce|Bruce McKenzie]]<br/><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
* [Robertson et al., 1991] [[Robertson%2C_George|George Robertson]], [[Mackinlay%2C_Jock_D.|Jock D. Mackinlay]], [[Card%2C_Stuart|Stuart Card]]. Cone Trees: Animated 3D Visualizations of Hierarchical Information. In ''Proceedings of the ACM CHI 91 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference'', pages 189-- 194, April 28 - June 5, 1991, New Orleans, Louisiana, June 1991. Association for Computing Machinery <br/><br />
<br />
Andrews, K., Kienreich, W., Sabol, V., Becker, J., Droschl, G., Kappe, F., Granitzer, M., Auer, P., and Tochtermann, K. 2002. The InfoSky visual explorer: exploiting hierarchical structure and document similarities. Information Visualization 1, 3/4 (Dec. 2002), 166-181. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500023<br />
<br />
== Evaluation References ==<br />
* [Cockburn and McKenzie, 2000] Andrew Cockburn and Bruce McKenzie. An Evaluation of Cone Trees. In ''People and Computers XIV: British Computer Society Conference on Human Computer Interaction 2000'', p425--436. Springer-Verlag. <br/> <br/><br />
<br />
* [Hearst and Karadi, 1997] Marti A. Hearst and Chandu Karadi. Cat-a-Cone: An Interactive Interface for Specifying Searches and Viewing Retrieval Results using a Large Category Hierarchy. In ''Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference'', pages 246-- 255, Philadelphia, PA, July 1997''<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
* [Hemmje, 1994] Matthias Hemmje, LyberWorld - A 3D Graphical User Interface for Fulltext Retrieval. Created at: May 7-11 1995. Retrieved at: April 13, 2006. [http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/230000/223759/p417-hemmje.pdf?key1=223759&key2=5327835411&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=69627115&CFTOKEN=87748242 http://delivery.acm.org/...]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Techniques]]<br />
[[Category:Hierarchical Data]]</div>Gruppe8 SS07https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=InfoSky&diff=13041InfoSky2007-04-11T17:48:19Z<p>Gruppe8 SS07: /* Important Citations */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Authors ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Michael Granitzer]] <br/><br />
*[[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Wolfgang Kienreich]]<br/><br />
*[[Andrews%2C_Keith|Keith Andrews]]<br/><br />
*[[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Vedran Sabol]]<br/><br />
*Werner Klieber<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Short description ==<br />
{{Quotation|The InfoSky visual explorer is a system enabling users to interactively explore large, hierarchically structured document collections. Similar to a real-world telescope, InfoSky employs a planar graphical representation with variable magnification. Documents of similar content are placed close to each other and displayed as stars, while collections of documents at a particular level in the hierarchy are visualised as bounding polygons. Usability testing of an early prototype implementation of InfoSky revealed several design issues which prevented users from fully exploiting the power of the visual metaphor. Evaluation results have been incorporated into an advanced prototype, and another usability test has been conducted. A comparison of test results demonstrates enhanced system performance and points out promising directions for further work.|[Michael Granitzer et al., Evaluating a System for Interactive Exploration of large, Hierarchically Structured Document Repositorieset, IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization 2004]}}<br />
<br />
== Suitable Datatypes ==<br />
Suitable Datatypes for this information visualization technique are hierarchical information structures. The goal of InfoSky is to reduce the complexity of large amounts of text-data (for examples collections of newspaper articles) by presenting it through the metapher of a telescope view in a hierarchically structured form. Text-data can be either Word documents, PDF or HTML files.<br/><br />
<br />
== Figures ==<br />
Pictures of the InfoSky Browser 2002<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky1.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
Reengineered InfoSky Browser 2004<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky2.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Important Citations ==<br />
Main challenges of Infosky:<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Hierarchy plus similarity: Represent both the hierarchical organisation of documents and inter-document similarity within a single, consistent visualisation. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Focus plus context: Integrate both a global and a local view of the information space into one seamless visualisation.| [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Stability: Use a stable metaphor which promotes visual recall and recognition of features. The visualisation should remain largely unchanged at a global level even if changes occur to the underlying document repository on a local level. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Unified frame of reference: Support a single, consistent view of the document space for all users, regardless of the access rights of each individual user, thus providing a common frame of reference for all parties. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Exploration: Provide simple, intuitive facilities to browse and search the repository. The visualisation tool should allow the visualisation to display a maximum number of document properties and relationships without any need for user interaction. It should thus offer a means of locating documents without specifying a query, by simply browsing the information space and displaying information within its context. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Scalability: Visualise very large (hundreds of thousands, if not millions of entities), hierarchically structured document repositories. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
* [[Cockburn%2C_Andrew|Andrew Cockburn]]<br/><br />
* [[McKenzie%2C_Bruce|Bruce McKenzie]]<br/><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
* [Robertson et al., 1991] [[Robertson%2C_George|George Robertson]], [[Mackinlay%2C_Jock_D.|Jock D. Mackinlay]], [[Card%2C_Stuart|Stuart Card]]. Cone Trees: Animated 3D Visualizations of Hierarchical Information. In ''Proceedings of the ACM CHI 91 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference'', pages 189-- 194, April 28 - June 5, 1991, New Orleans, Louisiana, June 1991. Association for Computing Machinery <br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation References ==<br />
* [Cockburn and McKenzie, 2000] Andrew Cockburn and Bruce McKenzie. An Evaluation of Cone Trees. In ''People and Computers XIV: British Computer Society Conference on Human Computer Interaction 2000'', p425--436. Springer-Verlag. <br/> <br/><br />
<br />
* [Hearst and Karadi, 1997] Marti A. Hearst and Chandu Karadi. Cat-a-Cone: An Interactive Interface for Specifying Searches and Viewing Retrieval Results using a Large Category Hierarchy. In ''Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference'', pages 246-- 255, Philadelphia, PA, July 1997''<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
* [Hemmje, 1994] Matthias Hemmje, LyberWorld - A 3D Graphical User Interface for Fulltext Retrieval. Created at: May 7-11 1995. Retrieved at: April 13, 2006. [http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/230000/223759/p417-hemmje.pdf?key1=223759&key2=5327835411&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=69627115&CFTOKEN=87748242 http://delivery.acm.org/...]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Techniques]]<br />
[[Category:Hierarchical Data]]</div>Gruppe8 SS07https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=InfoSky&diff=13040InfoSky2007-04-11T17:47:26Z<p>Gruppe8 SS07: /* Important Citations */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Authors ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Michael Granitzer]] <br/><br />
*[[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Wolfgang Kienreich]]<br/><br />
*[[Andrews%2C_Keith|Keith Andrews]]<br/><br />
*[[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Vedran Sabol]]<br/><br />
*Werner Klieber<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Short description ==<br />
{{Quotation|The InfoSky visual explorer is a system enabling users to interactively explore large, hierarchically structured document collections. Similar to a real-world telescope, InfoSky employs a planar graphical representation with variable magnification. Documents of similar content are placed close to each other and displayed as stars, while collections of documents at a particular level in the hierarchy are visualised as bounding polygons. Usability testing of an early prototype implementation of InfoSky revealed several design issues which prevented users from fully exploiting the power of the visual metaphor. Evaluation results have been incorporated into an advanced prototype, and another usability test has been conducted. A comparison of test results demonstrates enhanced system performance and points out promising directions for further work.|[Michael Granitzer et al., Evaluating a System for Interactive Exploration of large, Hierarchically Structured Document Repositorieset, IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization 2004]}}<br />
<br />
== Suitable Datatypes ==<br />
Suitable Datatypes for this information visualization technique are hierarchical information structures. The goal of InfoSky is to reduce the complexity of large amounts of text-data (for examples collections of newspaper articles) by presenting it through the metapher of a telescope view in a hierarchically structured form. Text-data can be either Word documents, PDF or HTML files.<br/><br />
<br />
== Figures ==<br />
Pictures of the InfoSky Browser 2002<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky1.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
Reengineered InfoSky Browser 2004<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky2.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Important Citations ==<br />
Main challenges of Infosky:<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Hierarchy plus similarity: Represent both the hierarchical organisation of documents and inter-document similarity within a single, consistent visualisation. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Focus plus context: Integrate both a global and a local view of the information space into one seamless visualisation. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Stability: Use a stable metaphor which promotes visual recall and recognition of features. The visualisation should remain largely unchanged at a global level even if changes occur to the underlying document repository on a local level. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Unified frame of reference: Support a single, consistent view of the document space for all users, regardless of the access rights of each individual user, thus providing a common frame of reference for all parties. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Exploration: Provide simple, intuitive facilities to browse and search the repository. The visualisation tool should allow the visualisation to display a maximum number of document properties and relationships without any need for user interaction. It should thus offer a means of locating documents without specifying a query, by simply browsing the information space and displaying information within its context. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Scalability: Visualise very large (hundreds of thousands, if not millions of entities), hierarchically structured document repositories. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
* [[Cockburn%2C_Andrew|Andrew Cockburn]]<br/><br />
* [[McKenzie%2C_Bruce|Bruce McKenzie]]<br/><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
* [Robertson et al., 1991] [[Robertson%2C_George|George Robertson]], [[Mackinlay%2C_Jock_D.|Jock D. Mackinlay]], [[Card%2C_Stuart|Stuart Card]]. Cone Trees: Animated 3D Visualizations of Hierarchical Information. In ''Proceedings of the ACM CHI 91 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference'', pages 189-- 194, April 28 - June 5, 1991, New Orleans, Louisiana, June 1991. Association for Computing Machinery <br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation References ==<br />
* [Cockburn and McKenzie, 2000] Andrew Cockburn and Bruce McKenzie. An Evaluation of Cone Trees. In ''People and Computers XIV: British Computer Society Conference on Human Computer Interaction 2000'', p425--436. Springer-Verlag. <br/> <br/><br />
<br />
* [Hearst and Karadi, 1997] Marti A. Hearst and Chandu Karadi. Cat-a-Cone: An Interactive Interface for Specifying Searches and Viewing Retrieval Results using a Large Category Hierarchy. In ''Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference'', pages 246-- 255, Philadelphia, PA, July 1997''<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
* [Hemmje, 1994] Matthias Hemmje, LyberWorld - A 3D Graphical User Interface for Fulltext Retrieval. Created at: May 7-11 1995. Retrieved at: April 13, 2006. [http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/230000/223759/p417-hemmje.pdf?key1=223759&key2=5327835411&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=69627115&CFTOKEN=87748242 http://delivery.acm.org/...]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Techniques]]<br />
[[Category:Hierarchical Data]]</div>Gruppe8 SS07https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=InfoSky&diff=13039InfoSky2007-04-11T17:47:12Z<p>Gruppe8 SS07: /* Important Citations */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Authors ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Michael Granitzer]] <br/><br />
*[[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Wolfgang Kienreich]]<br/><br />
*[[Andrews%2C_Keith|Keith Andrews]]<br/><br />
*[[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Vedran Sabol]]<br/><br />
*Werner Klieber<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Short description ==<br />
{{Quotation|The InfoSky visual explorer is a system enabling users to interactively explore large, hierarchically structured document collections. Similar to a real-world telescope, InfoSky employs a planar graphical representation with variable magnification. Documents of similar content are placed close to each other and displayed as stars, while collections of documents at a particular level in the hierarchy are visualised as bounding polygons. Usability testing of an early prototype implementation of InfoSky revealed several design issues which prevented users from fully exploiting the power of the visual metaphor. Evaluation results have been incorporated into an advanced prototype, and another usability test has been conducted. A comparison of test results demonstrates enhanced system performance and points out promising directions for further work.|[Michael Granitzer et al., Evaluating a System for Interactive Exploration of large, Hierarchically Structured Document Repositorieset, IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization 2004]}}<br />
<br />
== Suitable Datatypes ==<br />
Suitable Datatypes for this information visualization technique are hierarchical information structures. The goal of InfoSky is to reduce the complexity of large amounts of text-data (for examples collections of newspaper articles) by presenting it through the metapher of a telescope view in a hierarchically structured form. Text-data can be either Word documents, PDF or HTML files.<br/><br />
<br />
== Figures ==<br />
Pictures of the InfoSky Browser 2002<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky1.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
Reengineered InfoSky Browser 2004<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky2.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Important Citations ==<br />
Main challenges of Infosky:<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Hierarchy plus similarity: Represent both the hierarchical organisation of documents and inter-document similarity within a single, consistent visualisation. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Focus plus context: Integrate both a global and a local view of the information space into one seamless visualisation. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Stability: Use a stable metaphor which promotes visual recall and recognition of features. The visualisation should remain largely unchanged at a global level even if changes occur to the underlying document repository on a local level. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Unified frame of reference: Support a single, consistent view of the document space for all users, regardless of the access rights of each individual user, thus providing a common frame of reference for all parties. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Exploration: Provide simple, intuitive facilities to browse and search the repository. The visualisation tool should allow the visualisation to display a maximum number of document properties and relationships without any need for user<br />
interaction. It should thus offer a means of locating documents without specifying a query, by simply browsing the information space and displaying information within its<br />
context. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Scalability: Visualise very large (hundreds of thousands, if not millions of entities), hierarchically structured document repositories. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
* [[Cockburn%2C_Andrew|Andrew Cockburn]]<br/><br />
* [[McKenzie%2C_Bruce|Bruce McKenzie]]<br/><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
* [Robertson et al., 1991] [[Robertson%2C_George|George Robertson]], [[Mackinlay%2C_Jock_D.|Jock D. Mackinlay]], [[Card%2C_Stuart|Stuart Card]]. Cone Trees: Animated 3D Visualizations of Hierarchical Information. In ''Proceedings of the ACM CHI 91 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference'', pages 189-- 194, April 28 - June 5, 1991, New Orleans, Louisiana, June 1991. Association for Computing Machinery <br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation References ==<br />
* [Cockburn and McKenzie, 2000] Andrew Cockburn and Bruce McKenzie. An Evaluation of Cone Trees. In ''People and Computers XIV: British Computer Society Conference on Human Computer Interaction 2000'', p425--436. Springer-Verlag. <br/> <br/><br />
<br />
* [Hearst and Karadi, 1997] Marti A. Hearst and Chandu Karadi. Cat-a-Cone: An Interactive Interface for Specifying Searches and Viewing Retrieval Results using a Large Category Hierarchy. In ''Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference'', pages 246-- 255, Philadelphia, PA, July 1997''<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
* [Hemmje, 1994] Matthias Hemmje, LyberWorld - A 3D Graphical User Interface for Fulltext Retrieval. Created at: May 7-11 1995. Retrieved at: April 13, 2006. [http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/230000/223759/p417-hemmje.pdf?key1=223759&key2=5327835411&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=69627115&CFTOKEN=87748242 http://delivery.acm.org/...]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Techniques]]<br />
[[Category:Hierarchical Data]]</div>Gruppe8 SS07https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=InfoSky&diff=13038InfoSky2007-04-11T17:46:42Z<p>Gruppe8 SS07: /* Important Citations */</p>
<hr />
<div>== Authors ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Michael Granitzer]] <br/><br />
*[[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Wolfgang Kienreich]]<br/><br />
*[[Andrews%2C_Keith|Keith Andrews]]<br/><br />
*[[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Vedran Sabol]]<br/><br />
*Werner Klieber<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Short description ==<br />
{{Quotation|The InfoSky visual explorer is a system enabling users to interactively explore large, hierarchically structured document collections. Similar to a real-world telescope, InfoSky employs a planar graphical representation with variable magnification. Documents of similar content are placed close to each other and displayed as stars, while collections of documents at a particular level in the hierarchy are visualised as bounding polygons. Usability testing of an early prototype implementation of InfoSky revealed several design issues which prevented users from fully exploiting the power of the visual metaphor. Evaluation results have been incorporated into an advanced prototype, and another usability test has been conducted. A comparison of test results demonstrates enhanced system performance and points out promising directions for further work.|[Michael Granitzer et al., Evaluating a System for Interactive Exploration of large, Hierarchically Structured Document Repositorieset, IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization 2004]}}<br />
<br />
== Suitable Datatypes ==<br />
Suitable Datatypes for this information visualization technique are hierarchical information structures. The goal of InfoSky is to reduce the complexity of large amounts of text-data (for examples collections of newspaper articles) by presenting it through the metapher of a telescope view in a hierarchically structured form. Text-data can be either Word documents, PDF or HTML files.<br/><br />
<br />
== Figures ==<br />
Pictures of the InfoSky Browser 2002<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky1.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
Reengineered InfoSky Browser 2004<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky2.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Important Citations ==<br />
Main challenges of Infosky:<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Hierarchy plus similarity: Represent both the hierarchical organisation of documents and inter-document similarity within a single, consistent visualisation. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Focus plus context: Integrate both a global and a local view of the information space into one seamless visualisation. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Stability: Use a stable metaphor which promotes visual recall<br />
and recognition of features. The visualisation should remain largely unchanged at a global level even if changes occur to the underlying document repository on a local level. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Unified frame of reference: Support a single, consistent view<br />
of the document space for all users, regardless of the access rights of each individual user, thus providing a common frame of reference for all parties. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Exploration: Provide simple, intuitive facilities to browse and search the repository. The visualisation tool should allow the visualisation to display a maximum number of document properties and relationships without any need for user<br />
interaction. It should thus offer a means of locating documents without specifying a query, by simply browsing the information space and displaying information within its<br />
context. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|Scalability: Visualise very large (hundreds of thousands, if not millions of entities), hierarchically structured document repositories. | [Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br/><br />
<br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
* [[Cockburn%2C_Andrew|Andrew Cockburn]]<br/><br />
* [[McKenzie%2C_Bruce|Bruce McKenzie]]<br/><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
* [Robertson et al., 1991] [[Robertson%2C_George|George Robertson]], [[Mackinlay%2C_Jock_D.|Jock D. Mackinlay]], [[Card%2C_Stuart|Stuart Card]]. Cone Trees: Animated 3D Visualizations of Hierarchical Information. In ''Proceedings of the ACM CHI 91 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference'', pages 189-- 194, April 28 - June 5, 1991, New Orleans, Louisiana, June 1991. Association for Computing Machinery <br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation References ==<br />
* [Cockburn and McKenzie, 2000] Andrew Cockburn and Bruce McKenzie. An Evaluation of Cone Trees. In ''People and Computers XIV: British Computer Society Conference on Human Computer Interaction 2000'', p425--436. Springer-Verlag. <br/> <br/><br />
<br />
* [Hearst and Karadi, 1997] Marti A. Hearst and Chandu Karadi. Cat-a-Cone: An Interactive Interface for Specifying Searches and Viewing Retrieval Results using a Large Category Hierarchy. In ''Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference'', pages 246-- 255, Philadelphia, PA, July 1997''<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
* [Hemmje, 1994] Matthias Hemmje, LyberWorld - A 3D Graphical User Interface for Fulltext Retrieval. Created at: May 7-11 1995. Retrieved at: April 13, 2006. [http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/230000/223759/p417-hemmje.pdf?key1=223759&key2=5327835411&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=69627115&CFTOKEN=87748242 http://delivery.acm.org/...]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Techniques]]<br />
[[Category:Hierarchical Data]]</div>Gruppe8 SS07https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=InfoSky&diff=13037InfoSky2007-04-11T17:42:19Z<p>Gruppe8 SS07: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Authors ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Michael Granitzer]] <br/><br />
*[[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Wolfgang Kienreich]]<br/><br />
*[[Andrews%2C_Keith|Keith Andrews]]<br/><br />
*[[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Vedran Sabol]]<br/><br />
*Werner Klieber<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Short description ==<br />
{{Quotation|The InfoSky visual explorer is a system enabling users to interactively explore large, hierarchically structured document collections. Similar to a real-world telescope, InfoSky employs a planar graphical representation with variable magnification. Documents of similar content are placed close to each other and displayed as stars, while collections of documents at a particular level in the hierarchy are visualised as bounding polygons. Usability testing of an early prototype implementation of InfoSky revealed several design issues which prevented users from fully exploiting the power of the visual metaphor. Evaluation results have been incorporated into an advanced prototype, and another usability test has been conducted. A comparison of test results demonstrates enhanced system performance and points out promising directions for further work.|[Michael Granitzer et al., Evaluating a System for Interactive Exploration of large, Hierarchically Structured Document Repositorieset, IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization 2004]}}<br />
<br />
== Suitable Datatypes ==<br />
Suitable Datatypes for this information visualization technique are hierarchical information structures. The goal of InfoSky is to reduce the complexity of large amounts of text-data (for examples collections of newspaper articles) by presenting it through the metapher of a telescope view in a hierarchically structured form. Text-data can be either Word documents, PDF or HTML files.<br/><br />
<br />
== Figures ==<br />
Pictures of the InfoSky Browser 2002<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky1.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
Reengineered InfoSky Browser 2004<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky2.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Important Citations ==<br />
<br/><br />
{{Quotation|The Cat-a-Cone is a novel user interface that integrates search and browsing of very large category hierarchies with their associated text collections. One key insight is the separation of the representation of category labels from documents, which allows the display of multiple categories and a WebBook shows retrieval results. The lefthand page shows the title and the category labels associated with the document. The righthand page shows the abstract associated with the document. | [Hearst and Karadi, 1997]}}<br/><br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
* [[Cockburn%2C_Andrew|Andrew Cockburn]]<br/><br />
* [[McKenzie%2C_Bruce|Bruce McKenzie]]<br/><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
* [Robertson et al., 1991] [[Robertson%2C_George|George Robertson]], [[Mackinlay%2C_Jock_D.|Jock D. Mackinlay]], [[Card%2C_Stuart|Stuart Card]]. Cone Trees: Animated 3D Visualizations of Hierarchical Information. In ''Proceedings of the ACM CHI 91 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference'', pages 189-- 194, April 28 - June 5, 1991, New Orleans, Louisiana, June 1991. Association for Computing Machinery <br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation References ==<br />
* [Cockburn and McKenzie, 2000] Andrew Cockburn and Bruce McKenzie. An Evaluation of Cone Trees. In ''People and Computers XIV: British Computer Society Conference on Human Computer Interaction 2000'', p425--436. Springer-Verlag. <br/> <br/><br />
<br />
* [Hearst and Karadi, 1997] Marti A. Hearst and Chandu Karadi. Cat-a-Cone: An Interactive Interface for Specifying Searches and Viewing Retrieval Results using a Large Category Hierarchy. In ''Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference'', pages 246-- 255, Philadelphia, PA, July 1997''<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
* [Hemmje, 1994] Matthias Hemmje, LyberWorld - A 3D Graphical User Interface for Fulltext Retrieval. Created at: May 7-11 1995. Retrieved at: April 13, 2006. [http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/230000/223759/p417-hemmje.pdf?key1=223759&key2=5327835411&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=69627115&CFTOKEN=87748242 http://delivery.acm.org/...]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Techniques]]<br />
[[Category:Hierarchical Data]]</div>Gruppe8 SS07https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=InfoSky&diff=13036InfoSky2007-04-11T17:41:12Z<p>Gruppe8 SS07: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Authors ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Michael Granitzer]] <br/><br />
*[[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Wolfgang Kienreich]]<br/><br />
*[[Andrews%2C_Keith|Keith Andrews]]<br/><br />
*[[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Vedran Sabol]]<br/><br />
*Werner Klieber<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Short description ==<br />
{{Quotation|The InfoSky visual explorer is a system enabling users to interactively explore large, hierarchically structured document collections. Similar to a real-world telescope, InfoSky employs a planar graphical representation with variable magnification. Documents of similar content are placed close to each other and displayed as stars, while collections of documents at a particular level in the hierarchy are visualised as bounding polygons. Usability testing of an early prototype implementation of InfoSky revealed several design issues which prevented users from fully exploiting the power of the visual metaphor. Evaluation results have been incorporated into an advanced prototype, and another usability test has been conducted. A comparison of test results demonstrates enhanced system performance and points out promising directions for further work.|[Michael Granitzer et al., Evaluating a System for Interactive Exploration of large, Hierarchically Structured Document Repositorieset, IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization 2004]}}<br />
<br />
== Suitable Datatypes ==<br />
Suitable Datatypes for this information visualization technique are hierarchical information structures. The goal of InfoSky is to reduce the complexity of large amounts of text-data (for examples collections of newspaper articles) by presenting it through the metapher of a telescope view in a hierarchically structured form. Text-data can be either Word documents, PDF or HTML files.<br/><br />
<br />
== Figures ==<br />
Pictures of the InfoSky Browser 2002<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky1.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
Reengineered InfoSky Browser 2004<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky2.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Important Citations ==<br />
<br/><br />
'''Layout of a simple Cone Tree''' [Robertson et al., 1991]<br/><br/><br />
[[Image:conetree.jpg|300px]]<br/><br/><br/><br/><br />
<br />
'''[http://www.sims.berkeley.edu/~hearst/papers/cac-sigir97/sigir97.html Cat-a-Cone: An Interactive Interface for Specifying Searches and Viewing Retrieval Results using a Large Category Hierarchy]''' <br/>[Hearst and Karadi, 1997]<br/><br/><br />
<br />
{{Quotation|The Cat-a-Cone is a novel user interface that integrates search and browsing of very large category hierarchies with their associated text collections. One key insight is the separation of the representation of category labels from documents, which allows the display of multiple categories per document. Another key component is the display of multiple selected categories simultaneously, complete with their hierarchical context. Shown are the results of a search on category labels Mastectomy and Radiation Therapy in conjunction with the text word "lumpectomy" on a breast cancer subset of the MEDLINE collection. A ConeTree displays category labels and a WebBook shows retrieval results. The lefthand page shows the title and the category labels associated with the document. The righthand page shows the abstract associated with the document. | [Hearst and Karadi, 1997]}}<br/><br/><br />
[[Image:catacone.jpg|300px]]<br/><br/> <br/><br/><br />
<br />
'''[http://portal.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=223759&type=pdf&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=69627115&CFTOKEN=87748242 Lyberworld]''' [Hemmje, 1994]<br/><br/><br />
LyberWorld is a 3D visualization user interface supporting fulltext retrieval.<br/><br/><br />
[[Image:lybertree.gif|300px]] <br/><br/> <br/><br/><br />
<br />
'''A file-system displayed as cone-tree'''<br />
<br/>[[Image:cones.gif|300px]]<br/><br/> <br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
* [[Cockburn%2C_Andrew|Andrew Cockburn]]<br/><br />
* [[McKenzie%2C_Bruce|Bruce McKenzie]]<br/><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
* [Robertson et al., 1991] [[Robertson%2C_George|George Robertson]], [[Mackinlay%2C_Jock_D.|Jock D. Mackinlay]], [[Card%2C_Stuart|Stuart Card]]. Cone Trees: Animated 3D Visualizations of Hierarchical Information. In ''Proceedings of the ACM CHI 91 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference'', pages 189-- 194, April 28 - June 5, 1991, New Orleans, Louisiana, June 1991. Association for Computing Machinery <br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation References ==<br />
* [Cockburn and McKenzie, 2000] Andrew Cockburn and Bruce McKenzie. An Evaluation of Cone Trees. In ''People and Computers XIV: British Computer Society Conference on Human Computer Interaction 2000'', p425--436. Springer-Verlag. <br/> <br/><br />
<br />
* [Hearst and Karadi, 1997] Marti A. Hearst and Chandu Karadi. Cat-a-Cone: An Interactive Interface for Specifying Searches and Viewing Retrieval Results using a Large Category Hierarchy. In ''Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference'', pages 246-- 255, Philadelphia, PA, July 1997''<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
* [Hemmje, 1994] Matthias Hemmje, LyberWorld - A 3D Graphical User Interface for Fulltext Retrieval. Created at: May 7-11 1995. Retrieved at: April 13, 2006. [http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/230000/223759/p417-hemmje.pdf?key1=223759&key2=5327835411&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=69627115&CFTOKEN=87748242 http://delivery.acm.org/...]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Techniques]]<br />
[[Category:Hierarchical Data]]</div>Gruppe8 SS07https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=InfoSky&diff=13034InfoSky2007-04-11T17:40:02Z<p>Gruppe8 SS07: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Authors ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Michael Granitzer]] <br/><br />
*[[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Wolfgang Kienreich]]<br/><br />
*[[Andrews%2C_Keith|Keith Andrews]]<br/><br />
*[[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Vedran Sabol]]<br/><br />
*Werner Klieber<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Short description ==<br />
{{Quotation|The InfoSky visual explorer is a system enabling users to interactively explore large, hierarchically structured document collections. Similar to a real-world telescope, InfoSky employs a planar graphical representation with variable magnification. Documents of similar content are placed close to each other and displayed as stars, while collections of documents at a particular level in the hierarchy are visualised as bounding polygons. Usability testing of an early prototype implementation of InfoSky revealed several design issues which prevented users from fully exploiting the power of the visual metaphor. Evaluation results have been incorporated into an advanced prototype, and another usability test has been conducted. A comparison of test results demonstrates enhanced system performance and points out promising directions for further work.|[Michael Granitzer et al., Evaluating a System for Interactive Exploration of large, Hierarchically Structured Document Repositorieset, IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization 2004]}}<br />
<br />
== Suitable Datatypes ==<br />
Suitable Datatypes for this information visualization technique are hierarchical information structures. The goal of InfoSky is to reduce the complexity of large amounts of text-data (for examples collections of newspaper articles) by presenting it through the metapher of a telescope view in a hierarchically structured form. Text-data can be either Word documents, PDF or HTML files.<br/><br />
<br />
== Figures ==<br />
Pictures of the InfoSky Browser 2002<br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky1.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
[[Image:Infosky2.jpg|center|InfoSky]]<br />
<br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Important Citations ==<br />
<br/><br />
'''Layout of a simple Cone Tree''' [Robertson et al., 1991]<br/><br/><br />
[[Image:conetree.jpg|300px]]<br/><br/><br/><br/><br />
<br />
'''[http://www.sims.berkeley.edu/~hearst/papers/cac-sigir97/sigir97.html Cat-a-Cone: An Interactive Interface for Specifying Searches and Viewing Retrieval Results using a Large Category Hierarchy]''' <br/>[Hearst and Karadi, 1997]<br/><br/><br />
<br />
{{Quotation|The Cat-a-Cone is a novel user interface that integrates search and browsing of very large category hierarchies with their associated text collections. One key insight is the separation of the representation of category labels from documents, which allows the display of multiple categories per document. Another key component is the display of multiple selected categories simultaneously, complete with their hierarchical context. Shown are the results of a search on category labels Mastectomy and Radiation Therapy in conjunction with the text word "lumpectomy" on a breast cancer subset of the MEDLINE collection. A ConeTree displays category labels and a WebBook shows retrieval results. The lefthand page shows the title and the category labels associated with the document. The righthand page shows the abstract associated with the document. | [Hearst and Karadi, 1997]}}<br/><br/><br />
[[Image:catacone.jpg|300px]]<br/><br/> <br/><br/><br />
<br />
'''[http://portal.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=223759&type=pdf&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=69627115&CFTOKEN=87748242 Lyberworld]''' [Hemmje, 1994]<br/><br/><br />
LyberWorld is a 3D visualization user interface supporting fulltext retrieval.<br/><br/><br />
[[Image:lybertree.gif|300px]] <br/><br/> <br/><br/><br />
<br />
'''A file-system displayed as cone-tree'''<br />
<br/>[[Image:cones.gif|300px]]<br/><br/> <br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
* [[Cockburn%2C_Andrew|Andrew Cockburn]]<br/><br />
* [[McKenzie%2C_Bruce|Bruce McKenzie]]<br/><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
* [Robertson et al., 1991] [[Robertson%2C_George|George Robertson]], [[Mackinlay%2C_Jock_D.|Jock D. Mackinlay]], [[Card%2C_Stuart|Stuart Card]]. Cone Trees: Animated 3D Visualizations of Hierarchical Information. In ''Proceedings of the ACM CHI 91 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference'', pages 189-- 194, April 28 - June 5, 1991, New Orleans, Louisiana, June 1991. Association for Computing Machinery <br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation References ==<br />
* [Cockburn and McKenzie, 2000] Andrew Cockburn and Bruce McKenzie. An Evaluation of Cone Trees. In ''People and Computers XIV: British Computer Society Conference on Human Computer Interaction 2000'', p425--436. Springer-Verlag. <br/> <br/><br />
<br />
* [Hearst and Karadi, 1997] Marti A. Hearst and Chandu Karadi. Cat-a-Cone: An Interactive Interface for Specifying Searches and Viewing Retrieval Results using a Large Category Hierarchy. In ''Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference'', pages 246-- 255, Philadelphia, PA, July 1997''<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
* [Hemmje, 1994] Matthias Hemmje, LyberWorld - A 3D Graphical User Interface for Fulltext Retrieval. Created at: May 7-11 1995. Retrieved at: April 13, 2006. [http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/230000/223759/p417-hemmje.pdf?key1=223759&key2=5327835411&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=69627115&CFTOKEN=87748242 http://delivery.acm.org/...]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Techniques]]<br />
[[Category:Hierarchical Data]]</div>Gruppe8 SS07https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=File:Infosky2.jpg&diff=13033File:Infosky2.jpg2007-04-11T17:39:19Z<p>Gruppe8 SS07: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Summary ==<br />
<br />
== Copyright status ==<br />
<br />
== Source ==</div>Gruppe8 SS07https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=InfoSky&diff=13023InfoSky2007-04-11T17:00:19Z<p>Gruppe8 SS07: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Authors ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Michael Granitzer]] <br/><br />
*[[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Wolfgang Kienreich]]<br/><br />
*[[Andrews%2C_Keith|Keith Andrews]]<br/><br />
*[[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Vedran Sabol]]<br/><br />
*Werner Klieber<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Short description ==<br />
{{Quotation|The InfoSky visual explorer is a system enabling users to interactively explore large, hierarchically structured document collections. Similar to a real-world telescope, InfoSky employs a planar graphical representation with variable magnification. Documents of similar content are placed close to each other and displayed as stars, while collections of documents at a particular level in the hierarchy are visualised as bounding polygons. Usability testing of an early prototype implementation of InfoSky revealed several design issues which prevented users from fully exploiting the power of the visual metaphor. Evaluation results have been incorporated into an advanced prototype, and another usability test has been conducted. A comparison of test results demonstrates enhanced system performance and points out promising directions for further work.|[Michael Granitzer et al., Evaluating a System for Interactive Exploration of large, Hierarchically Structured Document Repositorieset, IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization 2004]}}<br />
<br />
== Suitable Datatypes ==<br />
Suitable Datatypes for this information visualization technique are hierarchical information structures. The goal of InfoSky is to reduce the complexity of large amounts of text-data (for examples collections of newspaper articles) by presenting it through the metapher of a telescope view in a hierarchically structured form. Text-data can be either Word documents, PDF or HTML files.<br/><br />
<br />
== Figures ==<br />
Each tree node is the apex of a cone. The children of each node are drawn around the base of its associated cone. <br/><br/><br />
[[Image:cone1.GIF|200px]]<br />
[[Image:cone2.GIF|200px]]<br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Examples and use cases ==<br />
<br/><br />
'''Layout of a simple Cone Tree''' [Robertson et al., 1991]<br/><br/><br />
[[Image:conetree.jpg|300px]]<br/><br/><br/><br/><br />
<br />
'''[http://www.sims.berkeley.edu/~hearst/papers/cac-sigir97/sigir97.html Cat-a-Cone: An Interactive Interface for Specifying Searches and Viewing Retrieval Results using a Large Category Hierarchy]''' <br/>[Hearst and Karadi, 1997]<br/><br/><br />
<br />
{{Quotation|The Cat-a-Cone is a novel user interface that integrates search and browsing of very large category hierarchies with their associated text collections. One key insight is the separation of the representation of category labels from documents, which allows the display of multiple categories per document. Another key component is the display of multiple selected categories simultaneously, complete with their hierarchical context. Shown are the results of a search on category labels Mastectomy and Radiation Therapy in conjunction with the text word "lumpectomy" on a breast cancer subset of the MEDLINE collection. A ConeTree displays category labels and a WebBook shows retrieval results. The lefthand page shows the title and the category labels associated with the document. The righthand page shows the abstract associated with the document. | [Hearst and Karadi, 1997]}}<br/><br/><br />
[[Image:catacone.jpg|300px]]<br/><br/> <br/><br/><br />
<br />
'''[http://portal.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=223759&type=pdf&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=69627115&CFTOKEN=87748242 Lyberworld]''' [Hemmje, 1994]<br/><br/><br />
LyberWorld is a 3D visualization user interface supporting fulltext retrieval.<br/><br/><br />
[[Image:lybertree.gif|300px]] <br/><br/> <br/><br/><br />
<br />
'''A file-system displayed as cone-tree'''<br />
<br/>[[Image:cones.gif|300px]]<br/><br/> <br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
* [[Cockburn%2C_Andrew|Andrew Cockburn]]<br/><br />
* [[McKenzie%2C_Bruce|Bruce McKenzie]]<br/><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
* [Robertson et al., 1991] [[Robertson%2C_George|George Robertson]], [[Mackinlay%2C_Jock_D.|Jock D. Mackinlay]], [[Card%2C_Stuart|Stuart Card]]. Cone Trees: Animated 3D Visualizations of Hierarchical Information. In ''Proceedings of the ACM CHI 91 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference'', pages 189-- 194, April 28 - June 5, 1991, New Orleans, Louisiana, June 1991. Association for Computing Machinery <br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation References ==<br />
* [Cockburn and McKenzie, 2000] Andrew Cockburn and Bruce McKenzie. An Evaluation of Cone Trees. In ''People and Computers XIV: British Computer Society Conference on Human Computer Interaction 2000'', p425--436. Springer-Verlag. <br/> <br/><br />
<br />
* [Hearst and Karadi, 1997] Marti A. Hearst and Chandu Karadi. Cat-a-Cone: An Interactive Interface for Specifying Searches and Viewing Retrieval Results using a Large Category Hierarchy. In ''Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference'', pages 246-- 255, Philadelphia, PA, July 1997''<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
* [Hemmje, 1994] Matthias Hemmje, LyberWorld - A 3D Graphical User Interface for Fulltext Retrieval. Created at: May 7-11 1995. Retrieved at: April 13, 2006. [http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/230000/223759/p417-hemmje.pdf?key1=223759&key2=5327835411&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=69627115&CFTOKEN=87748242 http://delivery.acm.org/...]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Techniques]]<br />
[[Category:Hierarchical Data]]</div>Gruppe8 SS07https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=InfoSky&diff=13022InfoSky2007-04-11T16:59:11Z<p>Gruppe8 SS07: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Authors ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Michael Granitzer]] <br/><br />
*[[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Wolfgang Kienreich]]<br/><br />
*[[Andrews%2C_Keith|Keith Andrews]]<br/><br />
*[[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Vedran Sabol]]<br/><br />
*Werner Klieber<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Short description ==<br />
{{Quotation|The InfoSky visual explorer is a system enabling users to interactively explore large, hierarchically structured document collections. Similar to a real-world telescope, InfoSky employs a planar graphical representation with variable magnification. Documents of similar content are placed close to each other and displayed as stars, while collections of documents at a particular level in the hierarchy are visualised as bounding polygons. Usability testing of an early prototype implementation of InfoSky revealed several design issues which prevented users from fully exploiting the power of the visual metaphor. Evaluation results have been incorporated into an advanced prototype, and another usability test has been conducted. A comparison of test results demonstrates enhanced system performance and points out promising directions for further work.|[Michael Granitzer et al., Evaluating a System for Interactive Exploration of large, Hierarchically Structured Document Repositorieset, IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization 2004]}}<br />
<br />
== Suitable Datatypes ==<br />
Suitable Datatypes for this information visualization technique are hierarchical information structures. The goal of InfoSky is to reduce the complexity of large amounts of text-data (for examples collections of newspaper articles) by presenting it through the metapher of a telescope view in a hierarchically structured form. Suitable text-data can be either Word documents, PDF or HTML files.<br/><br />
<br />
== Figures ==<br />
Each tree node is the apex of a cone. The children of each node are drawn around the base of its associated cone. <br/><br/><br />
[[Image:cone1.GIF|200px]]<br />
[[Image:cone2.GIF|200px]]<br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Examples and use cases ==<br />
<br/><br />
'''Layout of a simple Cone Tree''' [Robertson et al., 1991]<br/><br/><br />
[[Image:conetree.jpg|300px]]<br/><br/><br/><br/><br />
<br />
'''[http://www.sims.berkeley.edu/~hearst/papers/cac-sigir97/sigir97.html Cat-a-Cone: An Interactive Interface for Specifying Searches and Viewing Retrieval Results using a Large Category Hierarchy]''' <br/>[Hearst and Karadi, 1997]<br/><br/><br />
<br />
{{Quotation|The Cat-a-Cone is a novel user interface that integrates search and browsing of very large category hierarchies with their associated text collections. One key insight is the separation of the representation of category labels from documents, which allows the display of multiple categories per document. Another key component is the display of multiple selected categories simultaneously, complete with their hierarchical context. Shown are the results of a search on category labels Mastectomy and Radiation Therapy in conjunction with the text word "lumpectomy" on a breast cancer subset of the MEDLINE collection. A ConeTree displays category labels and a WebBook shows retrieval results. The lefthand page shows the title and the category labels associated with the document. The righthand page shows the abstract associated with the document. | [Hearst and Karadi, 1997]}}<br/><br/><br />
[[Image:catacone.jpg|300px]]<br/><br/> <br/><br/><br />
<br />
'''[http://portal.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=223759&type=pdf&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=69627115&CFTOKEN=87748242 Lyberworld]''' [Hemmje, 1994]<br/><br/><br />
LyberWorld is a 3D visualization user interface supporting fulltext retrieval.<br/><br/><br />
[[Image:lybertree.gif|300px]] <br/><br/> <br/><br/><br />
<br />
'''A file-system displayed as cone-tree'''<br />
<br/>[[Image:cones.gif|300px]]<br/><br/> <br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
* [[Cockburn%2C_Andrew|Andrew Cockburn]]<br/><br />
* [[McKenzie%2C_Bruce|Bruce McKenzie]]<br/><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
* [Robertson et al., 1991] [[Robertson%2C_George|George Robertson]], [[Mackinlay%2C_Jock_D.|Jock D. Mackinlay]], [[Card%2C_Stuart|Stuart Card]]. Cone Trees: Animated 3D Visualizations of Hierarchical Information. In ''Proceedings of the ACM CHI 91 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference'', pages 189-- 194, April 28 - June 5, 1991, New Orleans, Louisiana, June 1991. Association for Computing Machinery <br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation References ==<br />
* [Cockburn and McKenzie, 2000] Andrew Cockburn and Bruce McKenzie. An Evaluation of Cone Trees. In ''People and Computers XIV: British Computer Society Conference on Human Computer Interaction 2000'', p425--436. Springer-Verlag. <br/> <br/><br />
<br />
* [Hearst and Karadi, 1997] Marti A. Hearst and Chandu Karadi. Cat-a-Cone: An Interactive Interface for Specifying Searches and Viewing Retrieval Results using a Large Category Hierarchy. In ''Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference'', pages 246-- 255, Philadelphia, PA, July 1997''<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
* [Hemmje, 1994] Matthias Hemmje, LyberWorld - A 3D Graphical User Interface for Fulltext Retrieval. Created at: May 7-11 1995. Retrieved at: April 13, 2006. [http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/230000/223759/p417-hemmje.pdf?key1=223759&key2=5327835411&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=69627115&CFTOKEN=87748242 http://delivery.acm.org/...]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Techniques]]<br />
[[Category:Hierarchical Data]]</div>Gruppe8 SS07https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=InfoSky&diff=13021InfoSky2007-04-11T16:53:20Z<p>Gruppe8 SS07: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Authors ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Michael Granitzer]] <br/><br />
*[[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Wolfgang Kienreich]]<br/><br />
*[[Andrews%2C_Keith|Keith Andrews]]<br/><br />
*[[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Vedran Sabol]]<br/><br />
*Werner Klieber<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Short description ==<br />
{{Quotation|The InfoSky visual explorer is a system enabling users to interactively explore large, hierarchically structured document collections. Similar to a real-world telescope, InfoSky employs a planar graphical representation with variable magnification. Documents of similar content are placed close to each other and displayed as stars, while collections of documents at a particular level in the hierarchy are visualised as bounding polygons. Usability testing of an early prototype implementation of InfoSky revealed several design issues which prevented users from fully exploiting the power of the visual metaphor. Evaluation results have been incorporated into an advanced prototype, and another usability test has been conducted. A comparison of test results demonstrates enhanced system performance and points out promising directions for further work.|[Michael Granitzer et al., Evaluating a System for Interactive Exploration of large, Hierarchically Structured Document Repositorieset, IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization 2004]}}<br />
<br />
== Suitable Datatypes ==<br />
Suitable Datatypes for this information visualization technique are hierarchical information structures. <br/><br />
<br />
== Figures ==<br />
Each tree node is the apex of a cone. The children of each node are drawn around the base of its associated cone. <br/><br/><br />
[[Image:cone1.GIF|200px]]<br />
[[Image:cone2.GIF|200px]]<br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Examples and use cases ==<br />
<br/><br />
'''Layout of a simple Cone Tree''' [Robertson et al., 1991]<br/><br/><br />
[[Image:conetree.jpg|300px]]<br/><br/><br/><br/><br />
<br />
'''[http://www.sims.berkeley.edu/~hearst/papers/cac-sigir97/sigir97.html Cat-a-Cone: An Interactive Interface for Specifying Searches and Viewing Retrieval Results using a Large Category Hierarchy]''' <br/>[Hearst and Karadi, 1997]<br/><br/><br />
<br />
{{Quotation|The Cat-a-Cone is a novel user interface that integrates search and browsing of very large category hierarchies with their associated text collections. One key insight is the separation of the representation of category labels from documents, which allows the display of multiple categories per document. Another key component is the display of multiple selected categories simultaneously, complete with their hierarchical context. Shown are the results of a search on category labels Mastectomy and Radiation Therapy in conjunction with the text word "lumpectomy" on a breast cancer subset of the MEDLINE collection. A ConeTree displays category labels and a WebBook shows retrieval results. The lefthand page shows the title and the category labels associated with the document. The righthand page shows the abstract associated with the document. | [Hearst and Karadi, 1997]}}<br/><br/><br />
[[Image:catacone.jpg|300px]]<br/><br/> <br/><br/><br />
<br />
'''[http://portal.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=223759&type=pdf&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=69627115&CFTOKEN=87748242 Lyberworld]''' [Hemmje, 1994]<br/><br/><br />
LyberWorld is a 3D visualization user interface supporting fulltext retrieval.<br/><br/><br />
[[Image:lybertree.gif|300px]] <br/><br/> <br/><br/><br />
<br />
'''A file-system displayed as cone-tree'''<br />
<br/>[[Image:cones.gif|300px]]<br/><br/> <br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
* [[Cockburn%2C_Andrew|Andrew Cockburn]]<br/><br />
* [[McKenzie%2C_Bruce|Bruce McKenzie]]<br/><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
* [Robertson et al., 1991] [[Robertson%2C_George|George Robertson]], [[Mackinlay%2C_Jock_D.|Jock D. Mackinlay]], [[Card%2C_Stuart|Stuart Card]]. Cone Trees: Animated 3D Visualizations of Hierarchical Information. In ''Proceedings of the ACM CHI 91 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference'', pages 189-- 194, April 28 - June 5, 1991, New Orleans, Louisiana, June 1991. Association for Computing Machinery <br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation References ==<br />
* [Cockburn and McKenzie, 2000] Andrew Cockburn and Bruce McKenzie. An Evaluation of Cone Trees. In ''People and Computers XIV: British Computer Society Conference on Human Computer Interaction 2000'', p425--436. Springer-Verlag. <br/> <br/><br />
<br />
* [Hearst and Karadi, 1997] Marti A. Hearst and Chandu Karadi. Cat-a-Cone: An Interactive Interface for Specifying Searches and Viewing Retrieval Results using a Large Category Hierarchy. In ''Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference'', pages 246-- 255, Philadelphia, PA, July 1997''<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
* [Hemmje, 1994] Matthias Hemmje, LyberWorld - A 3D Graphical User Interface for Fulltext Retrieval. Created at: May 7-11 1995. Retrieved at: April 13, 2006. [http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/230000/223759/p417-hemmje.pdf?key1=223759&key2=5327835411&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=69627115&CFTOKEN=87748242 http://delivery.acm.org/...]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Techniques]]<br />
[[Category:Hierarchical Data]]</div>Gruppe8 SS07https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=InfoSky&diff=13020InfoSky2007-04-11T16:51:23Z<p>Gruppe8 SS07: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Authors ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Michael Granitzer]] <br/><br />
*[[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Wolfgang Kienreich]]<br/><br />
*[[Andrews%2C_Keith|Keith Andrews]]<br/><br />
*[[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Vedran Sabol]]<br/><br />
*Werner Klieber<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Short description ==<br />
{{Quotation|The InfoSky visual explorer is a system enabling users to interactively explore large, hierarchically structured document collections. Similar to a real-world telescope, InfoSky employs a planar graphical representation with variable magnification. Documents of similar content are placed close to each other and displayed as stars, while collections of documents at a particular level in the hierarchy are visualised as bounding polygons. Usability testing of an early prototype implementation of InfoSky revealed several design issues which prevented users from fully exploiting the power of the visual metaphor. Evaluation results have been incorporated into an advanced prototype, and another usability test has been conducted. A comparison of test results demonstrates enhanced system performance and points out promising directions for further work.|[Michael Granitzer et al., 2004]}}<br />
<br />
== Suitable Datatypes ==<br />
Suitable Datatypes for this information visualization technique are hierarchical information structures. <br/><br />
<br />
== Figures ==<br />
Each tree node is the apex of a cone. The children of each node are drawn around the base of its associated cone. <br/><br/><br />
[[Image:cone1.GIF|200px]]<br />
[[Image:cone2.GIF|200px]]<br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Examples and use cases ==<br />
<br/><br />
'''Layout of a simple Cone Tree''' [Robertson et al., 1991]<br/><br/><br />
[[Image:conetree.jpg|300px]]<br/><br/><br/><br/><br />
<br />
'''[http://www.sims.berkeley.edu/~hearst/papers/cac-sigir97/sigir97.html Cat-a-Cone: An Interactive Interface for Specifying Searches and Viewing Retrieval Results using a Large Category Hierarchy]''' <br/>[Hearst and Karadi, 1997]<br/><br/><br />
<br />
{{Quotation|The Cat-a-Cone is a novel user interface that integrates search and browsing of very large category hierarchies with their associated text collections. One key insight is the separation of the representation of category labels from documents, which allows the display of multiple categories per document. Another key component is the display of multiple selected categories simultaneously, complete with their hierarchical context. Shown are the results of a search on category labels Mastectomy and Radiation Therapy in conjunction with the text word "lumpectomy" on a breast cancer subset of the MEDLINE collection. A ConeTree displays category labels and a WebBook shows retrieval results. The lefthand page shows the title and the category labels associated with the document. The righthand page shows the abstract associated with the document. | [Hearst and Karadi, 1997]}}<br/><br/><br />
[[Image:catacone.jpg|300px]]<br/><br/> <br/><br/><br />
<br />
'''[http://portal.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=223759&type=pdf&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=69627115&CFTOKEN=87748242 Lyberworld]''' [Hemmje, 1994]<br/><br/><br />
LyberWorld is a 3D visualization user interface supporting fulltext retrieval.<br/><br/><br />
[[Image:lybertree.gif|300px]] <br/><br/> <br/><br/><br />
<br />
'''A file-system displayed as cone-tree'''<br />
<br/>[[Image:cones.gif|300px]]<br/><br/> <br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
* [[Cockburn%2C_Andrew|Andrew Cockburn]]<br/><br />
* [[McKenzie%2C_Bruce|Bruce McKenzie]]<br/><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
* [Robertson et al., 1991] [[Robertson%2C_George|George Robertson]], [[Mackinlay%2C_Jock_D.|Jock D. Mackinlay]], [[Card%2C_Stuart|Stuart Card]]. Cone Trees: Animated 3D Visualizations of Hierarchical Information. In ''Proceedings of the ACM CHI 91 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference'', pages 189-- 194, April 28 - June 5, 1991, New Orleans, Louisiana, June 1991. Association for Computing Machinery <br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation References ==<br />
* [Cockburn and McKenzie, 2000] Andrew Cockburn and Bruce McKenzie. An Evaluation of Cone Trees. In ''People and Computers XIV: British Computer Society Conference on Human Computer Interaction 2000'', p425--436. Springer-Verlag. <br/> <br/><br />
<br />
* [Hearst and Karadi, 1997] Marti A. Hearst and Chandu Karadi. Cat-a-Cone: An Interactive Interface for Specifying Searches and Viewing Retrieval Results using a Large Category Hierarchy. In ''Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference'', pages 246-- 255, Philadelphia, PA, July 1997''<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
* [Hemmje, 1994] Matthias Hemmje, LyberWorld - A 3D Graphical User Interface for Fulltext Retrieval. Created at: May 7-11 1995. Retrieved at: April 13, 2006. [http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/230000/223759/p417-hemmje.pdf?key1=223759&key2=5327835411&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=69627115&CFTOKEN=87748242 http://delivery.acm.org/...]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Techniques]]<br />
[[Category:Hierarchical Data]]</div>Gruppe8 SS07https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=InfoSky&diff=13019InfoSky2007-04-11T16:50:36Z<p>Gruppe8 SS07: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Authors ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Michael Granitzer]] <br/><br />
*[[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Wolfgang Kienreich]]<br/><br />
*[[Andrews%2C_Keith|Keith Andrews]]<br/><br />
*[[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Vedran Sabol]]<br/><br />
*Werner Klieber<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Short description ==<br />
{{Quotation|The InfoSky visual explorer is a system enabling users to interactively explore large, hierarchically structured document collections. Similar to a real-world telescope, InfoSky employs a planar graphical representation with variable magnification. Documents of similar content are placed close to each other and displayed as stars, while collections of documents at a particular level in the hierarchy are visualised as bounding polygons. Usability testing of an early prototype implementation of InfoSky revealed several design issues which prevented users from fully exploiting the power of the visual metaphor. Evaluation results have been incorporated into an advanced prototype, and another usability test has been conducted. A comparison of test results demonstrates enhanced system performance and points out promising directions for further work.|[Michael Granitzer et al., 1991]}}<br />
<br />
== Suitable Datatypes ==<br />
Suitable Datatypes for this information visualization technique are hierarchical information structures. <br/><br />
<br />
== Figures ==<br />
Each tree node is the apex of a cone. The children of each node are drawn around the base of its associated cone. <br/><br/><br />
[[Image:cone1.GIF|200px]]<br />
[[Image:cone2.GIF|200px]]<br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Examples and use cases ==<br />
<br/><br />
'''Layout of a simple Cone Tree''' [Robertson et al., 1991]<br/><br/><br />
[[Image:conetree.jpg|300px]]<br/><br/><br/><br/><br />
<br />
'''[http://www.sims.berkeley.edu/~hearst/papers/cac-sigir97/sigir97.html Cat-a-Cone: An Interactive Interface for Specifying Searches and Viewing Retrieval Results using a Large Category Hierarchy]''' <br/>[Hearst and Karadi, 1997]<br/><br/><br />
<br />
{{Quotation|The Cat-a-Cone is a novel user interface that integrates search and browsing of very large category hierarchies with their associated text collections. One key insight is the separation of the representation of category labels from documents, which allows the display of multiple categories per document. Another key component is the display of multiple selected categories simultaneously, complete with their hierarchical context. Shown are the results of a search on category labels Mastectomy and Radiation Therapy in conjunction with the text word "lumpectomy" on a breast cancer subset of the MEDLINE collection. A ConeTree displays category labels and a WebBook shows retrieval results. The lefthand page shows the title and the category labels associated with the document. The righthand page shows the abstract associated with the document. | [Hearst and Karadi, 1997]}}<br/><br/><br />
[[Image:catacone.jpg|300px]]<br/><br/> <br/><br/><br />
<br />
'''[http://portal.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=223759&type=pdf&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=69627115&CFTOKEN=87748242 Lyberworld]''' [Hemmje, 1994]<br/><br/><br />
LyberWorld is a 3D visualization user interface supporting fulltext retrieval.<br/><br/><br />
[[Image:lybertree.gif|300px]] <br/><br/> <br/><br/><br />
<br />
'''A file-system displayed as cone-tree'''<br />
<br/>[[Image:cones.gif|300px]]<br/><br/> <br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
* [[Cockburn%2C_Andrew|Andrew Cockburn]]<br/><br />
* [[McKenzie%2C_Bruce|Bruce McKenzie]]<br/><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
* [Robertson et al., 1991] [[Robertson%2C_George|George Robertson]], [[Mackinlay%2C_Jock_D.|Jock D. Mackinlay]], [[Card%2C_Stuart|Stuart Card]]. Cone Trees: Animated 3D Visualizations of Hierarchical Information. In ''Proceedings of the ACM CHI 91 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference'', pages 189-- 194, April 28 - June 5, 1991, New Orleans, Louisiana, June 1991. Association for Computing Machinery <br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation References ==<br />
* [Cockburn and McKenzie, 2000] Andrew Cockburn and Bruce McKenzie. An Evaluation of Cone Trees. In ''People and Computers XIV: British Computer Society Conference on Human Computer Interaction 2000'', p425--436. Springer-Verlag. <br/> <br/><br />
<br />
* [Hearst and Karadi, 1997] Marti A. Hearst and Chandu Karadi. Cat-a-Cone: An Interactive Interface for Specifying Searches and Viewing Retrieval Results using a Large Category Hierarchy. In ''Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference'', pages 246-- 255, Philadelphia, PA, July 1997''<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
* [Hemmje, 1994] Matthias Hemmje, LyberWorld - A 3D Graphical User Interface for Fulltext Retrieval. Created at: May 7-11 1995. Retrieved at: April 13, 2006. [http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/230000/223759/p417-hemmje.pdf?key1=223759&key2=5327835411&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=69627115&CFTOKEN=87748242 http://delivery.acm.org/...]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Techniques]]<br />
[[Category:Hierarchical Data]]</div>Gruppe8 SS07https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=InfoSky&diff=13018InfoSky2007-04-11T16:50:11Z<p>Gruppe8 SS07: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Authors ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Michael Granitzer]] <br/><br />
*[[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Wolfgang Kienreich]]<br/><br />
*[[Andrews%2C_Keith|Keith Andrews]]<br/><br />
*[[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Vedran Sabol]]<br/><br />
*Werner Klieber<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Short description ==<br />
{{Quotation|The InfoSky visual explorer is a system enabling users to interactively explore large, hierarchically structured document collections. Similar to a real-world telescope, InfoSky employs a planar graphical representation with variable magnification.<br />
Documents of similar content are placed close to each other and displayed as stars, while collections of documents at a particular level in the hierarchy are visualised as bounding polygons. Usability testing of an early prototype implementation of InfoSky revealed several design issues which prevented users from fully exploiting the power of the visual metaphor. Evaluation results have been incorporated into an advanced prototype, and another usability test has been conducted. A comparison of test results demonstrates enhanced system performance and points out promising directions for further work.|[Michael Granitzer et al., 1991]}}<br />
<br />
== Suitable Datatypes ==<br />
Suitable Datatypes for this information visualization technique are hierarchical information structures. <br/><br />
<br />
== Figures ==<br />
Each tree node is the apex of a cone. The children of each node are drawn around the base of its associated cone. <br/><br/><br />
[[Image:cone1.GIF|200px]]<br />
[[Image:cone2.GIF|200px]]<br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Examples and use cases ==<br />
<br/><br />
'''Layout of a simple Cone Tree''' [Robertson et al., 1991]<br/><br/><br />
[[Image:conetree.jpg|300px]]<br/><br/><br/><br/><br />
<br />
'''[http://www.sims.berkeley.edu/~hearst/papers/cac-sigir97/sigir97.html Cat-a-Cone: An Interactive Interface for Specifying Searches and Viewing Retrieval Results using a Large Category Hierarchy]''' <br/>[Hearst and Karadi, 1997]<br/><br/><br />
<br />
{{Quotation|The Cat-a-Cone is a novel user interface that integrates search and browsing of very large category hierarchies with their associated text collections. One key insight is the separation of the representation of category labels from documents, which allows the display of multiple categories per document. Another key component is the display of multiple selected categories simultaneously, complete with their hierarchical context. Shown are the results of a search on category labels Mastectomy and Radiation Therapy in conjunction with the text word "lumpectomy" on a breast cancer subset of the MEDLINE collection. A ConeTree displays category labels and a WebBook shows retrieval results. The lefthand page shows the title and the category labels associated with the document. The righthand page shows the abstract associated with the document. | [Hearst and Karadi, 1997]}}<br/><br/><br />
[[Image:catacone.jpg|300px]]<br/><br/> <br/><br/><br />
<br />
'''[http://portal.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=223759&type=pdf&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=69627115&CFTOKEN=87748242 Lyberworld]''' [Hemmje, 1994]<br/><br/><br />
LyberWorld is a 3D visualization user interface supporting fulltext retrieval.<br/><br/><br />
[[Image:lybertree.gif|300px]] <br/><br/> <br/><br/><br />
<br />
'''A file-system displayed as cone-tree'''<br />
<br/>[[Image:cones.gif|300px]]<br/><br/> <br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
* [[Cockburn%2C_Andrew|Andrew Cockburn]]<br/><br />
* [[McKenzie%2C_Bruce|Bruce McKenzie]]<br/><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
* [Robertson et al., 1991] [[Robertson%2C_George|George Robertson]], [[Mackinlay%2C_Jock_D.|Jock D. Mackinlay]], [[Card%2C_Stuart|Stuart Card]]. Cone Trees: Animated 3D Visualizations of Hierarchical Information. In ''Proceedings of the ACM CHI 91 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference'', pages 189-- 194, April 28 - June 5, 1991, New Orleans, Louisiana, June 1991. Association for Computing Machinery <br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation References ==<br />
* [Cockburn and McKenzie, 2000] Andrew Cockburn and Bruce McKenzie. An Evaluation of Cone Trees. In ''People and Computers XIV: British Computer Society Conference on Human Computer Interaction 2000'', p425--436. Springer-Verlag. <br/> <br/><br />
<br />
* [Hearst and Karadi, 1997] Marti A. Hearst and Chandu Karadi. Cat-a-Cone: An Interactive Interface for Specifying Searches and Viewing Retrieval Results using a Large Category Hierarchy. In ''Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference'', pages 246-- 255, Philadelphia, PA, July 1997''<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
* [Hemmje, 1994] Matthias Hemmje, LyberWorld - A 3D Graphical User Interface for Fulltext Retrieval. Created at: May 7-11 1995. Retrieved at: April 13, 2006. [http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/230000/223759/p417-hemmje.pdf?key1=223759&key2=5327835411&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=69627115&CFTOKEN=87748242 http://delivery.acm.org/...]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Techniques]]<br />
[[Category:Hierarchical Data]]</div>Gruppe8 SS07https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=InfoSky&diff=13017InfoSky2007-04-11T16:49:04Z<p>Gruppe8 SS07: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Authors ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Michael Granitzer]] <br/><br />
*[[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Wolfgang Kienreich]]<br/><br />
*[[Andrews%2C_Keith|Keith Andrews]]<br/><br />
*[[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Vedran Sabol]]<br/><br />
*Werner Klieber<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Short description ==<br />
{{Quotation|The InfoSky visual explorer is a system enabling users to interactively explore large, hierarchically structured document<br />
collections. Similar to a real-world telescope, InfoSky employs a<br />
planar graphical representation with variable magnification.<br />
Documents of similar content are placed close to each other and<br />
displayed as stars, while collections of documents at a particular<br />
level in the hierarchy are visualised as bounding polygons.<br />
Usability testing of an early prototype implementation of<br />
InfoSky revealed several design issues which prevented users<br />
from fully exploiting the power of the visual metaphor.<br />
Evaluation results have been incorporated into an advanced<br />
prototype, and another usability test has been conducted. A<br />
comparison of test results demonstrates enhanced system<br />
performance and points out promising directions for further work.|[George Robertson et al., 1991]}}<br />
<br />
== Suitable Datatypes ==<br />
Suitable Datatypes for this information visualization technique are hierarchical information structures. <br/><br />
<br />
== Figures ==<br />
Each tree node is the apex of a cone. The children of each node are drawn around the base of its associated cone. <br/><br/><br />
[[Image:cone1.GIF|200px]]<br />
[[Image:cone2.GIF|200px]]<br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Examples and use cases ==<br />
<br/><br />
'''Layout of a simple Cone Tree''' [Robertson et al., 1991]<br/><br/><br />
[[Image:conetree.jpg|300px]]<br/><br/><br/><br/><br />
<br />
'''[http://www.sims.berkeley.edu/~hearst/papers/cac-sigir97/sigir97.html Cat-a-Cone: An Interactive Interface for Specifying Searches and Viewing Retrieval Results using a Large Category Hierarchy]''' <br/>[Hearst and Karadi, 1997]<br/><br/><br />
<br />
{{Quotation|The Cat-a-Cone is a novel user interface that integrates search and browsing of very large category hierarchies with their associated text collections. One key insight is the separation of the representation of category labels from documents, which allows the display of multiple categories per document. Another key component is the display of multiple selected categories simultaneously, complete with their hierarchical context. Shown are the results of a search on category labels Mastectomy and Radiation Therapy in conjunction with the text word "lumpectomy" on a breast cancer subset of the MEDLINE collection. A ConeTree displays category labels and a WebBook shows retrieval results. The lefthand page shows the title and the category labels associated with the document. The righthand page shows the abstract associated with the document. | [Hearst and Karadi, 1997]}}<br/><br/><br />
[[Image:catacone.jpg|300px]]<br/><br/> <br/><br/><br />
<br />
'''[http://portal.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=223759&type=pdf&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=69627115&CFTOKEN=87748242 Lyberworld]''' [Hemmje, 1994]<br/><br/><br />
LyberWorld is a 3D visualization user interface supporting fulltext retrieval.<br/><br/><br />
[[Image:lybertree.gif|300px]] <br/><br/> <br/><br/><br />
<br />
'''A file-system displayed as cone-tree'''<br />
<br/>[[Image:cones.gif|300px]]<br/><br/> <br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
* [[Cockburn%2C_Andrew|Andrew Cockburn]]<br/><br />
* [[McKenzie%2C_Bruce|Bruce McKenzie]]<br/><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
* [Robertson et al., 1991] [[Robertson%2C_George|George Robertson]], [[Mackinlay%2C_Jock_D.|Jock D. Mackinlay]], [[Card%2C_Stuart|Stuart Card]]. Cone Trees: Animated 3D Visualizations of Hierarchical Information. In ''Proceedings of the ACM CHI 91 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference'', pages 189-- 194, April 28 - June 5, 1991, New Orleans, Louisiana, June 1991. Association for Computing Machinery <br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation References ==<br />
* [Cockburn and McKenzie, 2000] Andrew Cockburn and Bruce McKenzie. An Evaluation of Cone Trees. In ''People and Computers XIV: British Computer Society Conference on Human Computer Interaction 2000'', p425--436. Springer-Verlag. <br/> <br/><br />
<br />
* [Hearst and Karadi, 1997] Marti A. Hearst and Chandu Karadi. Cat-a-Cone: An Interactive Interface for Specifying Searches and Viewing Retrieval Results using a Large Category Hierarchy. In ''Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference'', pages 246-- 255, Philadelphia, PA, July 1997''<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
* [Hemmje, 1994] Matthias Hemmje, LyberWorld - A 3D Graphical User Interface for Fulltext Retrieval. Created at: May 7-11 1995. Retrieved at: April 13, 2006. [http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/230000/223759/p417-hemmje.pdf?key1=223759&key2=5327835411&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=69627115&CFTOKEN=87748242 http://delivery.acm.org/...]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Techniques]]<br />
[[Category:Hierarchical Data]]</div>Gruppe8 SS07https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=InfoSky&diff=13015InfoSky2007-04-11T16:47:47Z<p>Gruppe8 SS07: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Authors ==<br />
*[[Granitzer%2C_Michael|Michael Granitzer]] <br/><br />
*[[Kienreich%2C_Wolfgang|Wolfgang Kienreich]]<br/><br />
*[[Andrews%2C_Keith|Keith Andrews]]<br/><br />
*[[Sabol%2C_Vedran|Vedran Sabol]]<br/><br />
*Werner Klieber<br/><br />
<br />
<br />
== Short description ==<br />
{{Quotation|The task of managing and accessing large information spaces is a problem in large scale cognition. Emerging technologies for 3D visualization and interactive animation offer potential solutions to this problem, especially when the structure of the information can be visualized. We describe one of these Information Visualization techniques, called the Cone Tree, which is used for visualizing hierarchical information structures. The hierarchy is presented in 3D to maximize effective use of available screen space and enable visualization of the whole structure. Interactive animation is used to shift some of the user's cognitive load to the human perceptual system.| [George Robertson et al., 1991]}}<br />
<br />
== Suitable Datatypes ==<br />
Suitable Datatypes for this information visualization technique are hierarchical information structures. <br/><br />
<br />
== Figures ==<br />
Each tree node is the apex of a cone. The children of each node are drawn around the base of its associated cone. <br/><br/><br />
[[Image:cone1.GIF|200px]]<br />
[[Image:cone2.GIF|200px]]<br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Examples and use cases ==<br />
<br/><br />
'''Layout of a simple Cone Tree''' [Robertson et al., 1991]<br/><br/><br />
[[Image:conetree.jpg|300px]]<br/><br/><br/><br/><br />
<br />
'''[http://www.sims.berkeley.edu/~hearst/papers/cac-sigir97/sigir97.html Cat-a-Cone: An Interactive Interface for Specifying Searches and Viewing Retrieval Results using a Large Category Hierarchy]''' <br/>[Hearst and Karadi, 1997]<br/><br/><br />
<br />
{{Quotation|The Cat-a-Cone is a novel user interface that integrates search and browsing of very large category hierarchies with their associated text collections. One key insight is the separation of the representation of category labels from documents, which allows the display of multiple categories per document. Another key component is the display of multiple selected categories simultaneously, complete with their hierarchical context. Shown are the results of a search on category labels Mastectomy and Radiation Therapy in conjunction with the text word "lumpectomy" on a breast cancer subset of the MEDLINE collection. A ConeTree displays category labels and a WebBook shows retrieval results. The lefthand page shows the title and the category labels associated with the document. The righthand page shows the abstract associated with the document. | [Hearst and Karadi, 1997]}}<br/><br/><br />
[[Image:catacone.jpg|300px]]<br/><br/> <br/><br/><br />
<br />
'''[http://portal.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=223759&type=pdf&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=69627115&CFTOKEN=87748242 Lyberworld]''' [Hemmje, 1994]<br/><br/><br />
LyberWorld is a 3D visualization user interface supporting fulltext retrieval.<br/><br/><br />
[[Image:lybertree.gif|300px]] <br/><br/> <br/><br/><br />
<br />
'''A file-system displayed as cone-tree'''<br />
<br/>[[Image:cones.gif|300px]]<br/><br/> <br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
* [[Cockburn%2C_Andrew|Andrew Cockburn]]<br/><br />
* [[McKenzie%2C_Bruce|Bruce McKenzie]]<br/><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
* [Robertson et al., 1991] [[Robertson%2C_George|George Robertson]], [[Mackinlay%2C_Jock_D.|Jock D. Mackinlay]], [[Card%2C_Stuart|Stuart Card]]. Cone Trees: Animated 3D Visualizations of Hierarchical Information. In ''Proceedings of the ACM CHI 91 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference'', pages 189-- 194, April 28 - June 5, 1991, New Orleans, Louisiana, June 1991. Association for Computing Machinery <br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation References ==<br />
* [Cockburn and McKenzie, 2000] Andrew Cockburn and Bruce McKenzie. An Evaluation of Cone Trees. In ''People and Computers XIV: British Computer Society Conference on Human Computer Interaction 2000'', p425--436. Springer-Verlag. <br/> <br/><br />
<br />
* [Hearst and Karadi, 1997] Marti A. Hearst and Chandu Karadi. Cat-a-Cone: An Interactive Interface for Specifying Searches and Viewing Retrieval Results using a Large Category Hierarchy. In ''Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference'', pages 246-- 255, Philadelphia, PA, July 1997''<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
* [Hemmje, 1994] Matthias Hemmje, LyberWorld - A 3D Graphical User Interface for Fulltext Retrieval. Created at: May 7-11 1995. Retrieved at: April 13, 2006. [http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/230000/223759/p417-hemmje.pdf?key1=223759&key2=5327835411&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=69627115&CFTOKEN=87748242 http://delivery.acm.org/...]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Techniques]]<br />
[[Category:Hierarchical Data]]</div>Gruppe8 SS07https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=InfoSky&diff=13014InfoSky2007-04-11T16:44:53Z<p>Gruppe8 SS07: </p>
<hr />
<div>== Authors ==<br />
*[[Robertson%2C_George|George Robertson]] <br/><br />
*[[Mackinlay%2C_Jock_D.|Jock D. Mackinlay]]<br/><br />
*[[Card%2C_Stuart|Stuart Card]]<br/><br />
<br />
== Short description ==<br />
{{Quotation|The task of managing and accessing large information spaces is a problem in large scale cognition. Emerging technologies for 3D visualization and interactive animation offer potential solutions to this problem, especially when the structure of the information can be visualized. We describe one of these Information Visualization techniques, called the Cone Tree, which is used for visualizing hierarchical information structures. The hierarchy is presented in 3D to maximize effective use of available screen space and enable visualization of the whole structure. Interactive animation is used to shift some of the user's cognitive load to the human perceptual system.| [George Robertson et al., 1991]}}<br />
<br />
== Suitable Datatypes ==<br />
Suitable Datatypes for this information visualization technique are hierarchical information structures. <br/><br />
<br />
== Figures ==<br />
Each tree node is the apex of a cone. The children of each node are drawn around the base of its associated cone. <br/><br/><br />
[[Image:cone1.GIF|200px]]<br />
[[Image:cone2.GIF|200px]]<br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Examples and use cases ==<br />
<br/><br />
'''Layout of a simple Cone Tree''' [Robertson et al., 1991]<br/><br/><br />
[[Image:conetree.jpg|300px]]<br/><br/><br/><br/><br />
<br />
'''[http://www.sims.berkeley.edu/~hearst/papers/cac-sigir97/sigir97.html Cat-a-Cone: An Interactive Interface for Specifying Searches and Viewing Retrieval Results using a Large Category Hierarchy]''' <br/>[Hearst and Karadi, 1997]<br/><br/><br />
<br />
{{Quotation|The Cat-a-Cone is a novel user interface that integrates search and browsing of very large category hierarchies with their associated text collections. One key insight is the separation of the representation of category labels from documents, which allows the display of multiple categories per document. Another key component is the display of multiple selected categories simultaneously, complete with their hierarchical context. Shown are the results of a search on category labels Mastectomy and Radiation Therapy in conjunction with the text word "lumpectomy" on a breast cancer subset of the MEDLINE collection. A ConeTree displays category labels and a WebBook shows retrieval results. The lefthand page shows the title and the category labels associated with the document. The righthand page shows the abstract associated with the document. | [Hearst and Karadi, 1997]}}<br/><br/><br />
[[Image:catacone.jpg|300px]]<br/><br/> <br/><br/><br />
<br />
'''[http://portal.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=223759&type=pdf&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=69627115&CFTOKEN=87748242 Lyberworld]''' [Hemmje, 1994]<br/><br/><br />
LyberWorld is a 3D visualization user interface supporting fulltext retrieval.<br/><br/><br />
[[Image:lybertree.gif|300px]] <br/><br/> <br/><br/><br />
<br />
'''A file-system displayed as cone-tree'''<br />
<br/>[[Image:cones.gif|300px]]<br/><br/> <br/><br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation ==<br />
<br />
* [[Cockburn%2C_Andrew|Andrew Cockburn]]<br/><br />
* [[McKenzie%2C_Bruce|Bruce McKenzie]]<br/><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
* [Robertson et al., 1991] [[Robertson%2C_George|George Robertson]], [[Mackinlay%2C_Jock_D.|Jock D. Mackinlay]], [[Card%2C_Stuart|Stuart Card]]. Cone Trees: Animated 3D Visualizations of Hierarchical Information. In ''Proceedings of the ACM CHI 91 Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference'', pages 189-- 194, April 28 - June 5, 1991, New Orleans, Louisiana, June 1991. Association for Computing Machinery <br/><br />
<br />
== Evaluation References ==<br />
* [Cockburn and McKenzie, 2000] Andrew Cockburn and Bruce McKenzie. An Evaluation of Cone Trees. In ''People and Computers XIV: British Computer Society Conference on Human Computer Interaction 2000'', p425--436. Springer-Verlag. <br/> <br/><br />
<br />
* [Hearst and Karadi, 1997] Marti A. Hearst and Chandu Karadi. Cat-a-Cone: An Interactive Interface for Specifying Searches and Viewing Retrieval Results using a Large Category Hierarchy. In ''Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference'', pages 246-- 255, Philadelphia, PA, July 1997''<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
* [Hemmje, 1994] Matthias Hemmje, LyberWorld - A 3D Graphical User Interface for Fulltext Retrieval. Created at: May 7-11 1995. Retrieved at: April 13, 2006. [http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/230000/223759/p417-hemmje.pdf?key1=223759&key2=5327835411&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=69627115&CFTOKEN=87748242 http://delivery.acm.org/...]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Techniques]]<br />
[[Category:Hierarchical Data]]</div>Gruppe8 SS07https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=InfoSky&diff=13013InfoSky2007-04-11T16:44:27Z<p>Gruppe8 SS07: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
<br />
[[Category:Techniques]]</div>Gruppe8 SS07https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=Sabol,_Vedran&diff=13010Sabol, Vedran2007-04-11T16:26:42Z<p>Gruppe8 SS07: </p>
<hr />
<div><br/><br />
[[Image:Sabol.jpg|right]]<br />
<br(><br />
'''DI Vedran Sabol''' <nowiki>works as scientific assistant at the ''Know Center'' in Graz. In a connection between science and economy the ''Know Center'' accomplishes problem- and results-oriented and easily applyable scientific projects in the areas of knowledge management as well as human- and organisation-oriented knowledge management. </nowiki> <br />
He is expert for <br />
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Web semantic web]<br />
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_mining text mining]<br />
*knowledge map and<br />
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_visualization knowledge visualisation].<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
== External Links ==<br />
*[http://www.semantic-web.at/26.2949.2949.systemuser.vedran-sabol.htm Vedran Sabol @ Semantic Web School - Center for Knowledge Transfer]<br />
*[http://www.know-center.tugraz.at/ Know Center Graz]<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
== Publications ==<br />
*[http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/indices/a-tree/s/Sabol:Vedran.html publication list]<br />
*[http://portal.acm.org/results.cfm?query=author%3AVedran%20Sabol&querydisp=author%3AVedran%20Sabol&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=19684496&CFTOKEN=19020315 publication list at ACM Portal (TU Vienna)]<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Persons]]</div>Gruppe8 SS07https://infovis-wiki.net/w/index.php?title=Sabol,_Vedran&diff=13009Sabol, Vedran2007-04-11T16:26:24Z<p>Gruppe8 SS07: </p>
<hr />
<div><br/><br />
[[Image:Sabol.jpg|right]]<br />
<br(><br />
'''DI Vedran Sabol''' <nowiki>works as scientific assistant at the ''Know Center'' in Graz. In a connection between science and economy the ''Know Center'' accomplishes problem- and results-oriented and easily applyable scientific projects in the areas of knowledge management as well as human- and organisation-oriented knowledge management. </nowiki> <br />
He is expert for <br />
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Web semantic web]<br />
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_mining text mining]<br />
*knowledge map and<br />
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_visualization knowledge visualisation].<br />
<br/><br />
<br />
== External Links ==<br />
*[http://www.semantic-web.at/26.2949.2949.systemuser.vedran-sabol.htm Vedran Sabol @ Semantic Web School - Center for Knowledge Transfer]<br />
*[http://www.know-center.tugraz.at/ Know Center Graz]<br />
<br />
== Publications ==<br />
*[http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~ley/db/indices/a-tree/s/Sabol:Vedran.html publication list]<br />
*[http://portal.acm.org/results.cfm?query=author%3AVedran%20Sabol&querydisp=author%3AVedran%20Sabol&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=19684496&CFTOKEN=19020315 publication list at ACM Portal (TU Vienna)]<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Persons]]</div>Gruppe8 SS07